大学英语自学课程（下）-北京科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

大学英语自学课程（下）_北京科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年TheIndustrialRevolutionwasaperiodwhenthepopulationgrewfastestinNorthAmerica.

参考答案:

错误

Whenchangingjobs,youngpeoplewill.

参考答案:

getthemselvesadaptedtothechange

Inthelate1800s,theworld’spopulationreachedonebillion.

参考答案:

错误

MorefoodwasgrownbecausenewmachineswereinventedduringtheIndustrialRevolution.

参考答案:

正确

BritishAirwaysplanstotake______TransWorldAirways.

参考答案:

over

Youngmencancommunicatebetterinthat.

参考答案:

theyhavebeenfamiliarwithcommunicationskills

Tobetterassumeresponsibility,today’smanagersareadvisedto.

参考答案:

encouragetheirpeople

SectionDDirections:Readthefollowingtextabouttheyounggeneration’sperformanceintheirjobs.Forquestions41-45,choosetheanswer(A,B,CorD)whichyouthinkfitsbestaccordingtothetext.TheYoungGenerationPerformsBetterManyyoungerpeoplearebetterwhenitcomestogettingthejobdonethanolderones.AtleastthatiswhatmanagementexpertStephenDenningsaysinhisbook“TheLeader’sGuidetoRadicalManagement”.Theroleofmanagershaschangedintoday’sworld.Whilethemanagerofthe20thcenturyhadtosupervisepeopleandteachthemhowtodothings,today’smanagershavetomotivatetheirworkersandgetthemtoliketheirjob.Denningpointsoutthattherearesomeareaswhereyoungerpeoplefulfilltheserequirementsbetter.Forone,theyareabletofindinformationfasterthanolderworkers,whoarenotthatfamiliarwithhowtheInternetworks.Theycandownloaddatafasterandinstallsoftwarequickerthanoldercolleagues.AStanfordstudyhasshownthatyoungerpeoplecanwriteandcommunicatebetterthanolderones,simplybecausetheyhavebeendoingitsincetheywerechildren.Thestudysaysthattextingmessagesandstayingonlinemostofthetimeimprovesyourcommunicationskills.Theyoungergenerationismoremobileandflexiblewhenitcomestochangingjobs.Theycanadaptmoreeasilytothechangingworldandtakeonjobsthatdonotdependonexperiencealone.Manyyoungpeoplestarttheirownbusinessesiftheyfindoutthattheycan’tfindajob.Theyoftendothiswithlittleornomoneyatall.Theyoftenchoosepart-timejobs,justforthesakeofbeingemployed.Youngerpeoplehavefoundoutthatthereisnosuchthingasasecurejob.Andbeingolderandmoreexperiencedisnolongerthekeytosuccess.Manyyoungpeopledon’tcaresomuchabouthowmuchmoneytheyearnandhowfasttheycanclimbuptheladderofsuccess.Theycareabouttheirqualityoflife.41.WhatinformationdoesStephenDenning’sbookconveytoreaders?

参考答案:

Youngmencanperformbetterintheirjobs.

__________

参考答案:

F

SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingtextaboutanalyzingaproblem.Fivesentenceshavebeenremovedfromthetext.ChoosethebestsentencefromthelistA-Fonthenextpagetofillineachofthegaps(36-40).Thereisoneextrasentencewhichyoudonotneedtouse.SixStagesinAnalyzingaProblemPeopledonotanalyzeeveryproblemtheymeet.Sometimestheytrytorememberasolutionfromthelasttimetheyhadasimilarproblem.Theyoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasofotherpeople.Othertimestheytrytofindasolutionbytrialanderror.(36)_______________.Firstthepersonmustrecognizethatthereisaproblem.Forexample,Sam’sbicycleisbroken,andhecannotreadittoclassasheusuallydoes.Sammustseethatthereisaproblemwithhisbicycle.Nextthethinkermustdefinetheproblem.(37)_______________.Forinstance,hemustdetermineiftheproblemiswiththegears(齿轮),thebrakes,ortheframe.Hemustmakehisproblemmorespecific.Nowthepersonmustlookforinformationthatwillmaketheproblemclearerandleadtopossiblesolutions.Forinstance,supposeSamdecidedthathisbikedoesnotworkbecausethereissomethingwrongwiththegearwheels.(38)_______________.Hecantalktohisfriendsatthebikeshop.Hecanlookathisgearscarefully.Afterstudyingtheproblem,thepersonshouldhaveseveralsuggestionsforapossiblesolution.TakeSamasanillustration.Hissuggestionsmightbe:putoilonthegearwheels;buynewgearwheelsandreplacetheoldones;tightenorloosenthegearwheels.(39)_______________.Sometimesthefinalideacomesverysuddenlybecausethethinkersuddenlyseessomethingneworseessomethinginanewway.Sam,forexample,suddenlyseesthatthereisapieceofchewinggumbetweenthegearwheels.Heimmediatelyrealizesthesolutiontohisproblem:hemustcleanthegearwheels.Finallythesolutionistested.(40)_______________.Inshort,hehassolvedtheproblem.A.Eventuallyonesuggestionseemstobethesolutiontotheproblem.B.Atthistime,hecanlookinhisbicyclerepairbook.C.BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustfindoutthereasonwhyitdoesnotwork.D.Consequentlyoneshouldtesthisownreasoningpoweragainsttheproblem.E.However,whenallthesemethodsfail,thepersonwithaproblemhastostartanalyzing.F.Samcleansthegearwheelsandfindsthatafterwardshisbicycleworksperfectly.36.__________

参考答案:

E

Inthepastdecades,theworld’spopulationgrowthhasbalancedwell.

参考答案:

错误

Inmodernsocietybirthratesdeclinedinthedevelopedcountries,whilethoseindevelopingonesstayedhigh.

参考答案:

正确

Inthelate20thcentury,couplesinEuropewereunwillingtohavetoomanybabies.

参考答案:

正确

Theyconvertedtheoldschool______luxuryflats.

参考答案:

into

Thehiringcommitteeconsists______tenmembers.

参考答案:

of

PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.markconfusedintentionallylikelypotentialknowncalleduponnaturalasopposedtoevenifGiftsarethosetalentsandabilitiesthatflowalmosteffortlesslyfromus.Giftsaresometimes___16___withskills.Whileskillscanbedeveloped,giftsaresomethingwearebornwith—theyarewhatwediscoveraswetrynewthingsandfindthatsomethingsareas___17___tousasbreathing.Whenwe___18___makeadecisiontocreateourlifeandworkbasedonourgifts,wearenotonlymore___19___tosucceed,butcanalsomorethoroughlyenjoythejourneytowardcreatingandrealizingourfull___20___.Takeinventoryofyourlifetodeterminewhereyouareutilizinglearnedanddevelopedskills___21___expressingandhonoringyourinnategifts.Areyouoperatingbasedonwhatyouthinkyou“ought”tobedoingorareyoulivinganauthenticlifethatisrichandfulfilling?___22___youarenotinaplacetopursueanewcareerbasedonyourgifts,lookforwaystomakeyourgifts___23___toothersanddemonstratetheminasmanyareasofyourlifeaspossible.Themoreyourgiftsare___24___,themorenaturallyyouwillfullyacceptandpromotethosegifts.Themoreyouexpressyourlifethroughyourinnategifts,themoreyouwillexcel.It’sabeautifullyself-perpetuatingprocessonceyoumakethedecisiontobegin.Yourgiftsareyoursignature,youruniquepaintbrushes—usethemtoexpressyourgreatnessandmakeyour___25___ontheworld!16.__________

参考答案:

confused

___________

参考答案:

calledupon

Thiscrisisis______themostseriousintheorganization’shistory.

参考答案:

potentially

SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingarticleabouttheworld’spopulationgrowthandchoose“True”or“False”forsentences26-35.GrowthoftheWorld’sPopulationToday,almost7billionpeopleliveonourearth.Eachyear,theworld’spopulationgrowsbyabout80million.Ifitcontinuestogrowatsucharate,theworld’spopulationwillreach9billionbytheyear2035.Humanbeingshavebeenlivingonearthforoveramillionyears,butforalongtimetherewerenotverymanyofthem.Theworld’spopulationwasneverhigherthan10million.Peoplediedquicklybecausetheydidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat.Earlyinhabitantsweremostlyhuntersandfishers.Afterpeoplestartedgrowingcropsandraisinganimals,theyhadmorefoodandlivedlonger.About2,000yearsago,about300millionpeopleinhabitedtheearth.Duringthenext1500yearstheworld’spopulationgrewveryslowly.Manypeoplediedofillnesses.TheBlackDeath,whichsailorsbroughttoEuropefromAsia,killedaboutathirdoftheEuropeanpopulationintheMiddleAges.TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthemiddleofthe18thcentury,startedaperiodofrapidpopulationgrowth,especiallyinEurope.Farmerswereabletogrowmoreandmorefoodbecausetheyhadmachinestoworkwith.Newkindsofmedicinehelpedtofightoffmanydiseasesthathadkilledmillionsofpeopleinthecenturiesbefore.Birthratesstartedtogoupbecausefamilieshadmanychildren.Theonebillionmarkwasreachedintheearly1800s.Inthenextonehundredyearsthepopulationdoubledto2billion,andin1960therewere3billionpeoplelivingonearth.Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturybroughtalongsomechange:InEurope,andNorthAmerica,thebirthratedroppedbecausefamilieswantedtohavefewerchildren.InthedevelopingcountriesofAsiaandAfricabirthratesstayedhighandbettermedicalhelpintheseregionsloweredthedeathrates.Inthelast30years,theworld’spopulationhasdoubled.Thefastestgrowingregion,Africa,hasagrowthrateof2.8%,theslowestgrowingregion,Europe,about0.3%.Onaverage,theworld’spopulationisgrowingatarateof1.5%peryear.26.Iftheworld’spopulationgrowsatarateof80millionperyear,itwillreach9billionby2035.

参考答案:

正确

Whatdotheyounggenerationcaremost?

参考答案:

Thequalityoflife.

Thefilmhas______itspositionasthecritics’favouriteforanotheryear.

参考答案:

maintained

Overamillionyearsago,forefathersweremostlyhuntersandfishers.

参考答案:

正确

PartIVocabularySectionADirections:Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.immenseexistencevitalperformanceattemptsignalfulfillmaintainpotenti