2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）（含答案）

第页2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Itiswidelyacceptedthatanimportantgoalofeducationistohelpstudentslearnhowtolearn.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Sheisdrawntoitsintegrationofdesignandengineering.B)Sheisinfluencedbyherfatherwhoteachesarchitecture.C)Sheispreoccupiedwithherdreamtobeanarchitect.D)Sheisattractedtothebeautyofmodernbuildings.2.A)Bytakingprerequisitecourses.B)Bystudyingthesubjectonline.C)Withtheprofessor’shelp.D)Throughhardwork.3.A)Itisimmortal.B)Itisimmaterial.C)Itislong-lasting.D)Itisgroundbreaking.4.A)Computerscience.B)Philosophy.C)Economics.D)Westernart.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Heisafamousfootballcoach.B)Heiswellknowntothepublic.C)Hehasbeenguardedbyadiscreetassistant.D)Hehasoccasionallybeenharassedbyhisfans.6.A)HelppromoteMr.Sanchez’spublicprofile.B)Runcommondailychoresforthewoman.C)PlayakeyroleinRealMadrid.D)Serveasapersonalassistant.7.A)Heonceworkedpart-timeinuniversity.B)Heishonestandalwaystellsthetruth.C)Hecareslittleabouthisworkinghours.D)Hehaslittlepreviousworkexperience8.A)Hehasanaturalcapacitytocooperatewithothers.B)Hehasasoundknowledgeofsportsconsultancy.C)Hehasahighproficiencyinseverallanguages.D)Hehasastrongabilitytoconnectwithpeople.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theyhavefewerrulesandpressures.B)Theyrequirelesssupervisionandtraining.C)Theyaremoresuitabletoyoungpeople.D)Theybringmorebenefitstoyoungpeople.10.A)Theypreventkidsfromenjoyingadventuresports.B)Theyrobkidsofthechancetocultivatetheircourage.C)Theyhelpkidsguardagainstanypossibleinjuries.D)Theydeprivekidsoftheopportunitytodevelopteamspirit.11.A)Introducethemtothesesportsstepbystep.B)Askthemtotrysomeformsofindoorsports.C)Letthemparticipateinsomelessriskyoutdooractivities.D)Helpthemtakeupthesesportswhentheyaremoremature.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Manufacturersuseeffectivestrategiestopromotefancierproducts.B)Techfirmsintentionallydesignproductstohaveshortlifespans.C)Suchproductstendtocomprisepartsthatareirreplaceable.D)Consumersoftenhaveacravingforthelatestmodel.13.A)Detailthelifecycleoftheirproducts.B)Specifythemajorpartsoftheirproducts.C)Listarepairabilityscoreoftheirproducts.D)Indicatethecompetitivenessoftheirproducts.14.A)Takeduecautioninupgradingtheirproducts.B)Substitutealltoxicsubstanceswithnon-toxicones.C)Investinconstructingmorerecyclingfacilities.D)Taketheinitiativetoreduceelectronicwaste.15.A)Itcanbesolved.B)Itiscertaintoworsen.C)Itisunavoidableinthelongrun.D)Itwillbefixedbytechcompanies.SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Howinternetmonitoringcanbeimplemented.B)Howtopreventemployeesfromcyberloafing.C)Howcyberloafingaffectsoverallproductivity.D)Howtoencourageproductiveinternetsurfing.17.A)Overuseofsocialmediamayleadtodeclineinproductivity.B)Employeeengagementiscloselyrelatedtojobsatisfaction.C)Cyberloafingmayrelieveemployeesofstress.D)Cyberloafingisasignofworkers’laziness.18.A)Takingmini-breaksmeansbetterjobperformance..B)Cyberloafinggenerallydoesmoreharmthangood.C)Employeeswhoindulgeininternetsurfingaremostlikelytoquit.D)Workerturnoverislinkedtothetimeallowedforcyberloafing.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Therewereenvironmentalproblems.B)Therewerenowoodenbuildings.C)Therewerefewsettlers.D)Therewerenotrees.20.A)HeurgedthestatetostarttheNebraskaStateGardeningSociety.B)Hefoundedanewspaperandusedittopromotehisideas.C)Heengagedhimselfinalargenumberofaestheticprojects.D)HeservedaschairmanoftheNebraskaStateBoardofAgriculture.21.A)Nebraskaearnedthenickname“theTreePlantersState”.B)ThestategovernmentdeclaredittheofficialArborDay.C)OnemilliontreeswereplantedthroughoutNebraska.D)AspecialprizewasawardedtoJuliusMorton.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)TheylivedmostlyinAfricaforabout200,000years.B)TheymovedoutofAfricaabout60,000yearsago.C)TheypreferredtoliveinEuroperatherthaninAsia.D)TheyspreadacrossEuropeandAsiainafewdecades.23.A)TheLunacaveinGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.B)ThehumanfossilsdiscoveredmostrecentlyinAfrica.C)ThetracesofhumanmigrationoutofAfricatoAsia.D)ThediscoveryoftwomodernhumanteethinChina.24.A)Theremusthavebeensomereasonforhumanmigration.B)Humanshadaccesstoabundantfoodsourcesthere.C)Humansadaptedthemselvestotheenvironmentthere.D)Therehavebeenchangesinanimals’livingconditions.25.A)WhenmodernhumansstartedtodisperseoutofAfrica.B)HowhumanssettleddownontheArabianPeninsula.C)Whyfreshwaterissoimportantforhumansurvival.D)WhatpathmodernhumanstooktomigrateoutofAfrica.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．Scientistsrecentlyexaminedstudiesondogintelligenceandcomparedthemwithresearchintothemindsofotherintelligentanimals.Theresearchersfoundthatdogsareamongthemoreintelligentcarnivores(食肉动物),socialhuntersanddomesticanimals,butthattheirintelligencedoesnot26otherintelligentanimalsinanyofthosecategories.Thoughasignificantbodyofresearchhasexamineddogcognition27,theauthorsofthisnewstudyfoundlittletowarrantthe28ofworkthathasbeendevotedtothetopic.StephenLea,leadauthorofthenewstudy,arguesthatmanyresearchersseemtohavedesignedtheirstudiesto29howcleverdogsare,ratherthansimplytostudydogs’brains.Leaandacolleagueexaminedmorethan300studiesofdogcognition,comparingthestudies’resultswiththosefromresearchintootheranimals.Theresearchersmadespecificcomparisonsbetweenthedifferentspeciesindifferentcategoriesofintelligence.Thesecomparisons30thatdogsareintelligent,buttheirintelligenceisnotas31assomeresearchersmighthavebelieved.Inmanyareas,though,comparisonswerenotpossible.Forexample,theresearchersnotedthatbothdogsandcatsareknowntobeabletorecognizeand32humanvoices.Buttheinvestigatorscouldnotfindanydatatoindicatewhichspeciescanrememberagreaternumberof33humanvoices,soitwasimpossibletocomparethetwoonthatfront.However,notallresearchersagree34withthefindingsofthisstudy.ZacharySilver,anAmericanresearcher,believestheauthorsofthenewstudy35theideathatanexcessiveamountofresearchhasbeendevotedtodogs,asthefieldofdogcognitionisyoung,andthereismuchtobelearnedabouthowdogsthink.A)affirmed F)domain K)previouslyB)approximately G)formidable L)prospectiveC)completely H)outperformed M)proveD)differentiate I)overstated N)surpassE)distinct J)pledge O)volumeSectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2.ThelifesavingpowerofgratitudeGratitudemaybemorebeneficialthanwecommonlysuppose.Onerecentstudyaskedparticipantstowriteanoteofthankstosomeoneandthenestimatehowsurprisedandhappytherecipientwouldfeel—animpactthattheyconsistentlyunderestimated.Anotherstudyassessedthehealthbenefitsofwritingthank-younotes.Theresearchersfoundthatwritingasfewasthreeweeklythank-younotesoverthecourseofthreeweeksimprovedlifesatisfaction,increasedhappyfeelingsandreducedsymptomsofdepression..Whilethisresearchintogratitudeisrelativelynew,theprinciplesinvolvedareanythingbut.StudentsofmineinapoliticalphilosophycourseatIndianaUniversityarereadingDanielDefoe’s300-year-oldRobinsonCrusoe,oftenregardedasthefirstnovelpublishedinEnglish.Leftaloneonanunknownislandwithnoapparentprospectofrescueorescape,Crusoehasmuchtolament(悲叹).Butinsteadofgivingintodespair,hemakesalistofthingsforwhichheisgrateful,includingthefactthatheisthesolesurvivorfromtheshipwreck(海难)andhasbeenabletosalvagemanyusefulitemsfromthewreckage.Defoe’smasterpiece,whichisoftenrankedasoneoftheworld’sgreatestnovels,providesaportraitofgratitudeinactionthatisastimelyandrelevanttodayasithaseverbeen.Itisalsoonewithwhichcontemporarypsychologyandmedicinearejustbeginningtocatchup.Simplyput,formostofus,itisfarmorehelpfultofocusonthethingsinlifeforwhichwecanexpressgratitudethanthosethatinclineustowardresentmentandlamentationWhenwefocusonthethingsweregret,suchasfailedrelationships,familydisputes,andsetbacksincareerandfinance,wetendtobecomemoreregretful.Conversely,whenwefocusonthethingswearegratefulfor,agreatersenseofhappinesstendstospreadthroughourlives.Andwhilenoonewouldargueforcultivatingafalsesenseofblessedness,thereismountingevidencethatcountingourblessingsisoneofthebesthabitswecandeveloptopromotementalandphysicalhealth.Gratitudehaslongenjoyedaprivilegedpositioninmanyoftheworld’sculturaltraditions.Forexample,someancientWesternphilosopherscounselgratitudethatisbothenduringandcomplete,andsomeEasternthinkersportrayitasnotmerelyanattitudebutavirtuetobeputintopractice.Recentscientificstudiessupporttheseancientteachings.Individualswhoregularlyengageingratitudeexercises,suchascountingtheirblessingsorexpressinggratitudetoothers,exhibitincreasedsatisfactionwithrelationshipsandfewersymptomsofphysicalillness.Andthebenefitsarenotonlypsychologicalandphysical.Theymayalsobemoral—thosewhopracticegratitudealsoviewtheirliveslessmaterialisticallyandsufferfromlessenvy.Therearemultipleexplanationsforsuchbenefitsofgratefulness.Oneisthefactthatexpressinggratitudeencouragesotherstocontinuebeinggenerous,thuspromotingavirtuouscycleofgoodnessinrelationships.Similarly,gratefulpeoplemaybemorelikelytoreciprocate(回报)withactsofkindnessoftheirown.Broadlyspeaking,acommunityinwhichpeoplefeelgratefultooneanotherislikelytobeamorepleasantplacetolivethanonecharacterizedbymutualsuspicionandresentment.Thebeneficialeffectsofgratitudemayextendevenfurther.Forexample,whenmanypeoplefeelgoodaboutwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneforthem,theyexperienceasenseofbeingliftedup,withacorrespondingenhancementoftheirregardforhumanity.Someareinspiredtoattempttobecomebetterpeoplethemselves,doingmoretohelpbringoutthebestinothersandbringingmoregoodnessintotheworldaroundthem.Gratitudealsotendstostrengthenasenseofconnectionwithothers.Whenpeoplewanttodogoodthingsthatinspiregratitude,thelevelofdedicationinrelationshipstendstogrowandrelationshipsseemtolastlonger.Andwhenpeoplefeelmoreconnected,theyaremorelikelytochoosetospendtheirtimewithoneanotheranddemonstratetheirfeelingsofaffectionindailyacts.Ofcourse,actsofkindnesscanalsofosterdiscomfort.Forexample,ifpeoplefeeltheyarenotworthyofkindnessorsuspectthatsomeulterior(别有用心的)motiveliesbehindit,thebenefitsofgratitudewillnotberealized.Likewise,receivingakindnesscangiverisetoasenseofindebtedness,leavingbeneficiariesfeelingthattheymustnowpaybackwhatevergoodtheyhavereceived.Gratitudecanflourishonlyifpeoplearesecureenoughinthemselvesandsufficientlytrustingtoallowittodoso.Anotherobstacletogratitudeisoftencalledasenseofentitlement.Insteadofexperiencingabenefaction(善行)asagoodturn,peoplesometimesregarditasamerepaymentofwhattheyareowed,forwhichnoonedeservesanymoralcredit.Thereareanumberofpracticalstepsanyonecantaketopromoteasenseofgratitude.Oneissimplyspendingtimeonaregularbasisthinkingaboutsomeonewhohasmadeadifference,orperhapswritingathank-younoteorexpressingsuchgratitudeinperson.Othersarefoundinancientreligiousdisciplines,suchasreflectingonbenefactionsreceivedfromanotherpersonoractuallyprayingforthehealthandhappinessofabenefactor.Inadditiontobenefactionsreceived,itisalsopossibletofocusonopportunitiestodogoodoneself,whetherthoseactedoninthepastorhopedforinthefuture.Somepeoplearemostgratefulnotforwhatothershavedoneforthembutforchancestheyenjoyedtohelpothers.Inregularlyreflectingonthethingsinhislifeheisgratefulfor,Defoe’sCrusoebelievesthathebecomesafarbetterpersonthanhewouldhavebeenhadheremainedinthesocietyfromwhichheoriginallysetoutonhisvoyage.Reflectingongenerosityandgratitude,thegreatbasketballcoachJohnWoodenonceofferedtwocounselstohisplayersandstudents.First,hesaid,“Itisimpossibletohaveaperfectdayunlessyouhavedonesomethingforsomeonewhowillneverbeabletorepayyou.”Insayingthis,Woodensoughttopromotepurelygenerousacts,asopposedtothoseperformedwithanexpectationofreward.Second,hesaid,“Givethanksforyourblessingseveryday.”Somefaithtraditionsincorporatesuchpracticesintotherhythmofdailylife.Forexample,adherentsofsomereligionsofferprayersofthanksgivingeverymorningbeforerisingandeverynightbeforelyingdowntosleep.Othersofferthanksthroughouttheday,suchasbeforemeals.Otherlessfrequentspecialevents,suchasbirths,deathsandmarriages,mayalsobeheraldedbysuchprayers.WhenDefoedepictedRobinsonCrusoemakingthanksgivingadailypartofhisislandlife,hewasanticipatingfindingsinsocialscienceandmedicinethatwouldnotappearforhundredsofyears.Yethewasalsoreflectingthewisdomofreligiousandphilosophicaltraditionsthatextendbackthousandsofyears.Gratitudeisoneofthehealthiestandmostnourishingofallstatesofmind,andthosewhoadoptitasahabitareenrichingnotonlytheirownlivesbutalsothelivesofthosearoundthem.36.Itdoesusfarmoregoodtofocusonthingswecanbegratefulforthanwhatmakesussadandresentful.37.Thebeneficialimpactsofgratitudecanextendfromindividualstotheircommunityandtothewidersociety.38.Theparticipantsinarecentstudyrepeatedlyunderestimatedthepositiveeffectonthosewhoreceivedthank-younotes.39.Gooddeedscansometimesmakepeoplefeeluncomfortable.40.Peoplewhoregularlyexpressgratitudecanbenefitinmoralterms.41.Abasketballcoachadvocatedperforminggenerousactswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.42.Moreandmoreevidenceshowsitmakesusmentallyandphysicallyhealthiertoroutinelycountourblessings.43.Ofallstatesofmind,feelinggratefulisconsideredoneofthemosthealthyandbeneficial.44.Theprinciplesunderlyingtheresearchintogratitudearenothingnewatall.45.Gratitudeislikelytoenhanceone’ssenseofbeingconnectedwithotherpeople.SectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Technologyisneveraneutraltoolforachievinghumanends.Technologicalinnovationsreshapepeopleastheyusetheseinnovationstocontroltheirenvironment.Artificialintelligence,forexample,isalteringhumanity.WhilethetermAIconjuresupanxietiesaboutkillerrobotsorcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment,thereareother,deeperimplications.AsAIincreasinglyshapesthehumanexperience,howdoesthischangewhatitmeanstobehuman?Centraltotheproblemisaperson’scapacitytomakechoices,particularlyjudgmentsthathavemoralimplications.Aristotlearguedthatthecapacityformakingpracticaljudgmentsdependsonregularlymakingthem—onhabitandpractice.Weseetheemergenceofmachinesassubstitutejudgesinavarietyofeverydaycontextsasapotentialthreattopeoplelearninghowtoeffectivelyexercisejudgmentthemselves.Intheworkplace,managersroutinelymakedecisionsaboutwhotohireorfireandwhichloantoapprove,tonameafew.Theseareareaswherealgorithmic(算法的)prescriptionisreplacinghumanjudgment,andsopeoplewhomighthavehadthechancetodeveloppracticaljudgmentintheseareasnolongerwill.Recommendationengines,whichareincreasinglyprevalentintermediariesinpeople’sconsumptionofculture,mayservetoconstrainchoiceandminimizeluck.Bypresentingconsumerswithalgorithmicallyselectedchoicesofwhattowatch,read,streamandvisitnext,companiesarereplacinghumantastewithmachinetaste.Inonesense,thisishelpful.Afterall,machinescansurveyawiderrangeofchoicesthananyindividualislikelytohavethetimeorenergytodoontheirown.Atthesametime,though,thisselectionisoptimizingforwhatpeoplearelikelytopreferbasedonwhatthey’vepreferredinthepast.Wethinkthereissomeriskthatpeople’soptionswillbeconstrainedbytheirpastinanewandunanticipatedway.Asmachinelearningalgorithmsimproveandastheytrainonmoreextensivedatasets,largerpartsofeverydaylifearelikelytobecomeutterlypredictable.Thepredictionsaregoingtogetbetterandbetter,andtheywillultimatelymakecommonexperiencesmoreefficientandpleasant.Algorithmscouldsoon—iftheydon’talready—haveabetterideaaboutwhichshowyou’dliketowatchnextandwhichjobcandidateyoushouldhirethanyoudo.Oneday,humansmayevenfindawayformachinestomakethesedecisionswithoutsomeofthebiasesthathumanstypicallydisplay.Buttotheextentthatunpredictabilityispartofhowpeopleunderstandthemselvesandpartofwhatpeoplelikeaboutthemselves,humanityisintheprocessoflosingsomethingsignificant.Astheybecomemoreandmorepredictable,thecreaturesinhabitingtheincreasinglyAI-mediatedworldwillbecomelessandlesslikeus.46.WhatdowelearnaboutthedeeperimplicationsofAI?A)Itiscausingcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment.B)Itisdoingphysicalharmtohumanoperators.C)Itisalteringmoraljudgments.D)Itisreshapinghumanity.47.Whatistheconsequenceofalgorithmicprescriptionreplacinghumanjudgment?A)Peoplelosethechancetocultivatetheabilitytomakepracticaljudgments.B)Peoplearepreventedfromparticipatinginmakingmajordecisionsintheworkplace.C)Managersnolongerhavethechancetodecidewhichloantoapprove.D)Managersdonotneedtotakethetroubletodeterminewhotohireorfire.48.Whatmayresultfromincreasingapplicationofrecommendationenginesinourconsumptionofculture?A)Consumerswillhavemuchlimitedchoice.B)Consumerswillactuallyenjoybetterluck.C)Itwillbeeasiertodecideonwhattoenjoy.D)Humanswilldeveloptastessimilartomachines’.49.Whatislikelytohappentolargerpartsofourdailylifeasmachinelearningalgorithmsimprove?A)Theywillturnouttobemorepleasant.B)Theywillrepeatourpastexperience.C)Theycanbecompletelyanticipated.D)Theymaybecomebetterandbetter.50.WhydoestheauthorsaythecreatureslivinginthemoreandmoreAI-mediatedworldwillbecomeincreasinglyunlikeus?A)Theywillhavelostthemostsignificanthumanelementofbeingintelligent.B)Theywillnolongerpossessthehumancharacteristicofbeingunpredictable.C)Theywillnotbeabletounderstandthemselvesaswecandotoday.D)Theywillbedeprivedofwhattheirpredecessorswereproudofaboutthemselves.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Phonics,whichinvolvessoundingoutwordssyllable(音节)bysyllable,isthebestwaytoteachchildrentoread.Butinmanyclassrooms,thiscanbeadirtyword.Somuchsothatsometeachershavehadtosneakphonicsteachingmaterialsintotheclassroom.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttoreadinawaythatstudyafterstudyhasfoundtobewrong.Theconsequencesofthisarestriking.LessthanhalfofallAmericanadultswereproficientreadersin2017.Americanfourthgradersrank15thontheProgressinInternationalLiteracyStudy,aninternationalexam.Americaisstuckinadebateaboutteachingchildrentoreadthathasbeengoingonfordecades.Someadvocateteachingsymbol-soundrelationships(thesoundkcanbespelledasc,k,ck,orch),knownasphonics.Otherssupportanimmersiveapproach(usingpicturesofacattolearnthewordcat),knownas“wholelanguage”.Mostteacherstoday,almostthreeoutoffouraccordingtoasurveybytheEdWeekResearchCentrein2019,useamixcalled“balancedliteracy”.Thiscombinationofmethodsisineffective.“Youcan’tsprinkleinalittlephonics,”saysTenetteSmith,executivedirectorofelementaryeducationandreadingatMississippi’seducationdepartment.“Ithastobesystematicandexplicitlytaught.”Mississippi,oftenbehindinsocialpolicy,hassetanexamplehere.Inastateoncenotoriousforitslowreadingscores,theMississippistatelegislaturepassednewliteracystandardsin2013.SincethenMississippihasseenremarkablegains.Itsfourthgradershavemovedfrom49th(outof50states)to29thontheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress,anationwideexam.In2019itwastheonlystatetoimproveitsscores.Forthefirsttimesincemeasurementbegan,Mississippi’spupilsarenowaveragereaders,aremarkableachievementinsuchapoorstate.Mississippi’ssuccessisattributedtoimplementingreadingmethodssupportedbyabodyofresearchknownasthescienceofreading.In1997CongressrequestedtheNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopmentandtheDepartmentofEducationtoconveneaNationalReadingPaneltoendthe“readingwars”andsynthesizetheevidence.Thepanelfoundthatphonics,alongwithexplicitinstructioninphonemic(音位的)awareness,fluencyandcomprehension,workedbest.Yetovertwodecadeson,“balancedliteracy”isstillbeingtaughtinclassrooms.Butadvancesinstatisticsandbrainimaginghavedisprovedthewhole-languagemethod.Totheteacherwhoisaproficientreader,literacyseemslikeanaturalprocessthatrequireseducatedguessing,ratherthanthedeliberateprocessemphasizedbyphonics.Teacherscanimaginethattheylearnedtoreadthroughosmosis(潜移默化)whentheywerechildren.Withoutpropertraining,theybringthistoclassrooms.51.WhatdowelearnaboutphonicsinmanyAmericanclassrooms?A)Itisillreputed.B)Itismostlymisapplied.C)Itisarbitrarilyexcluded.D)Itismisrepresented.52.WhathasAmericabeenwitnessingfordecades?A)Anobsessionwithinnovatingteachingmethodologiesofreading.B)Anenduringdebateovertheapproachtoteachingchildrentoread.C)Anincreasingconcernwithmanychildren’sinadequacyinliteracy.D)Anever-forcefuladvocacyofacombinedmethodforteachingreading.53.WhydoesTenetteSmiththinkacombinationofteachingmethodsisineffective?A)WhydoesTenetteSmiththinkacombinationofteachingmethodsisineffective.B)Phonicshastobesystematicallyappliedandclearlytaughttoachievethedesiredeffect.C)Sprinklinginalittlephonicsdeterstheprogressofevenadequatelymotivatedchildren.D)Balancedliteracyfailstosustainchildren’sinterestindevelopingagoodreadinghabit.54.WhatdoestheauthorsayMississippi’ssuccessisattributedto?A)ConveningaNationalReadingPaneltosynthesizeresearchevidence .B)Placingsufficientemphasisuponbothfluencyand