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实用文案句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。(一) 主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:(1)Lucyisabeautifulnurse. (名词作主语)(2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday. (代词作主语)(3)Smokingisharmfultothehealth. (动名词作主语)(4) ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided. (主语从句作主语)(二) 谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)|必须是动词|。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如:Hisparentsareteachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)Westudyhard.(行为动词作谓语)Wedon'tfinishreadingthebook. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三) 宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.(名词作宾语)Shesays(that)sheisill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)Weoftenhelphim.(代词作宾语)Helikestoplaybasketball.(不定式作宾语)Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give,show(给 看),bring,pass,buy等。如:(1)Ourteachertellsusastory. (2)Thesungivesuslight.注意:间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词I“伽”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有:give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise(答应),refuse(拒绝)等。实用文案间接宾语加“for”的有:make,buy,do,get,play,order(命令),sing,pay等Igivehimabook.Igiveabooktohim.Hewillbuymesomebooks.Hewillbuysomebooksforme.(四) 宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如:Theymakeherhappy.(形容词)Iseeherdance.(不定式)We'llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.(名词)Pleaselethimin.(畐I」词)Weheardhersingingasong.(分词短语)(五) 表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如:Iamateacher.(名词)Heisalwayshappy.(形容词)Theyareontheplaygroundnow.(介词短语)Itgetscold.(形容词)(Be动词(am,is,are,was,were)表保持(keep,stay,remain)表改变(get,become,turn)感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))如:Itsoundsinteresting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)(六)定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如:Theblackbikeismine.(形容词)What'syourname?(代词)Theymakepaperflowers.(名词)说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing,anything,everything,something等时,定语在不定代词后面。如:Itellhimsomethinginteresting.(形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)Hehassomethingtodo. (todo为不定式作后置定语)说明2:|短语或从句|作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。实用文案如:TheboysintheroomareinClassFour. (intheroom是介词短语作theboys的后置定语。)(七)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。如:Hediditcarefully.(副词)Weoftenhelphim.(副词)HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(介词短语)WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(从句作时间状语)Hesitsthere.(副词地点状语)【简单句的五种基本句型】主语+不及物动词(主谓)如:Thesunrises.太阳升起来。Thecarstopped.小汽车停下来了。rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)如:Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.主语+系动词+表语(主系表)如:Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.(feel为系动词,表示感到 )Itgetsdark.天黑了°(get为系动词,表示变得)Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了°(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)如:HegivesTomapresent.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。Mothermakeanewdressforme.(双宾语) 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)如:TheycallherMary.(宾补) 他们叫她Mary。Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.(宾补) 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。Healwaysmakesuslaugh.(宾补) 他总使我们笑。一、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。实用文案Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.Ilikethisbookverymuch.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane'ssister.Shedidn'tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.WewillgototheChildren'sPalaceonceaweek.Theyareintheclassroom.Itsoundsgood.HisnameisPaul.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.二、课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherdoesn'tdohishomework.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA BC DPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABC DYoumustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.AB C DHowmanynewwordsdoyoulearn?ABCDSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?A B C D(二) 挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanisfeelingverytired.ABC DWhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCDTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCDSoonTheyallbecomeinterestedinthesubject.实用文案Sheisthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD(三) 挑出下列句中的定语TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.AB CDWhatisyourgivenname?ABCDOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCDIamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zABC DThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.A B C D(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.A B C DHeaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABC DShefinditdifficulttodothework.ABC DTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCDIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABC D(五) 挑出下列句中的状语Thereisabigsmileonherface.ABC DEverynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.A BCDHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABC DThemanonthemotorbikeistravelingtofast.A B C DWiththemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.A BCD(六)划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语(……)Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Doesheleaveanymessageforme?主语从句subjectclause一、主语从句的连词分三类实用文案(1)从属连词引导的主语从句(that/whether)that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。That引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语。例如:你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.(改为it形式主语)她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。whether引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn'tmattertoomuch.她来或者不来无关紧要。用连接代词引导的主语从句在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分.例如:你所需要的是更多的训练。Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。注:whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如:Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.用连接副词when,where,why,how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.Whentheywillcomehasn'tbeenmadepublic.二、it作形式主语的主语从句有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分四种情况:(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语it替代主语从句:<a>Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat...事实是 ;Itisgoodnewsthat 是好消息;Itisaquestionthat 是个问题;Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识类似的名词还有:apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;surprise等。鲸不是鱼是一个常识。文案大全实用文案ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.(.....不奇怪)<b>Itis+形容词+从句Itisnecessarythat...有必要 ;Itisclearthat...很清楚 ;Itislikelythat…很可能……;Itisimportantthat…重要的是……类似的形容词还有:strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.(明显的是我们不能再这样继续下去)你有必要掌握电脑<c>Itis+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat. 据说..;Itisreportedthat.据报道..;Ithasbeenprovedthat.已证明..;Itmustbeprovedthat. 必须指出..类似的过去分词还有:known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout,etc.例如:据说很多人在这次地震中丧生了Itissaidthatmanypeoplewaskilledintheearthquake.<d>Itseems(happened/appears/doesn'tmatter/makesnodifference/occurred…)that…主语从句不可提前Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.(他是否参加会议都无关紧要)ItdoesnotmatterthatifImissedmytrain.(我有没有错过火车都不重要)IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.(我昨天碰巧碰到他)(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。(改写)(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如:Whatweneedismoney.我们需要的是钱。WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是这一点。有时也可将助用形式主语。如:Itisclearenoughwhathemeant.他是什么意思很清楚。(4) 如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:Isittruethatheisthegirl'sfather?他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?Howisitthatyouarelateagain?你怎么又迟到了?四、连词that的省略问题文案大全实用文案引导主语从句的连词that有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:Thatyoudidn'tgotothetalkwasapity.很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省/不可省)Itwasapity(that)youdidn'tgotothetalk.很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省/不可省)巩固提升 makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverItworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey.whileB.thatC.ifD.forWhenandwhyhecamehere yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom .A.That...thatyouhadexpectedB.What...thatyouhadexpectedC.That.whatyouhadexpected D.What...whatyouhadexpected wegoswimmingeveryday usalotofgood.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does7.It Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat8.It'suncertain theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What. youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.实用文案A.WhoB.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybodyteamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB.That C.If D.Howleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.Theperson C.WhoeverD.Who宾语从句TheObjectClause宾语从句的概念:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构:主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句1.Iknowhim.(简单句)主语谓语宾语2.Iknowwhoheis.(复合句)主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语主句宾语从句一、连词(引导词)当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略❖LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.❖她说她不会参加下个星期天的运动运。❖Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.❖Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.注:在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等)作表语时,后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句❖I'msorry(that)Idon'tknow.❖We'resure(that)ourteamwillwin.❖I'mafraid(that)hewon'tpasstheexam.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成:“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略Lily想要知道她奶奶是否喜欢这个手包。Let'sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedtocomeearlier.只用whether不用if的情况:放在句首时Whetherhewillcomeisnotsure.放在be等系动词之后Theproblemiswhetherhewillcome.放在介词后Heisthinkingaboutwhetherhehasshutthedoor.和ornot连用Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.whethertodoIamnotsurewhethertoaccepthisinvitation.3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导,因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。实用文案你知道他刚刚说什么了吗?Idon'trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho/whomwehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.二、 时态如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),从句的时态可根据实际情况而定任何一种时态。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.IhearthatJim ( be)aworkertwoyearsago.IhearthatJim ( be)anEnglishteachernow.IhearthatJim (cook)dinnertomorrow.IhearthatJim (sing)apopularsongnow.IhearthatJim ( be)totheGreatWalltwice.IhearthatJim ( play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.HewillgotoHongKong.---Hesaidthathe toHongKong.Heissick.---Hesaidthathe sick.Heisreadingabook.---Hesaidthathe abook.Hehasfinishedhiswork.---Hesaidthathe hiswork三、 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon'tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon'tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.Whoarewegoingtomeet?实用文案Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?They'renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.They'renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.注意事项could/would是委婉语气,不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词用thatShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别:Doyouknowif backnextweek?Ifhe back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcome B.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comes D.hewillcome,willcomeIdon'tknowwhenhe (come).Ican'twaithereanymore.Whenhe (come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?连词+宾语从句===连词+todoTOC\o"1-5"\h\zIdon'tknowwhatIshalldonext.===Idon'tknow .Shedidn'tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.===Shedidn'tdecide .Pleasetellmewhomyou'llgivetheletterto.===Pleasetellme .it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。❖我认为每天喝大量开水是有必要的否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。(否定前移的条件是:主句主语时一人称)❖我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。注意:这种句型的反义疑问句,应与从句主谓保持一致。Idon'tthinkthatyoucandoit, ?Wedon'tbelievethatthenewsistrue, ?虚拟语气的运用在表建议:suggest,advise,propose;表要求:demand,desire,request;表决定:decide;表 命令:order,command,require;表坚决主张:insist;等动词后的宾语从句,用(should)+doIsuggestthatyoushouldstudyhard.Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.宾语从句中that不能省的情况a.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上的宾语从句是,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省
实用文案❖Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.b.当it作形式宾语时❖Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.c.当宾语从句前置时❖Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.巩固提升Theyoungmanasked it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whetherWedon'tknow theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichTheteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.when D.whattimeDoesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatIwonder heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.how D.whenHaveyoufoundout wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whetherLilysaid shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.if B.thatC.when D.whereIdon'tknow hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.when D.whetherCouldyoushowme ?Couldyoushowme ?A.howcanIgettothestationC.howIcouldgettothestationPleasetellme .whereisthestationD.howIcanreachthestationA.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikes11.Mysistertoldhim A.whatdaywasit B.whenthetrainarrivedA.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikes11.Mysistertoldhim A.whatdaywasit B.whenthetrainarrived12.Couldyoutellmewherewe nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoC.whoshewaswaitingD.willgoD.whathelikeD.wheredidyouliveCouldyoutellmehowmuchCouldyoutellmehowmuch toflytoHainan?A.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcostsA.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcostsTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThesmallchildrendon'tknow .A.whatistheirstockingsin B.whatisintheirstockingswhereistheirstockingsin D.whatintheirstockingsSomeoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee .A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitisCouldyoutellmehowlong ?A.youhaveboughtthewatchyouhavekeptthissciencebookhaveyoubeenawayfromChinahaveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChinaHesaysthatifit tomorrow,he fishing.实用文案A.willrain,won'tgo B.rained,wasn'tgo C.rains,won'tgo D.rain,willPredicativeClauses表语从句一、定义:在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于主句的系动词后。表语从句说明主语是什么或者怎么样,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内具体化。二、表语从句的构成---结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”Thisiswhyhedidit.主语系动词表语从句常见的系动词分为以下几种:A.Be动词类表示持续的系动词:keep,remain,stay感官动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel表示由一类状态转为另一类状态:get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run表终止的系动词:prove,turnout,seem,appear三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类:(引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。)从属连词:that/whether/asif/asthough/as/because(注:if不引导表语从句)连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词:when/where/why/how/becausethat引导的表语从句1)that在从句中仅起连接作用,无实际意义,在句中不做任何成分,不能省略。我们的目的是他能意识到自己的错误。事实是她就是我们正在找的那个人。ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.Thereasonwasthathewaslateforschool.2)在表“建议,劝说,命令"的名词idea,suggestion,request,proposal后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.whether在表语从句中表是否、究竟、到底,但不充当句子的成分。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Whatthedoctordoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromthediseasesoon.关键是我们是否能解决问题。由asif,asthough引导表语从句,表示好像。句子中的系动词常用be,look,appear,seem,sound等。常用虚拟语气,表示不存在的动作或状态。Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl.Itseemsasifshehadbeentothemoonmanytimes.看起来好像要下雨。实用文案听起来好像有人在敲门。4.as引导表语从句。Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与10年前一样。because引导表语从句。常用结构:This/That/Itis/wasbecause...Myangerisbecauseyouhaven'twrittentomeforalongtime.ThatisbecauseIdon'tlikeEnglish.我想这是因为你做得太多。这是仅仅因为他不认识她。连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,wh-ever除在句子中起连接作用外,还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语,且各有各的词义。Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。我想问的是谁离开了。连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语,本身具有词义。That'swhereIcan'tagreewithyou.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。问题是他是如何做此事的。注意:当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that来引导,而不能由because引导;because引导表语从句时只能用于This/That/Itis/wasbecause...ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.Thatiswhy...与thatisbecause...Thariswhy...(why引导表语从句)=Thatisthereasonwhy...(why引导定语从句)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.Thatisthereasonwhyshefailedtopassedtheexam.Thatiswhy...指各种原因所造成的后果,Thatisbecause...指原因或理由Iwasangry.Thatisbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.Thatiswhyhegotfiredfromthatfirm.Thereason(why.../for...)is/wasthat... 的原因是 ThereasonforhisabsenceisthathegotuplateThereasonwhyheisabsentisthathegotuplate.
实用文案四、表语从句引导词注意事项that引导表语从句时不能省.if不能引导表语从句.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。4.除that,whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分巩固提升That's___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.thatThereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whereJaneisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whenThequestionis wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether6.Thereasonwhyhefailedis hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof7.Goandgetyourcoat.It's youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethereD.thatwecangetD.That…what8.TheproblemisD.thatwecangetD.That…whatA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetWhatIwanttoknowis helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填Thereasonis Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.why D.whatTheproblemis hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that hereallymeansis hedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…what她不能理解越来越少的学生对她的课不感兴趣。我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。实用文案定语从句AttributiveClauses一、 定义:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。二、 结构:先行词+关系词+句子先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。三、 关系代词引导的定语从句who指人,在定语从句中作主语。正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.whom扌旨人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.你正在等的教授已经来了。老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。Thehouse_whichisbythelakelooksnice.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。That指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。可翻译出【 的】我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.实用文案我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:---Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.---Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.---Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?---Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意:1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.( )ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking. ( )Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.( )Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.( )若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whoseoThemanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.( )Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.( )TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.( )TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.( )“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如:Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.文案大全实用文案我们班总共有40个学生,大多数来自大城市。Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.迄今为止,他写了10部小说,其中3部是关于农村生活的。五、关系副词引导的定语从句when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗?2.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy?why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如:Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.自从他在农村读小学时,他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。六、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句形式上:限制性定语从句不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。非限制性定语从句用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上:限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。非限定性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上:限定性定语从句译成先行词的定语:“...的”非限定性定语从句通常译成主句的并列句。限制性定语从句举例:TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。非限制性定语从句举例:Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他,对他要求很严格。China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.中国是1949年成立的,现在正变得越来越强大。文案大全实用文案LastsummerIvisitedthePeople'sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.去年夏天,我参观了人民大会堂,在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义:Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句时,其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。具体情况是:as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。如:Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他很诚实,这一点我们看得出来。as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外,as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如:Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知,中国是发展中国家。Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.他是南方人,这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.正如你所知,约翰是个著名作家。ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.张华已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。注意:当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用Which。如:Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆老是迟到,这使得老师很恼火。Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.这些桌子是金属的,这使得这些桌子很重。当先行词受such,thesame修饰时,关系词常用as。如:I'veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意:当先行词受thesame修饰时,偶尔也用t
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