初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析(整理)

初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"to+动词原形"，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式作主语Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+名词(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.(北京市海淀区)4.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to(安徽省)二、动词不定式作宾语在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)三、动词不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)作句子的表语：不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语如：Herdreamistobeapoliceman.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.Mydreamistoownarobot.Thedoctor’ssuggestionistotakemoreexercise.Thebestwayistotalktoyourparents.HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer.needtodosth.需要做某事needdoingsth.需要被做goontodosth.继续做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做原来在做的事trytodo努力、企图做某事；trydoing实验、试着做某事；regrettodo对要做的事遗憾；regretdoing对做过的事遗憾；can’thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事；can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事。1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖北省)3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)在see，hear，watch，feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)6.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于"begladto"，"wouldlike(love)to"，"haveto"等结构中。1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江省)2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mgladC.Yes,I'dlovetoD.I'dlike(大连市)六、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。例如：Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.（作宾语）Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.（作主语）注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?)Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?)在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?Howtodoitisaproblem.(=Howweshoulddoit.)Ireallydon’tknowwhattowriteabout.(=whatIshouldwriteabout)Thetroubleiswheretoputthemachine.(=whereweshouldputthemachine)IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.(=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell)Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.Pleaseshowushowtousethecomputer.Idon’tknowwhattobuyforyou.二，选择Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread三、选择1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake四．填空Peterwas________(make)outside.He_________(behear)unlockthedoorandgoout.Themanwasseen_______(shoot)thewomanonthestreet.Theoldladywasnoticed______(wipe)herfacewithahandkerchief.Iforgottoaskyou____gotothebank.Itisveryimportant______(turnoff)theelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.Iknowhow_________(make)amouseoutofmyhandkerchief.Luckily,wedon’thavemuchmorework_________.Shewasverypleased______(have)theopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishis______(get)marriedandhaveachild.五、真题练习1.Mymotheroftenasksme________early.(2003年北京)A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup2.Theteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.(2003年黑龙江)A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout3___isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年甘肃省)A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its4It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.(2002年深圳市)A.for;tohelpB.for;helpingC.of;tohelpD.of;helping5Theydecided________attheendofthismonth.(2002年济南市)A.toleaveB.goingC.travelD.notstartout6Allofusfound________difficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it7Pleasestop________arestifyoufeeltired.(2002年南宁市)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has8,There'senoughbirdfood________foramonth.(2001年山西省)A.tolastB.lastC.lastsD.lasted9,Shehasnopaper________.(2001年重庆市)A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon10Motheraskedme________somefruitaftersupper.(2003年新疆生产建设兵团)A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy11.Lethim________arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.(2003年济南市)A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has12Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren________intheroom.(2003年桂林市)A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed13.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.-Yes,sheisoftenseen________theoldmanwithhishousework.(2003年呼和浩特市)A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped14YesterdaymorningIgotupearly________belatefortheexam.(2002年上海市)A.inordertoB.inordertonotC.soasnottoD.soasto15Let's________soasnot________lateforthemeeting.A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobeC.hurry,tobeD.hurry,be16There'snodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon'tknow________.(2003年河南)A.whattochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat17ThestudentsofClassOnewillspendtheirwinterholidayinShenzhen,butthestudentsofClassTwohaven'tdecided________.(2003年广东省)A.whattobuyB.howtogoC.wheretogoD.whichtochoose18________thecomputerisaproblem.A.HowtouseB.Whattous