【解析】广州市荔湾区名校2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末考试英语试卷

第第页【解析】广州市荔湾区名校2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末考试英语试卷登录二一教育在线组卷平台助您教考全无忧

广州市荔湾区名校2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末考试英语试卷

一、阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读理解

In1954,Eleanor-mygrandma-ingreatneedofincome,walkedintotheHarvardMuseumofComparativeZoology.Theresheconvincedsomeofthegreatestscientiststhatshewastheperfectpersonfortheirantcollection.

Asateenager,EleanorspenthourswanderingaroundthehallsoftheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork,flippingthroughgiftshopbooksaboutinsectmounting(固定于载片上).Butthatwasallherexperienceinthefield.

DuringherjobinterviewatHarvard,whenPhilipDarlington,aninfluentialzoologistatthattime,askedEleanoraboutherspecialty,shereplied,"Oh,Ilikeeverything."

"HeprobablyrealizedrightthenthatIhavenothingspecial,"shesays.SheonceworkedinahardwarestoreinNewYork,andshehadnotypingskillstobeasecretary.ShehaddroppedoutoftheTylerSchoolofFineArtstomarry.ButthatartisticbackgroundwasasellingpointfortheHarvardJob,andshewashiredonthespot.

Nowartisticbackgroundarecommonforresearchers.Atthattime,however,hiringawomanwhohaddroppedoutofartschoolwascertainlyarisk.Itpaidoff,Eleanor'sjobasatechnicianrequiredthesamequalitythatartschoolhaddemanded.Shebeganeachdayatthemuseummixingglue(胶水).Thenshepulledthedeadantsfromthecontainersandsetthemouttodry.Someantsweresmall-barely3millimeterslong-requiringpatienceandacarefulhand.Eleanorneededtofixtheantbodieswithaspotofglueandwritealabelforeachofthem.

Thejobrequiredhertoworkquickly,yetcorrectly."Theaveragepersonneverreallyhearsabouttheexpertiseandtheeffortthatgoesintoit."saidWilson,anexpertattheMuseum.Rushingwouldriskruiningararespecimen(标本),butEleanorcouldprocessantsasquicklyandmanyas200aday.Wilsonsaidthatshewasthebesttechnicianwhoeverworkedforhim.

2．WhywasEleanorhired

A．Sheoncestudiedatanartschool.

B．She'smarriedandinneedofmoney.

C．Shewasinterestedinmountinginsects.

D．ShewasexperiencedintheMuseumcareer.

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inparagraph5referto

A．Eleanor'spayment.B．Eleanor'seffort.

C．Eleanor'sartisticbackground.D．Eleanor'sbeinghired.

4．WhydoestheauthorquoteWilson'swordinthelastparagraph

A．ToprovehowpainfulEleanor'sjobis.

B．TohighlightEleanor'soutstandingability.

C．TopraiseEleanor'sbraveryandcreativity.

D．ToprovideevidenceofEleanor'sworkprocess.

5．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesEleanor

A．Ambitious.B．Emotional.C．Creative.D．Skillful.

阅读理解

ThesoukinthecityofFesinMoroccoisanancientshoppingcenterwithlotsofnarrowalleyscrowded,withshopsandstalls.Inthesouk,peoplearemakingdeals.Thisisbusiness.Moroccan-style,andmanypeopleinthesoukarebargaining(议价)ashardastheycan.

Allthesaleshappenfacetoface;it'sverypersonalandverybusy!Thevendors(摊贩)haveeverythingashoppercouldpossiblywant.Therearesandalsnexttofishbowls,andnearby,birdsincageswatchthewholescene.Inthesouk,therereallyissomethingforeveryone.AvisittothesoukisalessoninMoroccanbargainingculture.Forvisitors,thequestionisnotWhatshouldIbuy"but"HowshouldIbuyit"That'swheretheygetarealeducationinmakingadeal.

ADutchcoupletalkaboutwhattheyhavelearnedsofarinthesouk."Youhavetostartsomewherearoundonethirdofthepricetheysayatfirst.Andthenyoubargainupto50percent,"saidthehusband."Andtheygodowntwiceashardaswegoupwiththeprice!Thenyougetitatamuchlowerpricethantheoriginalone,"addedhiswife.It'sreallyagame.TheMoroccansareverygoodatbargainingandprobablythebestintheworld.Visitors,however,hadbetterbecareful!Beginnersatbargainingpaymore.Sometimes20to30percentmorethanthepricetheMoroccanpeoplepay.

Thevendorsofthesoukarenottryingtocheatcustomers.It'smorelikeatesttofindoutwhoisthestrongestbargainer.Therealtestforanybargaineristhecarpetshop,wherethesellersreallypressurecustomerstobuysomething.Sometimes,strongsalesmendon'tgiveupeasily!OneEnglishtouristexplains,"Onceyouendupinashop,yousittheredrinkingtea,andyousay"Idon'twanttobuyanythingButthenhe'slike,Well,justofferaprice...500What'syourbestprice'Andyou'relike,"Wedon'twanttobuyit.'Andtheysaid,"OK,300!"

6．Whydoestheauthormentionbirdsincagesinparagraph2

A．Todescribewhatthemarketlookslike.

B．Toshowtherearevariousshoppingchoices.

C．Tointroduceasymboloftheshoppingcenter.

D．Tocomparedifferentgoodsdisplayedatstalls.

7．WhatdotheDutchcouplemainlysuggestaboutbargaining

A．Bargaindowntohalfprice.B．Startwithahighprice.

C．Startlowandthengoup.D．Turntothelocalforhelp.

8．WhatcanbeconcludedfromtheEnglishtourist

A．Customersshouldavoidbeingcheated.

B．Carpetvendorsaregoodatpromotingsales.

C．Themostpopularproductinthesoukiscarpet.

D．It'shardtogetpeopletobuyjustbypricecutting.

9．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage

A．MakingaDealB．AncientMarketForTrade

C．CleverVendorsD．Face-to-faceShopping

阅读理解

Itwasafalldayin1888.Twocowboyscameacrosswhatlookedlikeatallcitycarvedintoacliff.Itlookedemptyandlonely.Theonlysoundswerethewhistlingwindandthecrunchoficeunderfoot.Wherewerethey

ThemenhaddiscoveredthecliffhomesoftheancientPuebloatMesaVerde.Soon,archaeologistsrushedtheretolearnmoreaboutthesepeopleoflongago.BuildingsaresomeoftheonlyevidenceslefttotellusaboutpeoplewholivedinwhatisnowthesouthwesternUSmorethan1400yearsago.Atfirst,theancientPueblomovedfromplacetoplace.Afterawhile,theybegantobuildhomeshiddenundercliffs.TheancientPueblowerecreativeskilledcraftpeopleandtalentedartists.Westilldonotknowmuchoftheirstory.Butluckyforustheyleftbehindthesebuildings.

Westudyancientpeoplebylookingatthewaytheylived--fromthestyleoftheirhomestothepicturestheydrew.TheartoftheancientPuebloexplainstheirbeliefs,struggles,anddailylives.Someoftheirartshowspeoplehuntinganimals.Otherartmighttellaboutalegendormakepredictionsaboutthefuture.Butwedon'tknowforsure.

TheancientPueblomadeartusingthematerialstheyhad.Theymadecoloredpaintsusingnearbyplants.Likemanytraditionalpeoplethroughouttheworld,theancientPueblopaintedhandprintsonrock.Theyalsousedsharpstonestocreaterockcarvings.

PotteryalsoprovidescluesaboutthelivesoftheancientPueblo.Theseancientpotsanddishesareinamazinglygoodshape,whichseemstobesittingaroundforsevendaysinsteadof700years.Theyarelikeavividly-writtenhistoricalbooktellingusabouteverydaylivesoftheancientPueblo.

ModernPueblo,includingtheHopiandtheZuni,stillliveinadobe(土胚)houses.SomemodernPuebloliveontopofhillswhileothersliveinmoderncommunities.Theyworkwithscientistsandthegovernmenttoprotecttheheritagesites.Theywantpeopletobeabletolearnabouttheircultureforyearstocome.

10．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1

A．Topresentthefindingofaheritagesite.

B．Totellastoryoftwocowboys'expedition.

C．TodescribetheenvironmentofMesaVerde.

D．Tointroducethetopicofheritageprotection.

11．Whatdoarchaeologistsfindinthecliffruins

A．AncientPueblosonlylefttheirbuildings.

B．Rockpaintingswereusedtopredictfuture.

C．Potterythererevealsstoriesoftheancienttimes.

D．AncientPuebloshavesimilarlifestyleswithothertribes.

12．Whatrhetoricaldevicewasusedintheunderlinedsentence

A．Personification.B．Repetition.

C．Quote.D．Simile.

13．HowdomodernPuebloprotecttheirtradition

A．Theyworkwiththegovernment.

B．Theyliveinhousesoftheirancestors.

C．Theyguidepeopletotheirancienthome.

D．Theystaytogetherwiththeircommunity.

二、七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分。)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Asweallknow,theuniverseincludestheSunandEarth,theplanetsandmoons,thegalaxies,starsandotherformsofmatterandenergy.14．.

Withintheuniversearebillionsofgalaxies.AgalaxysuchasourownMilkyWaycontainsbillionsofstars.15．Likemanystars,theSunisorbitedbyplanet,comets,andbillionsofstarsandasteroids.Togethertheyformasolarsystem,aroundwhichtheEarthmoves.

Scientiststhinkthatbeforetheuniverseexisted,allmatterandenergyweregatheredinatinypoint.Thenthepointexploded.ThisexplosioniscalledtheBigBang.AftertheBigBang,theuniverseexpandedatanamazingrate.16．Ittookabout400millionyearsforthestarsandgalaxiestoform.Earthandtherestofthesolarsystemcameintobeingabout9billionyearsaftertheBigBang.

Westillhavemuchtolearnabouttheuniverse.Oneimportantquestionremainsunanswered:DoeslifeexistbeyondEarthScientistsdonothavetheanswer.Theyholddifferentideasaboutit.17．.Othersbelievethattherearethousandsofworldswithpeopleoranimalslivingthereyettobediscovered.Butnoonecansayforsure.

18．Somethinkthattheuniversemaycontinuetoexpandforever.Othersfeelthatthegalaxies,solarsystemsandplanetsmightsomedaybetornapart.Whateverhappenstotheuniverse,don'tworry--it'snotgoingtohappenforbillionsofyears!

A.OneofthoseistheSun.

B.TheSunandtheEartharealsointhesolarsystem.

C.SomepeoplebelievethatpeoplehaveagoodlifeonEarth.

D.Theexpansionthenslowedand,overtime,theuniversecooled

E.Inotherwords,theuniverseincludesspaceandeverythinginit.

F.Scientistsarealsotryingtodeterminewhattheuniversewillbelike.

G.SomethinkthatEarthistheonlyplanetintheuniversewithintelligentlife.

三、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分。)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Twobrotherswholivedonneighboringfarmsfellintoconflict.Itwasthefirstserious19．in40yearsoffarmingsidebyside.Theyhadbeen20．tools,helpingeachotherasneeded.Thenthelongcooperation21．.Asmallmisunderstandinggrewintoamajordifference,whichexplodedintoanexchangeof22．words.

Onemorningtheelderbrotherfoundacarpenter(木匠)outsidehishouselookingforjobs.Theelderbrotherpointedtothecreek(水渠)betweenthetwofarms,andsaid"Myneighbor,infact,myyoungerbrotherisonthatfarm,andwedon't23．.Lastweekhedugavery24．creekbetweenourfarmsjustto25．me.Iwantyoutobuildmesomethingsothatwedon'thavetoseeeachother'sfacefromacross."

Thecarpentersaid"IthinkIunderstandthe26．.Iwillbeabletodoajobthatwillpleaseyou"Thecarpenterworkedhardallthatdaymeasuring,sawing,nailing.

Atsunsetwhenthecarpenterhadfinishedhisjob,theelderbrother'seyesopenedwideandhisjaw27．.Whatthecarpenterbuiltwasa28．connectingonesideofthecreektotheother!Tohissurprise,hisbrother29．thecreektomeethimwitha30．smileandarmswideopentohughim.

"Youarereallykind,mybrother!Inspiteofmyrudebehavior,youstillinsistthatbloodrelationscan31．bebroken!Iamtruly32．formybehavior,"saidtheyoungerbrother.

Thentheysawthecarpentercarriedhistoolboxonhisshoulder."Whynotstayforafewmoredays"askedtheelderbrother.

"I'dlovetostay,"thecarpentersaid,"butIhavemore33．tobridge!"

19．A．crackB．droughtC．stressD．moment

20．A．gatheringB．harvestingC．sellingD．sharing

21．A．wentoffB．carriedonC．fellapartD．madeup

22．A．proudB．bitterC．joyfulD．hesitant

23．A．makesenseB．settledown

C．getalongD．fallinlove

24．A．shallowB．cleanC．fantasticD．wide

25．A．attractB．pleaseC．contactD．annoy

26．A．situationB．reasonC．arrangementD．complaint

27．A．tightenedB．droppedC．relaxedD．ached

28．A．roadB．houseC．bridgeD．fence

29．A．destroyedB．dugC．filledD．crossed

30．A．coldB．bigC．ironicD．comforting

31．A．easilyB．totallyC．neverD．always

32．A．respectfulB．sorryC．happyD．moved

33．A．gapsB．problemsC．argumentsD．rivers

四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题15分，满分15分。)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

BeijingOperaisanationaltreasureofChina.Itdatesbacktothelate18thcentury.Atthattime,fourHuibanOperaTroups(徽班)enteredthecapital34．(celebrate)Qianlong'sbirthday.AlthoughitiscalledBeijingOpera,35．(it)originsarenotinBeijingbutinAnhuiandHubei.

Therearefourmainroles:sheng,dan,jing,chou.Shengisthemaleroles,danisthefemaleroles,chouisclownrolesandjingisroles36．brightly-paintedfacemasks.Thedifferentcolorsofthefacesrepresentdifferentcharactersandeachrolehasits37．(fix)singingandactingstyles.SoBeijingOperaisa38．(combine)ofacting,talking,singing,dancing,andmusic.

MeilanfangisafamousChinesenameintheworldofBeijingOpera.SincehevisitedJapanin1919,PekingOpera39．(become)moreandmorepopularwithpeoplearoundtheworld.Thepaintedfaceimpressespeoplemost!Manyfindit40．(fascinate)!

Butthemusicisveryloudandtheperformersusuallysingin41．extremelyloudstyle.Thatisbecauseintheearlydays,BeijingOpera42．(perform)mostlyonopen-airstagesinstreets,tea-housesorcourtyard,43．theyplayedloudlysothatthecrowdscanhearclearer.

五、单句填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)

44．Theykeepalistofpeoplewhoare(愿意)toworknights.

45．Thegirlis(坚定的)tosucceed.

46．Hesearchedhis(记忆)forananswer.

47．Youshouldeatwellanddosome(常规的)exercise.

48．She(小声说)hersecrettome.

49．Iamwritingtoextendmy(祝贺).

50．Shelookedbackonhercareerwithgreat(满意).

51．Tigerandlion(属于)tothecatfamily.

52．I(逐渐)calmeddownandregainedmypeace.

53．Thestudywillhelpusto(评估)theimpactofrecentchanges.

六、选词填空(共15小题，每空1分，满分15分)

根据短文选择适当的单或短语填空，每空只填一个单词，必要时要作适当的形式变化。注意备选词中有多余的词汇。

tookchargeoflookedforwardtoisconcernedaboutsignedisacknowledgedassignaledgeniusextraordinaryawareofeditorSeekingabsorbedinatmospheredisasterflexibleclapping

LudwigvanBeethovenwasaGermancomposer.He54．oneofthegreatestcomposersinthehistoryofmusic.InFebruary1824,thefamousGermancomposer'sninthsymphonywasfinallycompleted.Asheproudly55．hisnameatthebottomofthepage,Beethoventriedtoimaginehowpeoplewouldrespondwhentheyhearditforthefirsttime.Beforetheperformance,thebackstage56．ataveryfamoustheatreinViennawastense.Beethovenwasafraidthattheperformancewouldbea57．.Afterall,whatuseisaconductorwhocouldnothearhisorchestra-evenifheisamusical58．

Theaudiencedidnothesitatetoapplaud(鼓)loudlyasthe59．composerwalkedoutontothestageforthefirsttimein12years.Thetheatre'smusicaldirector,Michaeljoinedhimandtogetherthetwomen60．theorchestra.Formorethananhour,Beethovenjumpedaboutinfrontoftheorchestra,wavinghisarmswildlyintheair,andmadlyturningthepagesofhisscore.

Asthefinal,joyousnote61．theendofthesymphony,theaudiencejumpedtotheirfeet,62．andcheering.ButBeethovencontinuedconducting,still63．hisperformance.ItwasnotuntilCaroline,oneofthesingers,tookhisarmandturnedhimtofacetheaudiencethatthegreatmanrealizedhissymphonywasasuccess.

七、书面表达(共1题，满分25分)

64．你校举办"我最崇拜的科学家"的英文手抄报比赛。请为此写一篇人物简介，内容包括：

1.科学家介绍；

2.你崇拜的原因；

注意：

1.写作词数应为100左右；

2.文章标题已给出，不计入总词数；

3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

TheScientistIAdmireMost

答案解析部分

【答案】2．A

3．C

4．B

5．D

【知识点】推理判断题；故事阅读类；记叙文

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了的奶奶在HarvardMuseumofComparativeZoology成为收集蚂蚁的最佳人选的故事以及她的工作的相关情况。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"ButthatartisticbackgroundwasasellingpointfortheHarvardJob,andshewashiredonthespot."但她的艺术背景是哈佛工作的一个卖点，她当场就被录用了。可知，聘用埃莉诺是因为她曾在一所艺术学校学习。故选A。

3．考查代词指代。根据第四段中的"ButthatartisticbackgroundwasasellingpointfortheHarvardJob,andshewashiredonthespot."但她的艺术背景是哈佛工作的一个卖点，她当场就被录用了；以及第五段中的"Nowartisticbackgroundarecommonforresearchers."现在，艺术背景对研究人员来说很常见。可知，此处的It指的是上文提到的"艺术背景"，故选C。

4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Rushingwouldriskruiningararespecimen(标本),butEleanorcouldprocessantsasquicklyandmanyas200aday.Wilsonsaidthatshewasthebesttechnicianwhoeverworkedforhim."匆忙可能会毁掉一个罕见的标本，但埃莉诺可以快速处理蚂蚁，一天多达200只。威尔逊说她是他手下最好的技术员。可知，在最后一段引用威尔逊的话是为了突出埃莉诺的杰出能力。故选B。

5．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Rushingwouldriskruiningararespecimen(标本),butEleanorcouldprocessantsasquicklyandmanyas200aday.Wilsonsaidthatshewasthebesttechnicianwhoeverworkedforhim."匆忙可能会毁掉一个罕见的标本，但埃莉诺可以快速处理蚂蚁，一天多达200只。威尔逊说她是他手下最好的技术员。"可知，Eleanor是技术熟练的。故选D。

【答案】6．B

7．C

8．B

9．B

【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类；文章大意

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了摩洛哥菲斯市的露天市场是一个古老的购物中心，有许多狭窄的小巷，挤满了商店和摊位。在这个露天市场，物品应有尽有。顾客们来到这里买东西的必备技能是"讨价还价"，而商贩们尤其是地毯摊贩也是很擅长推销的。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

6．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Thevendors(摊贩)haveeverythingashoppercouldpossiblywant."摊贩有顾客可能想要的一切。提到了这里有顾客想要的一切东西，可推知"Therearesandalsnexttofishbowls,andnearby,birdsincageswatchthewholescene."鱼缸旁边放着草鞋，旁边的笼子里有鸟儿在观看整个场面。其中"鱼缸"，"草鞋"，"笼子里的鸟儿"是举例说明"这里有各种购物选择"。故选B。

7．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"‘Youhavetostartsomewherearoundonethirdofthepricetheysayatfirst.Andthenyoubargainupto50percent,'saidthehusband.‘Andtheygodowntwiceashardaswegoupwiththeprice!Thenyougetitatamuchlowerpricethantheoriginalone,'addedhiswife.""你必须从他们最初所说价格的三分之一左右开始。然后再砍价到50%。"丈夫说。"而且他们降价的力度是我们涨价的两倍!"这样你就能以比原价低得多的价格买到它。"可知，关于讲价，这对夫妇建议从原价的三分之一开始，然后再讲到原价的50%，这样能以比原价低得多的价格买到商品，即，讲价由低开始，再提高。故选C。

8．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Onceyouendupinashop,yousittheredrinkingtea,andyousay‘Idon'twanttobuyanything.'Butthenhe'slike,‘Well,justofferaprice...500What'syourbestprice'Andyou'relike,‘Wedon'twanttobuyit.'Andtheysaid,‘OK,300!'"一旦你走进一家商店，坐在那里喝茶，你说"我什么都不想买"，然后他就说，好吧，开个价……500你们的最低价是多少'你会说，"我们不想买它。"他们说："好吧，300!"可知，在游客表达出自己什么都不买的想法之后，地毯摊贩仍然能够将自己的地毯进行"自我降价"式的推销。可推知，地毯摊贩善于促销。故选B。

9．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"ThesoukinthecityofFesinMoroccoisanancientshoppingcenterwithlotsofnarrowalleyscrowded,withshopsandstalls.Inthesouk,peoplearemakingdeals."摩洛哥菲斯市的露天市场是一个古老的购物中心，有许多狭窄的小巷，挤满了商店和摊位。在露天市场，人们在做交易。点明了文章的中心话题，即，文章主要介绍了一个位于摩洛哥菲斯市的露天市场，在后文段落讲到如何在这里讨价还价，这里的商贩们又是如何推销售卖的。因此，"古代贸易市场"适合做文章的标题，故选B。

【答案】10．D

11．D

12．D

13．A

【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代普韦布洛人的悬崖家园，我们通过观察古人的生活方式来研究他们——从他们的房屋风格到他们画的画；以及古代普韦布洛人的一些生活情况。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。

10．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Itwasafalldayin1888.Twocowboyscameacrosswhatlookedlikeatallcitycarvedintoacliff.Itlookedemptyandlonely.Theonlysoundswerethewhistlingwindandthecrunchoficeunderfoot.Wherewerethey"那是1888年秋天的一天。两个牛仔来到了一个看起来像是雕刻在悬崖上的高大的城市。它看起来空荡荡的，寂寞的。唯一的声音是呼啸的风声和脚下冰的嘎吱声。他们在哪里？；以及第二段中的"ThemenhaddiscoveredthecliffhomesoftheancientPuebloatMesaVerde.Soon,archaeologistsrushedtheretolearnmoreaboutthesepeopleoflongago."这些人在梅萨维德发现了古代普韦布洛人的悬崖家园。很快，考古学家们就赶到那里去了解更多关于很久以前这些人的情况。可推知，第一段的目的是引入遗产保护的话题。故选D。

11．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的"Theymadecoloredpaintsusingnearbyplants.Likemanytraditionalpeoplethroughouttheworld,theancientPueblopaintedhandprintsonrock.Theyalsousedsharpstonestocreaterockcarvings."他们利用附近的植物制作彩色颜料。像世界上许多传统民族一样，古老的普韦布洛人在岩石上画手印。他们还用锋利的石头雕刻岩石。可知，考古学家在悬崖遗址中发现古代普韦布洛人与其他部落有着相似的生活方式。故选D。

12．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"PotteryalsoprovidescluesaboutthelivesoftheancientPueblo.Theseancientpotsanddishesareinamazinglygoodshape,whichseemstobesittingaroundforsevendaysinsteadof700years.Theyarelikeavividly-writtenhistoricalbooktellingusabouteverydaylivesoftheancientPueblo."陶器也为了解古代普韦布洛人的生活提供了线索。这些古老的锅碗瓢盆保存得出奇的好，它们似乎只放置了7天，而不是700年。它们就像一本生动的历史书，告诉我们古代普韦布洛人的日常生活。可知，上文提到陶器也为了解古代普韦布洛人的生活提供了线索，like表示"像"，即把这些陶器比喻成历史书，可以让我们了解古代普韦布洛人的日常生活。即划线句用了比喻修辞手法。故选D。

13．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Theyworkwithscientistsandthegovernmenttoprotecttheheritagesites."他们与科学家和政府合作保护遗产遗址。可知，现代普韦布洛人与政府合作保护他们的传统。故选A。

【答案】14．E；15．A；16．D；17．G；18．F

【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了宇宙的诞生、构成以及对宇宙未来的预测。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科普类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

14．根据空前"Asweallknow,theuniverseincludestheSunandEarth,theplanetsandmoons,thegalaxies,starsandotherformsofmatterandenergy."我们都知道，宇宙包括太阳和地球，行星和卫星，星系，恒星和其他形式的物质和能量。可知，上文提到了宇宙包含许多东西，空处是段末句，对上文进行总结，E.Inotherwords,theuniverseincludesspaceandeverythinginit."也就是说，宇宙包括空间和其中的一切"符合语境，故选E。

15．根据空前"AgalaxysuchasourownMilkyWaycontainsbillionsofstars."像我们的银河系这样的星系包含数十亿颗恒星，提到银河系包含数亿颗恒星；以及空后"Likemanystars,theSunisorbitedbyplanet,comets,andbillionsofstarsandasteroids."像许多恒星一样，太阳被行星、彗星以及数十亿颗恒星和小行星所环绕。举出了太阳这颗恒星，A.OneofthoseistheSun."其中一颗是太阳"符合语境，故选A。

16．根据空前"AftertheBigBang,theuniverseexpandedatanamazingrate."大爆炸之后，宇宙以惊人的速度膨胀；以及空后"Ittookabout400millionyearsforthestarsandgalaxiestoform."恒星和星系的形成花了大约4亿年。可知，上文提到了宇宙以惊人的速度膨胀，下文提到恒星和星系形成过程漫长，因此本句应是说宇宙膨胀速度减缓，D.Theexpansionthenslowedand,overtime,theuniversecooled"膨胀变慢了，随着时间的推移，宇宙冷却了"符合语境，故选D。

17．根据空前"Oneimportantquestionremainsunanswered:DoeslifeexistbeyondEarthScientistsdonothavetheanswer.Theyholddifferentideasaboutit."一个重要的问题仍未得到解答：地球之外是否存在生命？科学家们没有答案。他们对此有不同的看法；以及空后"Othersbelievethattherearethousandsofworldswithpeopleoranimalslivingthereyettobediscovered."另一些人则认为，有成千上万的世界有人类或动物居住在那里，尚未被发现。可知，上文提到一个尚未得到解答的问题，后文提到了另一些人的看法，G.SomethinkthatEarthistheonlyplanetintheuniversewithintelligentlife."有些人认为地球是宇宙中唯一有智慧生命的行星"符合语境，故选G。

18．根据空后"Somethinkthattheuniversemaycontinuetoexpandforever.Othersfeelthatthegalaxies,solarsystemsandplanetsmightsomedaybetornapart.Whateverhappenstotheuniverse,don'tworry—it'snotgoingtohappenforbillionsofyears!"有些人认为宇宙可能会永远膨胀下去。另一些人则认为，星系、太阳系和行星有一天可能会被撕成碎片。不管宇宙发生了什么，不要担心——几十亿年内都不会发生！可知，本段主要是关于对未来宇宙的样子进行的预测，F.Scientistsarealsotryingtodeterminewhattheuniversewillbelike."科学家也在试图确定宇宙的未来可能会是什么样子"符合语境，故选F。

【答案】19．A；20．D；21．C；22．B；23．C；24．D；25．D；26．A；27．B；28．C；29．D；30．B；31．C；32．B；33．A

【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了两兄弟因误解而产生分析，并爆发了激烈的争吵后弟弟在两家田地中间挖了一条宽宽的水渠，这让哥哥很生气，木匠帮他们之间建立了一座桥，化解了他们之间的矛盾的故事。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。

19．句意：这是40年来并肩耕种的第一次严重裂缝。A.crack"裂缝"；B.drought"干旱"；C.stress"压力"；D.moment"时刻"。根据上文"Twobrotherswholivedonneighboringfarmsfellintoconflict."住在附近农场的两兄弟陷入了冲突。可知，因为冲突两个人之间的关系产生了裂缝，故选A。

20．句意：他们一直在分享工具，根据需要互相帮助。A.gathering"收集"；B.harvesting"收获"；C.selling"售卖"；D.sharing"分享"。根据空后"helpingeachotherasneeded."根据需要互相帮助。可知，他们会分享工具，故选D。

21．句意：然后，长期的合作破裂了。A.wentoff"（食物）变坏"；B.carriedon"继续"；C.fellapart"分崩离析"；D.madeup"虚构"。根据上文"Twobrotherswholivedonneighboringfarmsfellintoconflict."住在附近农场的两兄弟陷入了冲突。可知，这里要说的是他们长期的合作破裂了，故选C。

22．句意：一个小小的误解发展成了一个重大的分歧，并爆发成了一场激烈的争吵。A.proud"骄傲的"；B.bitter"激烈的"；C.joyful"令人愉悦的"；D.hesitant"犹豫的"。根据空前"Asmallmisunderstandinggrewintoamajordifference"一个小小的误解发展成了一个重大的分歧，可知，这里说的是产生了激烈的争吵，故选B。

23．句意：我的邻居，事实上，我的弟弟就在那个农场，我们相处不好。A.makesense"合乎情理"；B.settledown"安顿下来"；C.getalong"相处融洽"；D.fallinlove"坠入爱河"。根据上文"Twobrotherswholivedonneighboringfarmsfellintoconflict.Itwasthefirstserious1in40yearsoffarmingsidebyside."住在附近农场的两兄弟陷入了冲突。这是40年来并肩耕种的第一次严重裂缝。可知，此处表示两个人相处的不融洽，故选择C。

24．句意：上周他在我们农场之间挖了一条很宽的水渠，只是为了惹恼我。A.shallow"浅的"；B.clean"清洁的"；C.fantastic"极好的"；D.wide"宽的"。根据下文"Whatthecarpenterbuiltwasa10connectingonesideofthecreektotheother!"木匠建造的是一座连接小溪一边和另一边的桥！可知，这个水渠很宽，故选D。

25．句意：上周他在我们农场之间挖了一条很宽的水渠，只是为了惹恼我。A.attract"吸引"；B.please"使满意"；C.contact"与……取得联系"；D.annoy"使生气"。根据上文"Asmallmisunderstandinggrewintoamajordifference,whichexplodedintoanexchangeof4words."一个小小的误解发展成了一个重大的分歧，并爆发成了一场激烈的争吵。可知，挖水渠是为了使哥哥生气，故选D。

26．句意：我想我了解情况了。A.situation"情况"；B.reason"原因"；C.arrangement"安排"；D.complaint"抱怨"。根据上文"Iwantyoutobuildmesomethingsothatwedon'thavetoseeeachother'sfacefromacross."我想让你给我做点什么，这样我们就不必从对面看到对方的脸。可知，在听了哥哥的介绍和要求后，木匠表时他已经了解情况了，故选A。

27．句意：日落时分，木匠完成了他的工作，哥哥睁大了眼睛，下巴惊掉了下来。A.tightened"加强"；B.dropped"落下，掉下"；C.relaxed"放松"；D.ached"疼痛"。根据上文"theelderbrother'seyesopenedwide"哥哥睁大了眼睛。可知，因吃惊，哥哥睁大眼睛，下巴都快惊掉了，故选B。

28．句意：木匠建造的是一座连接水渠一边和另一边的桥！A.road"路"；B.house"房子"；C.bridge"桥"；D.fence"栅栏"。根据下文"connectingonesideofthecreektotheother"连接水渠一边和另一边。可知，这里说的是木匠建造了一座桥，连接两边，故选C。

29．句意：令他惊讶的是，他的弟弟穿过水渠迎接他，笑容满面，张开双臂拥抱他。A.destroyed"破坏"；B.dug"挖"；C.filled"填满"；D.crossed"横过，穿过"。根据上文"Whatthecarpenterbuiltwasa10connectingonesideofthecreektotheother!"木匠建造的是一座连接水渠一边和另一边的桥！可知，这里说的是弟弟穿过小溪，来迎接他，故选D。

30．句意：令他惊讶的是，他的弟弟穿过水渠迎接他，笑容满面，张开双臂拥抱他。A.cold"冷的"；B.big"大的"；C.ironic"讽刺的"；D.comforting"令人安慰的"。根据空后"armswideopentohughim"张开双臂拥抱他，可知，此处指笑容满面地，故选B。

31．句意：尽管我的行为很粗鲁，但你仍然坚持认为血缘关系永远不会破裂！A.easily"容易地"；B.totally"完全地"；C.never"从不"；D.always"总是"。根据上文"Whatthecarpenterbuiltwasa10connectingonesideofthecreektotheother!"木匠建造的是一座连接小溪一边和另一边的桥！可知，这里说的是弟弟认为哥哥坚持认为血缘关系永远不会破裂，故选C。

32．句意：我真的为我的行为感到抱歉。A.respectful"尊敬的"；B.sorry"抱歉的"；C.happy"高兴的"；D.moved"感动的"。根据空前"Youarereallykind,mybrother!Inspiteofmyrudebehavior,youstillinsistthatbloodrelationscan13bebroken!"你真好，哥哥！尽管我的行为很粗鲁，但你仍然坚持认为血缘关系永远不会破裂！可知，这里说的是弟弟为自己的行为感到抱歉，故选B。

33．句意："我很想留下来，"木匠说，"但我还有更多的缺口要弥补！"A.gaps"缺口"；B.problems"问题"；C.arguments"争论"；D.rivers"河流"。根据上文"Itwasthefirstserious1in40yearsoffarmingsidebyside."这是40年来并肩耕种的第一次严重裂缝；以及"Whatthecarpenterbuiltwasa10connectingonesideofthecreektotheother!"木匠建造的是一座连接水渠一边和另一边的桥！可知，木匠说的是还有很多缺口缝隙，要弥补，故选A。

【答案】34．tocelebrate；35．its；36．with；37．fixed；38．combination；39．hasbecome；40．fascinating；41．an；42．wasperformed；43．where

【知识点】说明文；社会文化类

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了京剧的起源历史以及表演特色。

【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，代词，介词，形容词，名词，时态，冠词，语态，定语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而