2023年考研考博工商管理硕士（MBA）考试高频考点参考题库含答案

2023年考研考博工商管理硕士（MBA）考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题No（

）you'rehungryifyouhaven'teatensinceyesterday问题1选项A.matterB.surpriseC.wonderD.problem2.写作题Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)3.单选题某班增加两名同学，则该班同学的平均身高增加了。（1）增加的两名同学的平均身高与原来男同学的平均身高相同。（2）原来男同学的平均身高大于女同学的平均身高。问题1选项A.条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B.条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C.条件（1）和（2）单独不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D.条件（1）充分，条件（2）充分E.条件（1）和（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分4.单选题有90个病人，都患难治疾病T，服用过同样的常规药物。这些病人被分为人数相等的两组，第一组服用一种用于治疗疾病T的实验药物W素，第二组服用不含有W素的安慰剂。10年后的统计显示，两组都有44人死亡。因此，这种实验药物是无效的。以下哪项如果为真，则最能削弱上述论证?问题1选项A.在上述死亡的病人中，第二组从发病到死亡的平均时间比第一组短两年。B.在上述死亡的病人中，第二组的平均寿命比第一组小两岁。C.在上述活着的病人中，第二组的病情比第一组的更严重。D.在上述活着的病人中，第二组的比第一组的更年长。E.在上述活着的病人中，第二组的比第一组的更年轻。5.单选题HowtoGetActiveAgainAfteraBreakMovingyourbodyhasbeenshowntoreduceanxietyanddepression,lowerratesofmanytypesofcancerandtheriskofaheart¬attack,andimproveoverallimmunity.Italsohelpsbuildstrengthandstamina.Gettingbackintoexercisecanbeachallengeinthebestoftimes,butwithgymsandin-personexerciseclassesoff-limitstomanypeoplethesedaysbecauseofCOVID-19concerns,itcanbetrickytoknowwheretostart.Andit’simportanttogettherightdoseofactivity.“Toomuchtoosooneitherresultsininjuryorburnout,”saysMaryYoke,PhD,afacultymemberinthekinesiologydepartmentatIndianaUniversityinBloomington.Thefollowingsimplestrategieswillhelpyoureturntoexercisesafelyafterabreak.1.____________________Don’ttrytogobacktowhatyouweredoingbeforeyourbreak.Ifyouwerewalking3milesaday,playing18holesofgolfthreetimesweek,orlifting10-pounddumbbellsforthreesetsof10reps,reduceactivitytohalfamileeveryotherday,ornineholesofgolfonceaweekwithshortwalksonotherdays,oruse5-pounddumbbellsforonesetof10reps.Increasetime,distance,andintensitygradually.“Thisisn’tsomethingyoucandoovernight,”Denaysays.Butyouwillreapbenefitssuchaslessanxietyandimprovedsleeprightaway.2.____________________Ifyou’rebreathingtoohardtotalkincompletesentences,backoff.Ifyoufeelgood,goalittlelongerorfaster.Feelingwipedoutafterasession?Goeasiernexttime.Andstayalerttoserioussymptoms,suchaschestpainorpressure,severeshortnessofbreathordizziness,orfaintness,andseekmedicalattentionimmediately.3.____________________Consistencyisthekeytogettingstrongerandbuildingenduranceandstamina.Tenminutesofactivityperdayisagoodstart,saysMarcusJackovitz,DPT,aphysicaltherapistattheUniversityofMiamiHospital.Alltheexpertswespokewithhighlyrecommendwalkingbecauseit’stheeasiest,mostaccessibleformofexercise.Althoughitcanbeaworkoutonitsown,ifyourgoalistogetbacktoZumbaclasses,tennis,cycling,oranyotheractivity,walkingisalsoagreatfirststep.4.____________________Evenifyoucan’tyetdoafavoriteactivity,youcanpracticethemoves.Withorwithoutacluborracket,swinglikeyou’rehittingtheball.Paddlelikeyou'reinakayakorcanoe.Mimicyourfavoriteswimmingstrokes.Theactionwillremindyouofthejoytheactivitybroughtyouandprimeyourmusclesforwhenyoucangetoutthereagain.5.____________________Exercisingwithothers“cankeepyouaccountableandmakeitmorefun,soyou'remorelikelytodoitagain,”Jackovitzsays.Youcandoactivitiessuchasgolfandtennisortakeawalkwithothersandstillbesociallydistant.Butwhenyoucan’tconnectinperson,considerusingtechnology.Chatonthephonewithafriendwhileyouwalkaroundyourneighborhood.FaceTimeorZoomwitharelativeasyoustrengthtrainorstretchathome.Youcanalsojoinalivestreamoron-demandexerciseclass.SilverSneakersoffersthemforolderadults,ortryEverWalkforvirtualchallenges.问题1选项A.MakeitahabitB.Don’tgoitaloneC.Startlow,goslowD.TalkwithyourdoctorE.ListentoyourbodyF.GothroughthemotionsG.Roundoutyourroutine问题2选项A.MakeitahabitB.Don’tgoitaloneC.Startlow,goslowD.TalkwithyourdoctorE.ListentoyourbodyF.GothroughthemotionsG.Roundoutyourroutine问题3选项A.MakeitahabitB.Don’tgoitaloneC.Startlow,goslowD.TalkwithyourdoctorE.ListentoyourbodyF.GothroughthemotionsG.Roundoutyourroutine问题4选项A.MakeitahabitB.Don’tgoitaloneC.Startlow,goslowD.TalkwithyourdoctorE.ListentoyourbodyF.GothroughthemotionsG.Roundoutyourroutine问题5选项A.MakeitahabitB.Don’tgoitaloneC.Startlow,goslowD.TalkwithyourdoctorE.ListentoyourbodyF.GothroughthemotionsG.Roundoutyourroutine6.单选题Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingoncontrivedlaboratorytestsorsometimesunreliableself-reports.ButanewstudypublishedinCognitionfoundthat,inatleastonereal-worldsituation,asingleethicslessonmayhavehadlastingeffects.Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssession’simpactoneatingmeat.Theychosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons,accordingtostudyco-authorEricSchwitzgebel,aphilosopherattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside:students’attitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgoodbecauseitreducesenvironmentalharmandanimalsuffering.Halfofthestudentsinfourlargephilosophyclassesreadanarticleontheethicsoffactory-farmedmeat,optionallywatchedan11-minutevideoonthetopicandjoineda50-minutediscussion.Theotherhalffocusedoncharitablegivinginstead.Then,unknowntothestudents,theresearchersstudiedtheiranonymizedmeal-cardpurchasesforthatsemester—nearly14,000receiptsforalmost500students.Schwitzgebelpredictedtheinterventionwouldhavenoeffect;hehadpreviouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blooddonationandreturninglibrarybooks.Butamongstudentsubjectswhodiscussedmeatethics,mealpurchasescontainingmeatdecreasedfrom52to45percent—andthiseffectheldsteadyforthestudy’sdurationofseveralweeks.Purchasesfromtheothergroupremainedat52percent.“That'sactuallyaprettylargeeffectforaprettysmallintervention,”Schwitzgebelsays.PsychologistNinaStrohmingerattheUniversityofPennsylvania,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbutcannotruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable.Andifreal,shenotes,itmightbereversiblebyanothernudge:“Easycome,easygo.”Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocialinfluence—classmatesorteachingassistantsleadingthediscussionsmayhavesharedtheirownvegetarianism,showingitasachievableormorecommon.Second,thevideomayhavehadanemotionalimpact.Leastrousing,hethinks,wasrationalargument,althoughhisco-authorssayreasonmightplayabiggerrole.Nowtheresearchersareprobingthespecificeffectsofteachingstyle,teachingassistants’eatinghabitsandstudents’videoexposure.MeanwhileSchwitzgebel—whohadpredictednoeffect—willbeeatinghiswords.1.Scientistsgenerallybelievethattheeffectsofethicsclassesare________.2.Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheresearcherstostudymeat-eating?3.EricSchwitzgebel’spreviousfindingssuggestthatethicsprofessors________.4.NinaStrohmingerthinksthattheeffectoftheinterventionis________.5.EricSchwitzgebelsuspectsthatthestudents’changeinbehavior________.问题1选项A.hardtodetermineB.narrowlyinterpretedC.difficulttoignoreD.poorlysummarized问题2选项A.Itiscommonamongstudents.B.ItisabehavioreasytomeasureC.Itisimportanttostudents'healthD.Itisahottopicinethicsclasses问题3选项A.areseldomcriticaloftheirstudentsB.arelesssociablethanotherprofessorsC.arenotsensitivetopoliticalssuesD.arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter问题4选项A.permanentB.predictableC.uncertainD.uncertain问题5选项A.canbringpsychologicalbenefitsB.canbeanalyzedstatisticallyC.canbeanalyzedstatisticallyD.isasignofself-development7.单选题Inordertolivethekindoflifewewantandtobethepersonwewanttobe，wehavetodomorethanjust（

）withevents.问题1选项A.putupB.setupC.turnupD.makeup8.单选题Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（

）andasksthemquestions.问题1选项A.ateaseB.atrandomC.inessenceD.insum9.单选题Thepoorcountriesareextremely（

）tointernationaleconomicfluctuations.问题1选项A.inclinedB.vulnerableC.attractedD.reduced10.单选题在这次NBA选秀中，卡特、布莱尔、库里被勇士队、湖人队、老鹰队选中。关于他们分别被哪个球队选中，几位不知道确切选秀结果的球迷做了如下猜测：球迷甲∶卡特被湖人队选中，库里被老鹰队选中。球迷乙：卡特被老鹰队选中，布莱尔被湖人队选中。球迷丙∶卡特被勇士队选中，库里被湖人队选中。根据选秀结果，三位球迷各猜对了一半。则以下哪项正确地说明了这次的选秀结果?问题1选项A.卡特被湖人队选中、布莱尔被老鹰队选中、库里被勇士队选中。B.卡特被老鹰队选中、布莱尔被湖人队选中、库里被勇士队选中。C.卡特被勇士队选中、布莱尔被湖人队选中、库里被老鹰队选虫。D.卡特被湖人队选中、布莱尔被勇士队选中、库里被老鹰队选肃。E.卡特被勇士队选中、布莱尔被老鹰队选中、库里被湖人队选中。11.单选题Thedestructionofthetwintowers（

）shockandangerthroughouttheworld.问题1选项A.summonedB.temptedC.provokedD.stumbled12.单选题Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJune,alongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhorepotvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromisyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes”,theyareclassifiedasworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.1.Whichpartofthejobspictureareneglected?2.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey（

）.3.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUS（

）.

4.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,（

）.

5.Thetextmainlydiscusses（

）.问题1选项A.Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.B.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timemarket.C.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.D.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.问题2选项A.preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs.B.feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet.C.cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs.D.haven'tseentheweaknessofthemarket.问题3选项A.ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago.B.showsageneraltendencyofdecline.C.satisfiestherealneedofthejobless.D.islowerthanbeforetherecession.问题4选项A.itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsuranceB.employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsuranceC.itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembersD.full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance问题5选项A.employmentintheUSB.part-timerclassificationC.insurancethroughMedicaidD.Obamacare'strouble13.单选题提起极地冰，很多人眼前总是浮现出一幅洁白无瑕、晶莹剔透的景观。然而在北纬71度、西经168度附近的北冰洋海域，“雪龙”号首次驶入一片“脏”冰区，只见一块块淡蓝色的浮冰中间夹杂了许多脏兮兮的黄色冰块，这种黄色冰块，既出现在当年的新生冰块上，也出现在多年冰块上。对于“人类造成的污染已经殃及极地浮冰”的说法，有专家解释说这只是生活在极地冰中的一种特有生物：黄褐色的冰藻。如果以下哪项为真，能够反驳专家上述观点？问题1选项A.在新生冰块上形成冰藻需要多年。B.北极冰中有冰藻生长并不是普遍现象。C.近年来人类踏上北极冰的次数逐年增加。D.北冰洋周围的陆地常有沙尘天气。E.在北冰洋海域还生活着其他特殊的生物。14.单选题Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinlife”faceatougheragood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid.”Ican’taffordtopaymymonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen.”Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn’thavecollegedegrees,”Schneidersaid.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.”1.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis（

）.2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto

（

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3.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill

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4.Bothyoungandoldagreethat（

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5.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?问题1选项A.tryingoutdifferentlifestylesB.havingafamilywithchildrenC.workingbeyondretirementageD.settingupaprofitablebusiness问题2选项A.favoraslowerlifepaceB.holdanoccupationlongerC.attachimportancetopre-maritalfinanceD.giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome问题3选项A.becomeincreasinglyclearB.focusonmaterialisticissuesC.dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferencesD.reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife问题4选项A.good-payingjobsarelessavailableB.theoldmademorelifeachievementsC.housingloanstodayareeasytoobtainD.gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung问题5选项A.Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.B.Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess.C.Hisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.D.Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.15.单选题Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”-theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor'sappointmentorimportantmeeting,”hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiesyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain.”saysPillay.1.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto（

）.2.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat（

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3.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis（

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4.Pillaybelievesthatourbrain'sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused

（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.问题1选项A.seizeeveryminutetoworkB.listyouimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.Keeptoyourfocustime问题2选项A.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsB.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpectedC.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyD.dailyschedulesarcindispensabletostudying问题3选项A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyD.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork问题4选项A.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyB.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingC.isdrivenbytaskurgencyD.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork问题5选项A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeB.WaystorelievethetensionofbusylifeC.ThekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.Thecauseofthelackoffocustime16.单选题Theteacherstriedto（

）thesestudentsthattheycouldsolvethecomplicatedproblem,however,theyjustdidn’tseethepoint.问题1选项A.convinceB.encourageC.consultD.inclined17.单选题如果联盟决定在所有入境口岸对从W国进口的产品实行100%的检测，那么W国的食品将经常出现违规;如果W国的食品经常出现违规，那么联盟将提醒各成员国采取相应的措施;如果联盟提醒各成员国采取相应的措施，那么联盟的民众将反应强烈;如果联盟的民众反应强烈，那么联盟将决定在所有的入境口岸对从W国的进口产品实行100%的检测；如果联盟决定在所有入境口岸对从W国进口的产品实行100%的检测，那么联盟的民众不会反应强烈。以下哪项可以从上述陈述中逻辑地推出？问题1选项A.联盟不会提醒各成员国采取相应的措施。B.W国的食品将经常出现违规。C.联盟的民众将反应强烈。D.联盟将决定在所有入境口岸对从W国的进口产品实行100%的检测。E.联盟的民众将反应强烈或者W国的食品将经常出现违规。18.单选题Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain（1）thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby（2）

.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive

（3）

holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one（4）

bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives（5）

,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.（6）

today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor（7）

Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe（8）

forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting（9）poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany（10）

theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn’t（11）

followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe（12）

ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe（13）

ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould（14）

strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the（15）

ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively（16）

formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional（17）

oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel（18）

,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself

（19）

ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor

（20）

matters.问题1选项A.boastingB.denyingC.warningD.ensuring问题2选项A.inequalityB.instabilityC.unreliabilityD.uncertainty问题3选项A.policyB.guidelineC.resolutionD.prediction问题4选项A.characterizedB.dividedC.balancedD.measured问题5选项A.wisdomB.meaningC.gloryD.freedom问题6选项A.InsteadB.IndeedC.ThusD.Nevertheless问题7选项A.richB.urbanC.workingD.educated问题8选项A.explanationB.requirementC.compensationD.substitute问题9选项A.underB.beyondC.alongsideD.among问题10选项A.leavebehindB.makeupC.worryaboutD.setaside问题11选项A.statisticallyB.occasionallyC.necessarilyD.economically问题12选项A.chancesB.downsidesC.benefitsD.principles问题13选项A.absenceB.heightC.faceD.course问题14选项A.disturbB.restoreC.excludeD.yield问题15选项A.modelB.practiceC.virtueD.hardship问题16选项A.trickyB.lengthyC.mysteriousD.scarce问题17选项A.demandsB.standardsC.qualitiesD.threats问题18选项A.ignoredB.tiredC.confusedD.starved问题19选项A.offB.againstC.behindD.into问题20选项A.technologicalB.professionalC.educationalD.interpersonal19.单选题8位候选人竞选厂长，选举的过程满足以下条件∶如果A的票数多于B，并且C的票数多于D，那么E当选。如果B的票数多于A或者F的票数多于G，那么H当选。如果D的票数多于C，那么F当选。如果上述断定都是真的，并且事实上H当选，那么以下哪项一定是真的?如果上述断定都是真的，并且事实上C的票数多于D，并且E并没有当选，那么以下哪项一定是真的?

问题1选项A.A的票数比B多。B.B的票数不比A多。C.F的票数比G多。D.G的票数比F多。E.D的票数不比C多。问题2选项A.F当选。B.H当选。C.A的票数不比B多。D.B的票数不比F多。E.F的票数多于G。20.单选题EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic"legacy"isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun－upto2012－butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto"inspireageneration."ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally"grassroots",conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods－makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.1.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas（

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3.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit（

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4.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould（

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5.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis（

）.问题1选项A.gainedgreatpopularityB.createdmanyjobsC.strengthenedcommunitytiesD.becomeanofficialfestival问题2选项A.boostpopulationgrowthB.promotesportparticipationC.impr