跨文化交际Nonverbal-Communication-课件

Chapter3

NonverbalCommunication1. NonverbalCommunication2. Kinesics3. SpaceandDistance1. NonverbalCommunication1.1 Definitions1.2 Importance1.3 Functions1.1Definitions

Nonverbalcommunicationistheprocessbywhichnonverbalbehaviorsareused,eithersinglyorincombinationwithverbalbehaviors,intheexchangeandinterpretationofmessagesinagivensituationorcontext.Definitions(cont’d)

Nonverbalcommunicationistheinteractionthatiscarriedoutbyourbodies,gestures,andtonesofvoice,inotherwords,everythingexcepttheactualwords.

1.2ImportanceReasons:Accountsformuchofthemeaningwederivefromconversations.Spontaneouslyreflectsthespeaker’ssubconsciousness.Alwayspresent LevelofMeaningCognitivecontent -statedmessages,whatissaidopenlyAffectivecontent -feelings,attitudes,andbehaviors7%throughwords,38%throughvoice,and55%throughlooksandbehaviors1.3FunctionsAccenting-punctuateComplementing-supportContradicting–oppositetoRegulating-controlRepeating–sendthesamemeaningSubstituting-replace2. Kinesics

Kinesicsisthenonverbalbehaviorrelatedtomovement,eitherofpartsofthebody,orofthebodyasawhole,includingfacialexpressions,gestures,postures,eyecontact,etc. Kinesicsis“bodylanguage”.

Kinesics(cont’d)2.1 FacialExpressions2.2 Gestures2.3 Postures2.4 EyeContact2.1FacialExpressionsWesternersandtheChineseshare:Isitme?Keepquietplease.Lostinthought.Isittrue?FacialExpressions(cont’d)

Examplesoffeelingsthatcanbeexpressedare:fear,anger,surprise,contempt,disgust,happiness,sadness,concentration,confusion,desire,excitement,frustration,glare,andsnarl.FacialExpressions(cont’d)

Regardlessofculture,theseexpressionsarethesame:fear,anger,surprise,contempt,disgust,happiness,andsadness.2.2GesturesThe“OK”signThethumbupandthumbdownsignThe“V”signOthersignsThe“OK”SignAmerica:agreeoreverythingisokLatinAmerica:offensive,similartoshowingyourmiddlefingerFrance:you’reworthlessTurkey:oneishomosexualAustralia:zeroTheThumbUpSignMostAmericanandEuropeancountries -great,approveAustraliaandNigeria -upyoursSomeAsianandIslamiccountries -rudeandoffensiveTheThumbDownSignSthisbadorsthyoudonotapproveof.Sthorsomeonehasfailed.Notusedasoftenasthethumbsupsign.Itisarudeandarrogantwaytoindicatefailure.The“V”signPalmoutward: -two,victory,generalapproval,peaceorfriendPalmfacingyourself -two,insulting(upyours)Others–TheStopSignRaisethehandupwiththepalmfacingtowardstheoppositeperson.Thehandistiltedforward.Fingerspushingdown:sitdownorsettle.SingaporeorMalaysia:to'hail'someone’sattentionoraskingforpermissiontospeak.

Others–TheDogCallSignCurltheindexfingerandtellsomeonetocometoyou.AcceptableintheUKandUS,butrudeinmanyAsiancountries*Philippines:usedonlyfordogs*Singapore:death2.3PosturesWithtwoarmsupintheair:arroganceStandingfirmlyface-to-face:starttofightHandsonthewaist -directintrusionintoothers’affairsShruggingshoulders -indifferent,powerless,havingnosecrettoconcealPostures(cont’d)Followone’snaturalhabitssooftengounnoticed(subconsciousinnature)Maydamageyourimageifyouneglectyourpostures2.4EyeContactDirecteyecontactChinese:avoidNorthAmericans:appreciateTheBritish:avoidEyeContact(cont’d)LookingatthepersonLookingsidewaysEyeContact(cont’d)Durationofeyecontact(inUS):2.95secondsand1.18secondsShorter:shy,uninterested,absent-mindedLonger:withunusuallyhighinterest3. SpaceandDistance3.1 Proxemics3.2 AttitudesTowardCrowding3.1ProxemicsDefinition:thestudyofpeople’sperceptionanduseofspace.Fourcategories:intimate,personal,social,andpublicdistance.CategoriesofDistanceIntimateDistance(0-45cm) -fortheclosestrelation,e.g.acouplePersonalDistance(45-120cm) -friends,old

classmates,acquaintanceandrelativesCategoriesofDistance(cont’d)SocialDistance(1.3-3m) -colleagues,businesspartners,peopleatsocialgatheringsPublicDistance(beyond3m) -speakinginpublicPersonalTerritory

Privatespaceandpersonalspace ReferstothespacepeoplehavefortheirownactivitiesProxemicsTheuseofspaceisdirectlylinkedtothevaluesystemofculture.Personalterritorycanbelargeorsmall,dependingonplace,sex,age,andcharacter.Holdyourgroundandnotbackaway.3.2AttitudesTowardCrowdingAttitudetowardcrowding Chinese:hightolerance Americans:lowtoleranceWayofqueuing Chinese:standcloselytothefront valuetogetherness Americans:keepadistancefromthefront valueapartnessSummaryNonverbalCommunication -definition,functions Kinesics

-definition,facialexpression,gesture,postureSpaceandDistance

-categoriesofdistance,attitudestowardcrowding,wayofqueuingCaseStudyDiscussingroup:ThereasonswhyPeterwasangryandrefusedtotakeChen’sapology.ThereasonswhyChensmiledwhenhewasmakinganapology.HW2Page66: Doyouagreetotheviewthatnonverbalcommunicationismoreimportantthanverbalcommunicationininterculturalcommunication?Why?Dateforsubmission:FeaturesofKinesicsFivetypesofmovementsEmblemsIllustratorsAffectDisplayRegulatoradaptorEmblemsEmb