2021-2022学年湖南省长沙市铁路第一中学高三英语期末试卷含解析

2021-2022学年湖南省长沙市铁路第一中学高三英语期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries．A．them

B．that

C．which

D．what参考答案：C2.ThebigfireinShanghai,believedto___duetotheburningofconstructionmaterials,caused58deathsanddestroyedallthebelongingsofthepeoplethere．

A．haveoccurred

B．occur

C．havebeenoccurring

D．beoccurring参考答案：A3.Itwillbelongtime_____sheseesMrWhiteagain,_____businesshehasjuststartedinSwitzerland.A.after;who

B.since;who

C.when;whose

D.before;whose参考答案：D试题分析：该题考查复合句。从题干的所用句型和时态可知前部分是句型Itwillbelongtimebefore加从句；逗号之后是一非限制性定语从句，关系词与先行词是所属关系，要用whose,所以选D项。4.Youmaydependon

thatyourparentswillhelpyou.

A．them

B．it

C．before

D．me参考答案：B5.Beckisanhonestbusinessman.Ourcompanyandhishavehadalotof___inthepastfiveyears.

A.deals

B.bargains

C.rewards

D.awards参考答案：A略6.Richardstickstoprinciplesandatthesametimehasflexibility,soheistonegotiatewiththecompetitors________thecommunity.A.onbehalfof

B.onaccountofC.infavorof

D.intermsof参考答案：A【详解】考查介词短语辨析。A.onbehalfof代表，为了……的利益;B.

onaccountof

因为；C.infavorof

有助于，有利于；D.

intermsof

在……方面；

句意：Richard坚持原则的同时也有灵活变通，因此他要与代表社区的对手协商。故A项正确。8.AnearthquakestrucktheIndonesianisland,________about5,000peopleouttosea.A.sweeping

B.tosweepC.swept

D.having

swept【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：

一场地震侵袭了印尼岛，使得5000多人离开小岛。动词短语

sweepsbouttosea=awayfromland

意为“让…离开…”，后句是结果，发生在地震后面，因此使用现在分词短语doingsth表示“意料之中”的结果。故A项正确。7.一Whydochildrenhangstockingsoverthefireplaceforpresents?一Asthestorygoes,tohelpapoorfamily,FatherChristmasthrewasmallbagofgolddownthechimneyanditfellintoastockingthat＿uptodryoverthefireplace.A.

hung

B.hadhung

C.washanging

D.washanged参考答案：C8.IpartmentisaninterestingandpopularcomedyTVseries!Absolutely.Thereisnosuchplay_______youcanfindeverythingaboutloveandlife.A.as

B.which

C.where

D.that参考答案：C考查限制性定语从句的用法。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。9.PekingDuck,______asoneofthebestwaystoeatthedeliciousduck,hasearnedareputationbothathomeandabroad.A.regarded B.regardingC.beingregarded D.toberegarded参考答案：A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:北京烤鸭——被认为是最好的品尝美味的鸭肉的方式之一——享誉国内外。根据句意及分析句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词,且PekingDuck与regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用其过去分词在句中作后置定语。故选A。10.

intoChinese,theEnglishpoemwasfoundtoloseitsoriginalflavour.A．Totranslate

B．Translating

C．Translated

D．Translate参考答案：C11.Thetaxidriverwasputinto

prisonbecausehiscarhadkilled

childcrossingthestreet.

A．a;the

B．a;a

C．不填;a

D．the;a参考答案：C略12.Weusepasswordstokeepourpersonalinformationsecretandsafe，butsomepasswordsweusemaynotbeas

aswethink．A．accurate

B．appropriate

C．complex

D．reliable参考答案：D13.Theyhaveenoughvegetablesandfoodhere.SoIdon'tthinktheyneed______.A.specialanything

B.nothingspecial

C.somethingspecial

D.anythingspecial参考答案：D略14.—IfinditastonishingthatJohnbesorudetome.—Notastonishingatall.Heisalwaysrudetoothers.A.must

B.should

C.might

D.oughtto参考答案：B15.Asisoften

case,watchingfilmsin

English

canbeboth

funandusefulforlanguagelearning.A.the,a

B.the,/

C.a,/

D.a,a参考答案：B34.Canyouimaginethatasmartmanlikehim___________makesuchastupidmistake?A.might

B.should

C.would

D.need参考答案：B略二、完型填空17.完型填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并标在答题卡上。Soonitwouldbetheholidays,butbeforethat,therewerefinal

36

．Allthekidshadbeenworkinghardforsometime,reviewingtheir

37

．Iftheydidn’tpasstheexams,theywouldhaveto

38

theminSeptember．Therewereusuallyafewwho

39,butJanedidn’twanttobeoneofthem．Shehadworkedhardallyear,butshewasworkingsohardthathermother

40

her．Shewenttobedtoolate．Thenightbeforethebigday,hermother

41

thatsheshouldhaveanearlynightandtakeasleepingpill．Shepromisedto

42

herupinthemorning．Janewastoo

43

tofallasleep．Hermindkeptjumpingfromsubjecttosubject．Atlast,the

44

didwork．Innotimeatall,shewassittingintheexaminationhall,lookingatthepaper,butshecouldn’tanswer

45

ofthequestions．Everyone

46

herwaswritingpagesandpages．

47

shethoughthard,shecouldn’tfindanythingtowriteabout．Fromtimetotimeshelookedather

48

．Timewasrunning

49

．Therewasonlyanhourto

50

．Shestartedonequestion,wrotetwosentences,

51

andtriedanother．Withonlyhalfanhourleftshewrote

52

twosentences．Bythistimeshewassoworriedthatshestarted

53

．Herwholebodyshook．Itshooksomuchthatshewokeup．Shewasstillinbedandithadallbeenaterrible

54

．Aminutelater,

55

calledhername．36．A．harvests B．exams C．reports D．papers37．A．exercises B．jobs C．books D．lessons38．A．take B．write C．attend D．do39．A．cheated B．succeeded C．passed D．failed40．A．caredfor B．feltproudof C．worriedabout D．thoughthighlyof41．A．insisted B．agreed C．promised D．allowed42．A．ring B．wake C．bring D．pick43．A．sad B．tired C．happy D．nervous44．A．dream B．pill C．suggestion D．music45．A．all B．none C．any D．some46．A．aheadof B．behind C．infrontof D．around47．A．Unless B．However C．Though D．As48．A．watch B．paper C．teacher D．book49．A．up B．down C．out D．over50．A．run B．leave C．remain D．go51．A．gaveout B．gaveup C．putoff D．putout52．A．another B．more C．other

D．theother53．A．thinking B．dreaming C．crying D．writing54．A．exam B．dream C．story D．night55．A．hermother B．herteacher C．aclassmate D．afriend参考答案：36-40bdadc41-45abdbc46-50dcacd51-55bacba三、阅读理解18.Themostcomplexobjectknowntohumanityisthehumanbrain—andnotonlyisitcomplex,butitisoneofthefewnaturalphenomenathatsciencehasnoconsciousnessof.Totrytoreplicate(复制)somethingthatissopoorlyunderstoodmaythereforeseemlikepride.Butyouhavetostartsomewhere,andInternationalBusinessMachines(IBM)andtheEcolePolytechniqueFederaledeLausanne(EPFL),inSwitzerland,proposetostartbyreplicating“insilico”,oneofthebrain’sbuildingblocks.Inapartnershipannounced,thetwoorganizationssaidtheywouldbeworkingtogethertobuildasimulation(模拟)ofastructureknownasaneo-cortical（新大脑皮质的）columnonatypeofIBMsupercomputerthatiscurrentlyusedtostudythemolecularfunctioningofgenes.Ifthatworks,theyplantousemorepowerfulcomputerstolinksuchsimulatedcolumnstogetherintosomethingthatmimics（模仿)abrain.Inarealbrain,aneo-corticalcolumnisacylindrical（圆柱形的）elementaboutathirdofamillimeterindiameterandthreemillimeterslong.Itisthesecolumns,arrangedsidebysidelikethecellsofahoneycomb,whichmakeupthefamous“greymatter”thathasbecomeshorthandforhumanintelligence.TheBlueGene/Lsupercomputerthatwillbeusedforthesimulationconsistsofenoughindependentprocessorsforeachtobeprogrammedtomimicanindividualnervecellinacolumn.TheEPFL’scontributiontotheBlueBrainProjectwillbetocreateadigitaldescriptionofhowthecolumnsbehave.ThedatabasefromitsBrainMindInstitutewillprovidetherawmaterialforthesimulation.Biologistsandcomputerscientistswillthenconnecttheartificialnervecellsupinawaythatmimicsnature.Theywilldosobyassigningelectricalproperties（电能）tothem,andtellingthemhowtocommunicatewitheachotherandhowtheyshouldmodifytheirconnectionswithoneanotherdependingontheiractivity.Thatwillbenomeanfeat.Evenasinglenervecelliscomplicated,notleastbecauseeachonehasabout10,000connectionswithothers.Andnervecellscomeingreatvariety—relying,forexample,ondifferentchemicaltransmitterstocarrymessagesacrossthoseconnections.Eventually,however,adigitalrepresentationofanentirecolumnShouldoccur.AssumingthatthegrowthofcomputingpowercontinuestofollowMoore’sLaw,theleaderofIBM’ssidethinksitshouldbepracticaltomimicanentirehumanbraininsilicothiswayintentofifteenyears.Suchanartificialbrainwould,ofcourse,beapowerfulresearchtool.Itwouldallowneurologicalexperimentsthatcurrentlytakedaysina“weblab”tobeconductedinseconds.Theresearchershopethattheirsimulatedbrainwillrevealthesecretsofhowcertainpsychiatricandneurological,disordersdevelop.Butthatisprobablynottherealreasonfordoingit.Themostinterestingquestion,surely,iswhethersuchanartificialbrainwillbeintelligent,orconscious,orboth.62.Inarealbrain,aneo-corticalcolumn____________.A.lookslikethecellsofahoneycombB.isasimulationofastructureC.isthefamous“greymatter”D.containsalargenumberofnervecells63.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Thatwillbenomeanfeat”inParagraph5indicate?A.Itisratherdifficulttoconnecttheartificialnerveceilsup.B.Thefunctionofchemicaltransmittersishardtounderstand.C.Adigitalrepresentationofanentirecolumnistime-consuming.D.Asinglenervecelliscomplicatedtoidentifyacrossconnections.64.Thefundamentalpurposeofdoingtheresearchisprobably____________.A.tosimulateanentirehumanbraininsilicoB.totellushowsomecertaindisordersemergeC.todiscoverhowtheartificialbrainwouldworkD.toexaminewhetherMoore’sLawisstillfunctioning65.Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?A.Asciencefiction B.AresearchreportC.Anofficialdocument D.Acomputeradvertisement参考答案：DACB19.Everytimeanewyeariscoming,peoplesetouttobetterthemselves.Theypromisetheywillloseweight,findanewjob,ormaybeeventakethatvacationthey’vealwaystalkedabout.Butwhydowemakethesepromisestoourselves,andwheredidthistraditioncomefrom?Whydoesthistraditionliveonwhensomanypeoplefailtokeeptheresolutions(决定)theymade?Well,wecanstartbyblamingtheancientBabylonians.Around4,000yearsagoinBabylon,theearliestrecordedcelebrationhonoringthecomingofanewyearwasheld.Calendarsweren’tastheyaretoday,sotheBabyloniansdiditinlateMarchduringthefirstnewmoonaftertheSpringEquinox(春分).Thefestivitiesweremeantfortherebirthofthesungod,buttheBabyloniansmadepromisesinordertopleasetheirgods.Theyfeltthiswouldhelpthemstartthenewyearoffwell.ResolutionscontinuedonwiththeRomans.WhentheearlyRomancalendarnolongersynced(同步)upwiththesun,JuliusCaesardecidedtomakeachange.HeconsultedwiththebestastronomersandmathematiciansofthetimeandintroducedtheJuliancalendar,whichmorecloselyrepresentsthemoderncalendarweusetoday.CaesardeclaredJanuary1thefirstdayoftheyeartohonorthegodofnewbeginnings,Janus.TheRomanscelebratedtheNewYearbyofferingsacrificestoJanus.Tothisday,thetraditionsoftheancientBabyloniansandRomanscontinue

aroundtheworld.SomuchthatGooglelaunchedaResolutionMapin2013wherepeoplecouldaddresolutionsandseeothersaddingtheirsinrealtime.However,nomatterhowmanypeopleparticipatedinGoogle’sproject,thenumbersarebleakwhenitcomestothenumberofpeoplewhomaintaintheirresolutionsonlyeightpercentofpeoplearesuccessfulinstickingthemout.8．WhydidtheancientBabyloniansmakepromisestotheirgods?A．Tohonorthegodofnewbeginnings.B．Toobservetherebirthofthesungodandpleasehim.C．Tohonorthecomingofanewyearandsatisfytheirgods.D．Topleasetheirgodsandhopeforagoodstartoftheyear.9．WhatcanweknowaboutthetraditionoftheNewYear’sresolutions?A．ThetraditionofmakingNewYear’sresolutionswillsoondie.B．Alotofpeopledon’tfeellikemakingNewYear’sresolutions.C．JuliusCaesar