2023年考研考博考博英语西南林业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西南林业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Themanager'sjobisnottomakedecisionsbuttocarryoutthedecisionsthedirectormakes.问题1选项A.fulfillB.accomplishC.implementD.affect2.单选题Hetopsamongthebestcarracingofthepastfiftyyears.问题1选项A.projectsB.showsC.displaysD.rates3.翻译题通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。4.翻译题ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.5.单选题AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.问题1选项A.surelyB.eventuallyC.preciselyD.consequently6.单选题Thelossofhis______stemsfromgivingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.问题1选项A.credibilityB.cradleC.corruptionD.convention7.单选题Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.问题1选项A.dissipatedB.indulgedC.unscrambledD.took8.写作题Inrecentyears,moreandmoreuniversitygraduatesgobacktotheirhometownintheruralareasandworkthereasteachersorvillagePartysecretaries,etC.afterobtainingtheirbachelorormasterdegrees.Somepeoplesaywhattheydogoesagainstconvention.Otherssaytheruralareasaredesperatelyinneedofskilledadministrators.Thenshoulduniversitygraduatesgotoworkinaruralarea?What’syouropinionaboutthisphenomenon?WriteapassageonthetopicIsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaaWasteofTalent?inabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.（写在试题册上无效。）IsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaAWasteofTalent?9.单选题Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?”Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsaren'tthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattenD.Forthosewhoturnedupattheirreunions,then,theoldtimeswerealsothegoodtimes!ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondnessforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.Majorleaguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgroups,highschoolandcollegegraduates,andformerBoyScoutsallholdreunionsonaregularbasis.Inaddition,familyreunionsfrequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfarawayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimetoreunite.Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithfriends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobablynodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericanshavecreatedamind-bogglingnumberandvarietyofinstitutionalizedformsofgatheringstofacilitatethesatisfactionofthisdesire.Indeed,reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleventsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,intheprocess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saysthatChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseachyear.Aconservativeestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,000annually.Atonetime,allhighschoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,usuallyfemalehomemakers.Inthelastfewyears,however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasinglybeingplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-timevolunteers.ThefirstcollegereunionwasheldbythealumniofYaleUniversityin1792.GraduatesofPennsylvania,Princeton,Stanford,andBrownfollowedsuit.Andbytheendofthe19thcentury,most4-yearinstitutionswereholdingalumnireunions.Thevarietyofcollegereunionsisimpressive.AtPrinceton,alumniparadethroughthetownwearingtheirclassuniformsandsingingtheiralmamater.AtMariettaCollege,theygatherforadinner-danceonasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiver.Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshipormarchingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,byitself,sufficientreasonforlargenumbersofalumnitoreturntocampus.Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.Inanefforttoenhancethiscommonidentity,largercollegesanduniversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparticipationinsmallerunits,suchasdepartmentsorschools.Ortheyencourage“affinityreunions”forgroupsofformercheerleaders,editors,fraternitymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizationsoncampus,andthelike.Ofcourse,noteveryalumnusisfondofhisorheralmamater.Studentswhograduatedduringthelate1960smaybeespeciallyreluctanttogetinvolvedinalumnievents.Theywerepartofthegenerationthatconductedsit-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrators,protestedmilitaryrecruitmentoncampusandmarchedagainst“establishmentpolitics.”Ifthisgenerationhasacommonidentity,itmayfalloutsideoftheiruniversityties—orevenbehostiletothem.Evenastheyentertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetoholdunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthisperiodmaynotwishtoattendclassreunions.1.Accordingtothepassage,Sparacino'sstudy___.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadistinctfeatureofU.S.classreunions?3.Whatmainlyattractsmanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?4.Therhetoricalfunctionofthefirstparagraphisto___.5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?问题1选项A.providedstrongevidenceforJaffe’sstatementB.showedthatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstudyC.foundthatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexperienceD.foundevidenceforattendees'intensedesireforshowingoffsuccess问题2选项A.U.S.classreunionsareusuallyoccasionstoshowoffone’srecentsuccessB.ReunionsareregularandformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagenciesC.ClassreunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusinessD.Classreunionshavebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities问题3选项A.ThevarietyofactivitiesforclassreunionB.ThespecialstatustheiruniversityenjoysC.SharedexperiencebeyondthecampusD.Sharedundergraduateexperienceoncampus问题4选项A.introduceRonaJaffe’snovelB.presenttheauthor’scounterargumentC.serveaspreludetotheauthor’sargumentD.bringintofocuscontrastingopinions问题5选项A.AhistoricalperspectiveforalumnireunionsintheUnitedStatesB.ReasonsforpopularityandattendanceforalumnireunionsC.AlumnireunionsandAmericanuniversitytraditionsD.Alumnireunionanditssocialandeconomicimplications10.单选题TheHauntedAmericaCountriesarelikelittlehomes;theyhouseanation,holdideologiesandprovidesshelterandcomforttoitspeopleinhopesthattheoccupantswillnurturebetterideasforthemselvesandfurtherflourishhumanity.Suchareprimarydesiresandgoalsofmostcountriesonthissmallplanet.Americaisnoexception.Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.ThebestandbrightestoftheworldgravitatedtothegreatUSAinsearchofgoldenopportunities;inhordestheycame,andenmassetheysettleD.Americabecamethenationwhichacknowledgedgreatnessandprovidedthedrivingforcetoallowthedreamsofsmall,ordinarypeopletotakeformandflourish.Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（质朴的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽灵）andunexplainablesignshaveemergeD.Thisplanet,likeanoldstreet,isalreadyfullofsuchhauntedhouses,whichattimesseemabandoned,lifelessandunabletogiveorreceiveneighborlywarmth;factorssocriticalforanycountryontheglobalscene.CanthisbadlydamagedimageofAmericabefixedtodayandbywhomandatwhatcost?Whatmustitinclude—anewcostume,anewmaskoranewheart?Theseareveryimportantunderlyingquestions,butthebiggestquestionremains—cananentirecountrybebrandedtotherestoftheworldinthesamefashionasabreakfastcerealorlaundrydetergent?Theanswerisaflatno.Onlythebranding-circuswouldcomeupwithsuchafake,superficial,logo-centric-slogan-happyattempttorebuildanationpaintedwithbannersandbillboards.Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.1.Americausedtobethoughtofas___.2.Americaisnowlikenedto___.3.Thewritersuggeststhat___.4.Accordingtothepassagethat___isNOTtrue.5.Themainrhetoricaldeviceofthispassageis___.问题1选项A.aparadisewithoutautocraticrulingB.aplaceofperfecthappinessC.alandofmarvelouschancesD.alloftheabove问题2选项A.anelegantandplainhouseB.anolddead-endstreetC.anoldhauntedmansionD.anabandonedandlifelessplanet问题3选项A.costumeandhearthavethesamefunctionB.laundrydetergentsharesthefashionofthecountry'sbrandC.historyestablishesabrandforitscountryD.logoandsloganplayakeyroleinshapingacountry问题4选项A.acountryshoulddevelopbetterpoliticallyB.depressedpeopleintheworldyearnedforAmericaC.therearemanyhauntedhousesinAmericaD.Americacannotbeidentifiedwithitstradition问题5选项A.simileandmetaphorB.parallelismC.echo-questionD.description11.单选题In1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.问题1选项A.announcedB.followedC.deniedD.proclaimed12.单选题Ican’t___whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.问题1选项A.figureoutB.drawoutC.lookoutD.workout13.单选题Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.问题1选项A.intermsB.inthelongrunC.inviewD.invain14.单选题Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.问题1选项A.short-termB.acuteC.bitterD.long-lasting 15.写作题Wearepayingmoreattentiontothevulnerable(weak)groupsofpeopleinoursociety,suchasthedisabled,thesickelderly,thedivorcedmothers,andchildrenwithrural-workerparentsinbigcities,andetC.Whatisyourattitudetowardsthem?Pleasegiveyouropinion.Youmayfocusonaparticulargrouporthevulnerableasawholegroup.Writeapassageabout200words.Youmustshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youshouldhaveyourowntitle.16.单选题Condemnedtodeath,Socratescouldhaveescapedbutchosetodiebydrinkingpoison—seekingtrutheventothe______end.问题1选项A.strongB.deadC.dyingD.lethal17.单选题SusanTellertraveledandlecturedthroughoutthecountryto___educationandprofessionalskillssothatwomencouldenterthepublicworld.问题1选项A.advocateB.acquireC.proclaimD.prosecute18.单选题Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.问题1选项A.regularB.immediateC.prevalentD.temporary19.单选题McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,1itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichbrandsmadeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.“Wecondemnpeoplefordroppingthisfastfoodlitterinthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshave2messagesforthefastfoodindustry.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto3litteringbytheircustomers.”HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitter4“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreduceunnecessarypackaging,headdeD.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesforthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchersorother5forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat6pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AspokesmanforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomersto7oflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereunder8inManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookits9forlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto10theimpactoflitteroncommunities,butitwas“stilldowntotheindividualcustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognizedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,despitehavingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptackletheissue.问题1选项A.releasingB.dischargingC.foundingD.launching问题2选项A.coherentB.pertinentC.consistentD.redundant问题3选项A.discourageB.forbidC.persuadeD.damage问题4选项A.continuedB.indicateC.remainedD.left问题5选项A.incentiveB.premisesC.stimulusD.proximity问题6选项A.convenientB.strategicC.nearD.eye-catching问题7选项A.proposeB.dissolveC.handleD.dispose问题8选项A.wayB.constructionC.pressureD.government问题9选项A.shoulderB.burdenC.turnD.responsibility问题10选项A.resolveB.dissolveC.minimizeD.dilute20.单选题TruthabouttheEnvironmentFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebookTheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedperheadoftheworld'spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeoplearestarving.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25%-50%,ashassooftenbeenpredicteD.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.Oneformofpollution—thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming—doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelytoposeadevastatingproblem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandthreefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetweenperceptionandreality.Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmediA.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.1.Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthat___.2.Thefactsandfiguresprovidedinparagraphtwosuggestthat___.3.Inparagraphfour,thewriterexpresseshisconcernsabout___.4.ThewriterquotesfromtheWorldWideFundforNaturetoillustratehow___.5.Whatisthewriter'sviewofAmerica'swasteproblem?问题1选项A.theenvironmentisgettingworseandworseB.theenvironmentproblemsinvolvemanyaspectsC.thewriterdoesnotagreewiththestatementsD.thewriterdrawsapictureofenvironmentproblems问题2选项A.thereisamismatchbetweenourunderstandingandrealityB.thebookTheLimitstoGrowthisvaluableC.thereisaneedtoconductasurveyandcorrectthefiguresD.economicgrowthcanhelpalleviateenvironmentproblems问题3选项A.theneedtoproduceresultsB.thelackoffinancialsupportC.theproblemofscientificresearchD.thedesiretosolveallproblems问题4选项A.influentialthemassmediacanbeB.effectiveenvironmentalmovementscanbeC.themassmediacanhelpenvironmentalgroupsraisefundsD.environmentalactivistscanexaggeratetheirclaims问题5选项A.ItwillgetworseasAmerica'spopulationincreasesB.ItisnotasseriousashasbeenassumedtobeC.Itiscausedbypoorpeople'sconceptionD.ItisignoredbecauseUSAislargeinsize第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项fulfill“实现；满足；使结束”；B选项accomplish“完成；实现；达到”；C选项implement“实施，执行；实现，使生效”；D选项affect“影响”。句意：经理的工作不是做决定，而是执行主管做的决定。结合此处关键词makedecision（做决定），得知C选项正确。2.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项projects“计划；设计”；B选项shows“展示，表演”；C选项displays“显示”；D选项rates“比率；等级”。句意：他在过去五十年最好的赛车比赛中名列前茅。结合此处关键短语thebestcarracing（最好的赛车比赛），B，C选项意思相近可以排除，A选项projects（设计）也可排除，D选项rates（等级）最符合词义。3.【答案】Bymeansofdataconsulting,fieldresearch,dataanalysisandexpertconsultation,thispaperscreenedoutthediagnosticmorphologicalindexesofancienttreessuitableforthisarea,establishedthegradingbasisofeachindex,constructedthediagnosticcriteriaofancienttrees'health,andbasedonthecriteria,diagnosedthehealthstatusof86ancienttrees(treenamesaretemporarilyabbreviated)incentralYunnan.Theresultsshowedthatthehealthstatusofancienttreeswasmostlygoodandaverage,withsomedifferencesamongdifferenttreespecies.Theresultswerepositivelycorrelatedwiththegrowthstrengthofancienttrees,whichcouldreflecttherealhealthstatusofancienttrees,andtheapplicationeffectwasgood.Inaddition,thereasonsthataffectthehealthstatusofancienttreesareanalyzed,andcorrespondingsolutionsareputforward.4.【答案】中国梦，是习近平主席提出的指导思想。他认为，这是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想，这个梦想一定能够实现。中国梦的核心目标是实现中华民族伟大复兴。具体来说，就是要实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建设小康社会。只有国家全面科学发展，个人才能实现自己的梦想。同样，只有每个人都充满激情，中国梦才会美丽。5.【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项surely“当然；无疑；坚定地；稳当地”；B选项eventually“最后，终于”；C选项precisely“精确地；恰恰”；D选项consequently“因此；结果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解释并提供的新知识最终得到了发展和确立。结合此处关键词atlength“终究；终归；最终”，得知B为正确答案。6.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项credibility“可信性；确实性”；B选项cradle“摇篮；发源地；发祥地；支船架”；C选项corruption“贪污，腐败；堕落”；D选项convention“大会”。句意：他之所以失去……，是因为他轻易地做出承诺，却从不兑现。根据后文givingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.（轻易地做出承诺，却从不兑现）可以推测他不是一位守信的人，结合句意A选项正确。7.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项dissipated“消散；浪费”；B选项indulged“沉溺；满足；放任”；C选项unscrambled“使……还原；译出；理顺，理清”；D选项took“拿；取；接受”。句意：我们经常……我们的精力在琐碎的工作上。根据单词trivialoccupations（琐碎的工作），可推测我们经常会浪费我们的精力在一些琐碎的工作上，结合此处语境，选项A为正确答案。8.【答案】略。9.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Sparacino'sstudy”可以定位到文章第三段中“Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattend.”，中文翻译为：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇诺发现，作为高中生，参加者比那些选择不参加的同学更受欢迎，更常被视为有吸引力，更多地参与课外活动。可以得知B选项“表明参与者往往在高中学习中表现优异”正确。2.细节事实题。由A选项“美国的班级聚会通常是炫耀自己最近成功的机会。”可以定位到原文第三段“Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.”，中文翻译为：当然，也有一些人回来向他们以前的同学展示他们做得多么好；还有一些人喜欢观察他们同学身上发生的变化（当然，他们自己并不总是这样）。但大多数参加班级聚会的人都是为了重温年轻时的美好时光。因此可知A选项错误，符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.”，中文翻译为：决定参加校友聚会的校友们都有一个共同的身份，这个身份基于他们在一起度过的大学生时代。出于这个原因，那些以某种方式建立了共同纽带的大学——例如，因为它们规模相对较小或特别有声望——往往会吸引大量校友参加聚会。可知B选项“他们大学享有的特殊地位”正确。4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Inhernovelof‘Reunion,AmericanStyle’,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion‘ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?’”中文翻译为：在她的小说《美国风格的重聚》中，罗娜•贾菲暗示，一次班级聚会“不仅仅是一次感伤的旅程。这也是一种回答隐藏在我们所有人内心深处的问题的方式。他们比我做得好吗?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.”，中文翻译为：贾菲的观察也许放错了地方，但并不是完全没有意义。判断出C选项“作为作者论证的前奏。”正确。5.主旨大意题。通读全文判断出答案为A选项“美国校友聚会的历史视角”，D选项“校友聚会及其对社会和经济的影响。”属于文章第四段、第五段内容，B选项“受欢迎和出席校友聚会的原因。”属于文章第二段、第三段的内容，C选项“校友聚会和美国大学传统。”属于文章第六段、第七段、第八段、第九段的内容。10.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.”中文翻译为：几十年来，世界上有数十亿人在可怕的环境中饿着肚子睡觉，经常梦想着美国的自由和自由，他们把美国比作一块伟大的土地，一个天堂和一个最终的目的地。以及第三段“Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.”中文翻译为：不受限制，允许以非凡的自由发表伟大的言论，在人类历史上没有任何其他国家能够在如此大的规模上匹敌。故判断出答案选D。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristinebutknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitionsandunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻译为：但目前看来，这个美国国家的家园似乎开始像那座古老的宅邸，优雅质朴，但众所周知是闹鬼，坐落在那条死胡同的街道尽头，那里出现了鬼魂、神秘的幽灵和无法解释的迹象。可知，A项正确，译为“一所雅致朴素的房子”。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第一段“Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.”中文翻译为：实际上，国家不可能在如此简单的过去过程中就打上烙印，因为国家的历史和文化互动以及可出口的特性已经在几十年甚至几百年的时间里打上烙印。可知，C项正确，译为“历史为国家树立了品牌”。4.细节事实题。由C选项“美国有许多鬼屋”可以定位到原文倒数第三段中“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（质朴的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽灵）andunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻译为：但目前看来，这个美国民族的家园似乎开始像那座古旧的豪宅，优雅质朴，但众所周知是闹鬼，坐落在那条死胡同的尽头，那里有鬼魂、神秘的幽灵和无法解释的迹象。可知此处是一个比喻，故C选项不正确，符合题意。5.推理判断题。A.simileandmetaphor“明喻和暗喻”；B.parallelism“平行；类似，对应”；C.echo-question“反问”；D.description“说明”。本文主要用的是比喻，因此可以推测出A选项正确。11.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项announced“宣布；宣称”；B选项followed“跟着；听从；继承”；C选项denied“拒绝；拒签”；D选项proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德国修道士马丁•路德挑战了某些天主教教义，宣布放弃对教皇的服从。结合此处关键词challenged“挑战”，可排除选项B，C选项不符合题意，也可排除。A选项虽有“宣布”的意思，但不够正式，根据句意，推测马丁•路德的宣布内容应更为正式，得知D选项正确。12.【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项figureout“了解，弄清楚”；B选项drawout“拉长”；C选项lookout“留神，小心”；D选项workout“解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。13.【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项interms“明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项inthelongrun“长远；终究”；C选项inview“在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项invain“徒然；无效”。句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。14.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项short-term“短期的”；B选项acute“严重的，[医]急性的；敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；C选项bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的”；D选项long-lasting“持久的；长期的，持续时间长的”。句意：我们知道，慢性疼痛会扰乱一个人的生活，导致从旷工到抑郁等一系列问题。结合此处关键词chronic“慢性的；长期的；习惯性的”，得知D选项正确。15.【答案】略16.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项strong“强壮的”；B选项dead“无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的”；C选项dying“垂死的；临终的；濒临消亡的；快要结束的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：判处死刑，苏格拉底本可以逃脱但选择喝……毒药寻求真理。根据poison（毒药），A，B，C项都不能与poison（毒药）进行搭配，结合句意，选项D为正确答案。17.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项advocate“提倡，拥护；为……辩护”；B选项acquire“获得；取得；学到；捕获”；C选项proclaim“宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项prosecute“检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行；起诉；告发；做检察官”。句意：苏珊•泰勒在全国各地旅行和演讲，宣扬教育和专业技能，使妇女能够进入公共世界。根据句意，C选项正确。18.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regular“定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical“[数]周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。19.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项release“释放；放出；放走；放开；松开；使自由移动（或飞翔、降落等）；发泄；宣泄”；B选项discharge“卸货；排出”；C选项found“创办（组织）；建立（国家）；以……为基础；熔化”；D选项launching“发射；发动；开始从事”。根据上下文，以及关键字newDirtyPigcampaign“新的脏猪运动”判断出此处表达“发起……运动”，D选项正确。2.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项coherent“连贯的，一致的；明了的；清晰的”；B选项pertinent“相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的”；C选项consistent“始终如一的，一致的；坚持的”；D选项redundant“多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的”。根据上下文，以及关键字forthefastfoodindustry“快餐业”判断出此处表达“和……有关的”，B选项正确。3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项discoura