初中英语时态总结材料较简单

初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构（一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，和一般将来时态）及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。1、一般现在时：用法：1） 现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：Igetupatsixeverymorning.Heplaystennisonceaweek.2） 现在的状态。例如：Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.3） 客观真理。例如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：often，usually，sometimes，always，everyday，never，inthemorning等连用时。构成：主语是I,we,you,they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he,she,it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：一般情况+s以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es以辅音+y结尾变y为i+es主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数否定式:S+don't/doesn't+V+其他疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他简略回答:（肯）Yes,S+do/does（否）No,S+do/doesnot注意：have的第三人称单数为has主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don'tlikemusic.Manypeopledon'tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents?Ishe/sheastudent?Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic?• 当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时:肯定式：S+be+…否定式：S+be+not+…疑问式：Am/Is/Are+S+…？实用文档简略回答:（肯）Yes,S+be.（否）No,S+be.练习题：---MayIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit .A.didn'tworkB.doesn'tworkC.won'tworkD.can'twork2． thebusuntilit ..A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don'tgetoff,stopsD.Don'tgetoff,willstop3．The70-year-oldman exercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake现在进行时用法：1） 说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：Sheishavingabathnow.2） 现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：Youareworkinghardtoday.KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.3） 频度副词always,forever等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。如：Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.（表示欣赏，表扬）4） 表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等动词）。如Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o'clock..5）常用于现在进行时态的时间状语：now,look,listen等。构成：be+v-ingv-ing现在分词的构成：一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ingmake-making,taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.run-running,stop-stopping,2）肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式肯定句：S+be+V-ing否定句：S+be+not+V-ing一般疑问句：Is（Are）+S+V-ing？特殊疑问：wh_+be+S+V-ing?e.g.主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和Iamdriving.Iamnotdriving.Areyoudriving?第三人称复数以及名词复数He/She/Itisworking.We/You/They are doingsomething.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything.Ishe/she/itworking?Are you/they doingsomething?练习题：1．Idon'tthinkthatit'strue.She's lies.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.toldHow you withthenewjob?A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon3．---Arethesesocksyours?---No.Mine outsideontheclothesline.A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung—般将来时用法：1．将要发生的动作。例如：IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2．将要存在的状态。例如：ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?3．打算要做的事。例如：Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrownextweek in2008等。构成：助动词will(shall)+vbe+goingto+v练习题：I forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport？A.amleavingB.amleft C.amgoingtoleavingD.left2.I toseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek.A.came B.amgoingcomeC.comeD.willcomeWeChinese theOlympicGamesin2008.A.held B.shallholdingC.areholdingD.aregoingtohold一般过去时用法：过去发生的动作。例如：Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.实用文档2．过去存在的状态。例如Theyweren'tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.3.常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，threemonthsago，lastyear，in1979，等。•构成：S+V-ed用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母+y结尾去y变i+ed重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主语肯定式否定式疑问式Iwasastudent.Iwasnotastudent.Wereyouastudent.We/You/TheywereWe/You/TheywerenotWereyou/theystudents?第一、二人称和第三人students.students.Washe/sheastudent?称复数以及名词复数He/Shewasastudent.He/Shewasnotastudent.Didyou/theylikemusic?I/We/You/They/likedI/We/You/They/Didmanypeoplelikemusic?music.didn'tlikemusic.ManypeoplelikedManypeopledidn'tlikemusic.music.练习题：1．r.Mottisout.Buthe hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.is C.willbeD.wouldbe2．---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I youwerehere.A.don'tknowB.won'tthinkC.thinkD.didn'tknow3．HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI .A.come B.wouldcomeC.comeD.hadcome5、过去进彳丁时•概念：1）过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进丁的动作。例如：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight?2）常用于过去进丁时的时间状语：文案大全atfouryesterdayafternoon，then，atthattime/moment等。构成：was/were+v-ing1）Daddypromisedmehe meacomputerA.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy2）Theysaidthey dosomesportsifitwasfine.A.weregoingtoB.wentC.wouldgoingD.weregoing6、现在完成时概念：1） 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already,just,ever,never,before等词连用.如:Shehasneverreadthisnovel.2） 表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去.常与for（后跟段时间）或since（后跟点时间）等连用.如:IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago.注：在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：Hehasdiedfor3years.（F）Hehasbeendeadfor3years.（T）注：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in1998,lastmorning等②have/hasbeento表示“去过"（去了又回来了）have/hasgoneto表示“去过”（去了没回来了）如：Wherehasshegone?（句中所指的人不在）Wherehasshebeen?（句中作指的人在）构成：have/has+v-ing2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：肯定句：S+have（has）+V-ed否定句：S+have（has）+not（haven't,hasn't）+V-ed一般疑问句：Have（Has）+S+V-ed+？特殊疑问句：wh_+have（has）+S+V-ed+？主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm.I/We/You/Theyhaven'tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn'tbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven'tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore?Hashe/shebeenherebefore?Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm?练习题：1.--Howlong he afever?---Eversincelastnight.A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,haveMybowlisempty.Who allmysoup?A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drankI youforalongtime.Where you ?A.Didn'tseen;did,goB.didn'tsee;have,goneC.haven'tseen;have,beenD.haven'tseen;havegone7、过去完成时态用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是“过去的过去”常与bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday，等连用。如：Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for（后跟段时间）或since（后跟点时间）等连用.如:Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.构成：肯定式：had+V_ed否定式：hadn't+V_ed疑问式：Had…+V_ed简略回答:Yes,S+have/hashad.No,S+had实用文档选择最佳答案填空（）1.Wellgoswimmingiftheweather finetomorrow.A.is B.wasC.willbeD.isgoingtobe（）2.It fiveyearssincehehasleftforBeijing.A.wasB.hasbeenC.is D.isgoingtobe（）3.Pleasedontleavetheofficeuntilyourfriend back.A.cameB.comesC.havecome D.willcome（）4.Bytheendoflastyearhe about1500Englishwords.A.learnsB.learnedC.waslearningD.hadlearned（）5.Listen!Someone inthenextroom.A.criedB.cryingC.iscryingD.hascried（）6.Youmusttellhimthenewsassoonasyou him.A.seeB.seesC.willseeD.isseeing（）7.Hetoldmethathe toseeusthenextday.A.comesB.came C.willcome D.wouldcome（）8.Wecantfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe home.A.isgoingB.wentC.hascomeD.wouldcome（）9.Theteachertoldusthatthesun biggerthantheearth.A.isB.wasC.hasbeen D.willbe（）10.Couldyoutellmewheretherailwaystation ?A.wasB.isC.willbe D.wouldbe（）11.We totheGreatWallseveraltimes.A.goB.weregoingC.havegoneD.havebeen（）12.Itseemedthattheoldman forsomethingoverthere.A.looks B.looked C.waslooking D.haslooked（）13.Hewassurethathe hiswalletintheoffice.A.leftB.wouldleave C.hadleft D.hasleft（）14.Youmuststudyhardifyou wanttofailtheexam.A.wontB.dontC.haventD.hadnt（）A.dont（）A.read,wasfalling（15.Imafraidyoucantsithere.Sorry,I know.B.wont C.cant D.didnt16.Asshe thenewspaper（）A.dont（）A.read,wasfalling（15.Imafraidyoucantsithere.Sorry,I know.B.wont C.cant D.didnt16.Asshe thenewspaper,Granny asleep.B.wasreadingfell C.wasreading,wasfalling D.read,fell）17.Jimisnotcomingtonight.B.promisedI_A.promises（许诺）（ ）18.Whatshername?A.forget B.forgot三、动词时态能力综合测试（ ）1.Heoften hisclothesonSundays.A.washing B.washes C.haswashed（ ）2.I'mChinese.Where from?A.doyoucome B.youarecoming（ ）3.May toschool.A.neverwalks B.isneverwalking（ ）4.Wewillstartassoonasourteacher___A.comes B.willcome C.come（ ）5.Howlongago playingfootball?A.haveyoustopped B.hadyoustopped（ ）6.It hardwhenIleftmyhouse.Buthe !C.willpromiseC.hadforgottenD.hadpromisedD.amforgettingC.youcomeC.walkneverD.washD.iscomingC.didyoustopD.areyoucomingD.neveriswalkingD.doyoustopD.willrainA.israining B.rains C.wasraining（ ）7.Ithinkthisquestion toanswer.A.easy B.iseasy C.waseasy（ ）8.Donttalksoloudly.Yourfather A.sleepsB.issleeping C.slept D.hadslept（ ）9.Howmanypeopledoesthedoctorknowwho ofthedisease（疾病）？A.aredying B.isdying C.hasdied D.dies（ ）10.I myhomeworknow.A.finish B.finishedD.willeasyC.havefinishedD.hadfinished实用文档（）11.He forthreeyears.A.hasjoined B.hasbeeninthearmy C.joined D.hasservedthearmy（）12.Hisgrandfather forthirtyyears.A.died B.wasdead C.hasbeendeadD.hasdied（）13.I frommybrotherforalongtime.A.nothaveheard B.havenotheard C.haveheardnot D.donothear（）14.Maths,oneofthemostimportantsubjects, alwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC.are D.is（）15.DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear? .A.No,hedidnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonehereC.No,heneverwasthere D.No,hehasneverbeenthere（）16.He thatfactorysince1958.A.hasleftB.hasworkedinC.hasgonefrom D.hascometo（）17.Ourteacher toBeijingthreetimes.A.went B.hadgone C.hasgoneD.hasbeen（）18.LastweekJohn hisleg.A.feltandbroken B.fellandbroke C.feelsandbreaks D.fallenandbroken（）19.Jack histhickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.A.putsonB.putonC.takesonD.tookon（）20.He thepictureonthewall.A.hangedB.hungC.hashangedD.washanged（）21.Nextmonth twentyfive.A.hasmysister B.mysisterwillbe C.mysistershallhave D.mysisteri