研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷

研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷(五)PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)Directions:Therearetensentencesinthissection.Eachsentencehasonewordorasetofwordsunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone,markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourAnswerSheet.16.Thelastcensusofthecountry'spopulationgrowthisdiscouraging.A.countB.statementC.agreementD.estimate17.MylibrarycadwillceasetobeeffectiveinthisDecember.A.extolB.expoundC.expireD.explore18.Becauseofalongdrought,thefarmerwasdoubtfulabouttheprospectofagoodyield.A.positiveB.definiteC.dubiousD.grateful19.Evenasachildhehadaverycuriousmind;attheageofthreeheperformedhisfirstexperiment.A.delicateB.indignantC.incidentalD.inquisitive20.TheothermembersoftheCabinetmadefunoftheSecretaryofInteriorwhenhepurchasedAlaskabecauseitwasnotconsideredvaluableatthattime.A.decriedB.deridedC.deterredD.depressed21.CitytaxesarebasedonanestimateA.anappraisalB.aforecastC.adiagnosisD.anoutline22.Althoughrecognizedasoneofthemostbrilliantscientistsinhisfield,professorLeecannotseemtomakehisideasunderstoodinclass.A.gethisideasdownB.gethisideasacrossC.gethisideasupD.gethisideasathome23.Theywerehesitanttomovebecausetheycouldnotgetagoodpricefortheiroldhouse.A.incessantB.reluctantC.negligentD.exorbitant24.Havingdialedtheirnumberalldayonlytohearabusysignal,shebecameimpatientandcalledtheoperatorforassistance.A.integratedB.exasperatedC.alleviatedD.eradicated25.Somespeciesofbacteriaandfungithriveonsimplecompoundssuchasalcohol.A.mixwithB.dowellonC.existinD.floatonSectionB(0.5pointeach)Directions:Therearetensentencesinthissection.Eachsentencehassomethingomitted.Choosethewordorwordsfromthefourchoicesgiventobestcompleteeachsentence.26.Finally,thelongyearsofpovertyandhardwork______him.HewasdownwithTBandneverrecovered.A.toreupB.caughtupwithC.hadtheirrevengeonD.tookahandin27.Tomakethestudentsseetheimportanceofspeaking,theEnglishteachersarereadyto______.A.gotoanylengthB.dothemgoodC.takethemtotaskD.bringthemout28.Peoplewhorefuseto______withthelawwillbepunished.A.obeyB.concealC.consentD.comply29.Thereasonwhythecompanyissuccessfulisduetothefactthattheyproduce______materials.A.superiorB.expensiveCqualityD.worthless30.Comparisonandcontrastareoftenused______inadvertisements.A.extensiveB.effectivelyC.intentionalD.haphazard31.CurrenthiringpoliciesintheUnitedStatesseekto______equalemploymentopportunitiesforwomenandminoritygroups.A.provideB.demandedC.confirmedD.continue32.ThereisnoeasysolutiontoJapan'slabor______.A.declineB.rarityC.vacancyD.shortage33.Ileftfortheofficeearlierthanusualthismorning______trafficjam.A.inlinewithB.incaseofC.forthesakeofD.attheriskof34.Thenewwashingmachinesare______attherateoffiftyaday.A.turnedupB.turnedoutC.turneddownD.turnedin35.Onturningthecorner,wesawtheroad______steeply.A.departingB.decreasingC.descendingD.depressingPARTIIICLOZETEST(10MINUTES,15POINTS)Directions:Readthepassagethrough.Thengobackandchooseoneitemofthemostsuitableword(s)markedA,B,C,orDforeachblankinthepassage.Markthecorrespondingletteroftheword(s)youhavechosenwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourAnswerSheet.Iamalways(36)amusedandannoyedwhenIhear(37)peoplecriticizeEnglishfood."It'sunimaginative,"theysay."It's(38),it'stasteless,it'schipswitheverythingandtotallyover-cookedvegetables.""It'sambitious,"saytheFrench,"(39)youdoisroastswithjam."(Weeatapplesaucewithpork.)That'sthebitthey(40)reallyshocking,butthentheFrenchareeasilyshockedby(41)thataren'tFrench.(42)IaskthesevisitorswheretheyhaveexperiencedEnglishcooking,Iam(43)bytheirreply."inWimpyBarsandMacDonald'sHamburgerrestaurants,"they(44)say.Ihave(45)mycase.Their(46)areinexcusable.Ihavea(47)aboutEnglishcooking,andIwasinterestedtoreadthatseveral(48)cookerywritersagreewithme.Itisthis.Ourbasicingredients,whenfresh,aresofullof(49)thatwehaven'thadto(50)saucesandcomplexrecipestodisguisetheirnaturaltaste.36.A.soB.eitherC.allD.both37.A.strangeB.foreignC.everyD.abroad38.A.boringB.interestingC.nicelazy39.A.whatB.thatC.allD.only40.A.senseB.findC.feelD.see41.A.thingsB.peopleC.eventsD.articles42.A.OnB.WhenC.HoweverD.Perhaps43.A.toldB.terrifiedC.astonishedD.left44.A.togetherB.neverC.oftenD.rarely45.A.lostB.shownC.closedD.won46.A.conclusionsB.friendsC.concernsD.meanings47.A.ideaB.thoughtC.theoryD.news48.A.largeB.someC.highD.famous49.A.favourB.flavorC.flourD.fog50.A.inventB.omitC.admitD.investPARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45MINUTES,30POINTS)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassagesforyoutoread.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA,B,C,orD,andmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.(1)Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoverofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines:theBug-eyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenitdoes,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.Instead,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying--fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysub-genrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.Thefirstpoint--thatsciencefictionisaliterarysub-genreisaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek'sRUR(Rossum'sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasub-genreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral--thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefictionwhethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman'snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.51.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysub-genrebecause______.A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenreB.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentationCithasitslimitsD.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction52.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTusuallycontributetothethemeinapieceofsciencefiction______?A.characterB.rhymeC.plotD.setting53.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.A.popularB.elegantC.fashionableD.accurate54.Anappropriatetitleforthispassagewouldbe_______A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazinesB.ManandtheUniverseC.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFictionD.ATypeofProseFiction55.Theauthor'sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.A.monstersB.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstoriesC.theunfamiliarorunusualD.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction56.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.A.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefictionB.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefictionC.allfictionconsistsofsixbasicelementsD.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction(2)Cans,beercans,shiningontheedgesofamillionofroadways,lyinginscrub,grass,dirt,leaves,sand,mud,butneveridden.Piels,Rheingold,Ballanitine,Schaefer,Schlitz,shininginthesunorpickedbymoonorthebeamsofheadlightsatnightwashedbyrainorflattenedbywheels,butneverdulled,neverburied,neverdestroyed.Hereisthemarkofsavages,thetestamentofwasters,thestainofprosperity.Whoarethesemenwhodefilethegrassybordersofourroadsandlanes,whopolluteourponds,whospoilthepurityofouroceanbeacheswiththeemptyvesselsoftheirthirst?Whoarethemenwhomakethesevesselsinmillionsandthensay,"Drink-anddiscard"?Whatsocietyisthisthatcanaffordtocastawayamilliontonsofmetalandtomakeofwildandfruitfullandagarbageheal?Whatmannerofmenandwomenneedthirtyfeetofsteelandtwohundredhorsepowertotakethem,singly,totheirsmalldestinations?Whodemandthatwhattheyeatiswrappedsothatforestsarecutdowntomakethepaperthatisthrownaway,andwhattheysmokeandchewissealedsothatsealerscanbetossedontograssandcaughtintwigs?Whatkindofmanaffordtomakethestreetsoftheirtownsandcitiesuglywithneonatnight,andtheirroadwayshideouswithsignsbyday,wastingbeauty?Wholeavethewrecksofcarstorotinheals?Whopourtheirtrashintovalleysandmakesmokingmountainsofgarbageforthetowns'rats?Whatmannerofmenchokeoffthelifeinrivers,streamsandlakeswiththewasteoftheirproduce,makingpoisonofwater?Whoisasrichasthat?Slowlythewastersanddespoilersareimpoverishingourland,ournatureandourbeauty,sothattherewillnotbeonebeach,onehill,onelane,onemeadow,oneforestfreefromthedebrisofmanandruinsofhisshamefuldestruction.Whoissorichthathecanwasteforeverthewealthofearthandwaterfortrivialneedsofvanityandfoolishanduncontrollabledemandsofgreed,orsoprosperousinlandthathecansacrificenatureforunnaturaldesires?Theearthweabuseandthelivingthingswekillwillintheendtaketheirrevenge,forinexploitingtheirpresencewearediminishingourfuture.Andwhatwillweleavebehinduswhenwearelongdead?Temples?Gardens?worksofarts?Ormountainsoftwistedandrustedsteel,canyonsofplasticcontainersandamillionmilesofshoresdecoratednotwithlovelyseaplants,butwiththecans,bottles,light-bulbsandboxesofapeoplewhoconservedtheirconvenienceattheexpenseoftheirheritage,andwhoseshort-livedprosperitywasbuiltonwaste?57.Theword"wasteland"refersto______.A.alandthatiswastedB.alandthatiscoveredbywasteC.alandthatisinhabitedbywastersD.alloftheabove58.InPara.1,"Piels,Rheingold,Ballantine,Schaefer,Schlitz"aremostlikelytobe______.A.namesofimaginarytouristsB.cansofdifferentbrandsofbeerC.namesofthoseroadwayscoveredbywasteD.namesofthepeoplewhohaveleftcansontheedgesofroadways59.InPara.2,"theemptyvesselsoftheirthirst"referto______.A.used-updrinkcontainersB.brokenframesofcarsC.emptycupsD.emptygarbagecans60.InPara.3,"thirtyfeetofsteelandtwohinderedhorsepower"simplymeans______.A.alotofenergyB.apileofcansC.anautomobileD.alotofwaste61.Inthepassage,theauthormentionsallthesekindsofwasteEXCEPT______.A.wasteofnaturalbeautyB.wasteofnaturalresourcesC.wasteofmanpowerD.wasteofland62.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TofindoutwhoarethewastersanddespoilersB.TosuggestthewaysofsolvingproblemsofpollutionandwastingC.TofindoutwhoarerichenoughtowasteforeverD.Tomakepeopleawareoftheconsequencesoftheabuseoftheearthandthenaturebyman(3)FromtheU.S.SupremeCourtnowcomesanextraordinarydecisionpermittinginquiriesintothe"stateofmind"ofjournalistsandtheeditorialprocessofnewsorganizations.Thisisperhapsthemostalarmingevidencesofarofadeterminationbythenation'shighestcourttoweakentheprotectionoftheFirstAmendmentforthosewhogatherandreportthenews.Thecourtlastyearupheldtherightofpolicetoinvadenews-paperofficesinsearchofevidence,andreportersinothercaseshavegonetojailtoprotecttheconfidentialityoftheirnotebooks.Undertherecent6-3rulinginalibelcase,theynowfaceachallengetotheprivacyoftheirminds.FewwouldarguethattheFirstAmendmentguaranteesabsolutefreedomofspeechorfreedomofthepress.Slanderandlibellawsstandtothecontraryasaprotectionofanindividual'sreputationagainsttheirresponsiblespreadoffalsehoods.Theeffectofthislatestdecision,however,istomakethelibelsuit,orthethreatofone,aclearinvasionbythecourtsintotheprivatedecision-makingthatconstitutesnewsandeditorialjudgement.Inlandmarkdecisionsof1964and1967,theSupremeCourtestablishedthatpublicofficialsorpublicfiguresringinglibelactionsmustprovethatadamagingfalsehoodwaspublishedwith"actualmalice"--thatis,withknowledgethatthestatementswerefalse,orwithrecklessdisregardofwhethertheyweretrueornot.JusticeByronR.White,writingforthenewmajorityinthenewruling,saysitisnotenoughtoexamineallthecircumstancesofpublicationthatwouldindicatewhethertherewasmaliciousintentornot.Itisproperandconstitutional,hesays,for"state-of-mindevidence"tobeintroduced.ThecourtisthusorderingaCBStelevisionproducertoanswerquestionsaboutthethoughtprocessesthatwentintothepreparationandairingofasegmentof"60Minutes."ThatsixjusticesoftheSupremeCourtfailtoseethisasabreachoftheFirstAmendmentisfrightening.ThenovelistGeorgeOrwellmayhavebeenmistakenonlyinthetimingofhisvisionofaBigBrothergovernmentpracticingmind-control.63.Thepassagedealsprincipallywith______.A.theU.S.SupremeCourt'snewdecisionB.explainingtheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionC.anattackonthefreedomofthepressD.slanderandlibellaws64.Thewriter'sattitudetowardtheU.S.SupremeCourt'snewdecisionisthatof_____A.approvalB.disapprovalC.doubtD.indifference65.Fromthecontext,itmaybeinferredthatslanderandlibellawsare_______.A.infactthesamethingastheFirstAmendmentB.contrarytotheprotectionofindividual'sreputationagainstliesC.lawsprotectingthefreedomofthepressD.lawsprotectingindividual'sreputationagainstlies66.InLine16,"thethreatofone"meansA.thewarningofalibelsuitB.threateninganindividualC.thethreatofadecisionD.thethreatofaninvasion67.Whatdoes"actualmalice"(Line22)mean?A.knowledgethatthestatementisfalseB.recklessdisregardofwhetherthestatementistrueorfalseC.bothAandBD.libel68.Whatdoesthewritermainlyargueagainstinthispassage?A.theabsolutefreedomofthepressB.invasionintotheprivacyofthejournalist'smindC.maliciousintentofthejournalistD.theslanderandlibellaws(4)Duringthenineteenthcentury,themechanizationoffarmingandthefencingofrangelandopenedtheagriculturalheartofNorthAmericatointensivedevelopment.Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippivalleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.Withinthenextyear,raillinesbegantooperatetrainstoandfromthecity.Theriseofagriculturalactivitydemandedfacilitiesforthestorageandmillingofgrain,theslaughteringofcattle,andtheprocessingandshipmentofmeat.Themanufactureoffarmmachinerybranchedoutintothebasicmetal-fabricatingandwoodworkingindustries.Thissoonattractedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions.FouryearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,Chicagowasalreadyestablishedasthefocalpointofthelargestsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworldandthehubofarailnetworkthatextendedtothe69.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.TheeffectsoftheCivicWaronthedevelopmentofChicagoB.TheeffectsofintensivefarminginNorthAmericaC.TheevolutionofChicagoasanindustrialcenterD.Theimpactofagricultureonindustrialdevelopment70.Inthenineteenthcentury,thefarmingareaaroundChicagodevelopedrapidlybecause______.A.newirrigationwaterwayswerebuiltB.menwhohadbeensoldiersprovidedaplentifulworkforceC.newmachinerypermittedfarmingonalargescaleD.theslaughteringofcattleturnedmuchrangelandintofarmland71.WhydidChicagoinitiallybegintogrow?A.ItwaslocatedinthemiddleofaproductiveareaB.ItsindustriesattractedjoblesspeopleC.ItcouldprovidefoodforalargelocalpopulationD.Itswealthyinhabitantsinvestedtheirmoneythere72.WhendidChicago'sfirstrailroadservicebegin?A.1846B.1847C.1848D.184973.Chicagowasprimarilyimportanttothecattleindustryasa______.A.marketformeatB.breedingcenterC.centerofveterinarymedicineD.placetofinancecattlepurchases74.Accordingtothepassage,bankerswereprimarilyattractedtoChicagobecauseof_A.theoutbreakoftheCivilWarintheEastB.theincreaseinmanufacturingactivityC.goodopportunitiesfortravelD.schoolsthattrainedqualifiedeconomists75.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetextasamajorfactorinChicago'sgrowth?A.NewrailroadlinesB.InnovativefarmequipmentC.IncreasedwatertransportationnetworksD.Risingdemandforthemanufactureofexplosives(5)Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems--andthattheyhavenosenseofhumor,atleastinparent-childrelationships.Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.Sometimesyouareresistant,andproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapprove,itlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcase,youareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan'twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisispassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhood,whenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents'control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself.Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,co-operationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothers,especiallyyourparents,intodoingthingsthewayyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiative,sothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo.76.Theauthorisprimarilyaddressing______.A.parentsofteenagersB.thosewhogiveadvicetoteenagersC.newspaperreadersD.teenagers77.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout______.A.theteenagers'criticismoftheirparentsB.misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparentsC.thedominanceoftheparentsove