2023年考研考博-考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreatergloryofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.ShadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheAppoloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.TodayMarsloomsashumanity’snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakeleadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers:ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplaceinthepastwas（

）.2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis（

）.3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?4.Bysaying“WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen”(linel,Para.4),theauthormeansthat（

）.5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould（

）.问题1选项A.todisplaytheircountry’smilitarymightB.toaccomplishsomesignificantscienceC.tofindnewareasforcolonizationD.topursuecommercialandstateinterests问题2选项A.internationalcooperationB.nationalisticreasonsC.scientificresearchD.long-termprofits问题3选项A.Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.B.Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.C.Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.D.Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.问题4选项A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventuresB.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbyveryhighC.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbeforeD.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareissue问题5选项A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflifeB.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteoriteC.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginatesD.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse2.单选题Astrophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,‘two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.TherapidadvancesmadeinX-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstatratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,X-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?3.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?4.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz'workisthatit（

）.问题1选项A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicistsB.DefiningtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobservedC.ProvidinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewworkD.Exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk问题2选项A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.B.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.C.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.问题3选项A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.B.ImprovedtechniquesinX-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.问题4选项A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystarB.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstarC.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstarD.Theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar问题5选项A.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservationB.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomyC.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisksD.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars3.翻译题Criticismisavaluablemeansofhelpingourselvesandothersachievepersonalgrowth.However,becauseitisoftendonecarelesslyorcruelly,criticismhasabadreputation.Herearesomeguidelinesforofferingcriticismconstructively.First,waituntilthepersonasksforfeedbackonhisorherperformanceoractions.Unasked-forcriticismisnotusuallyvaluable.Second,describetheperson’sbehaviorasspecificallyaspossiblebeforeyoucriticizeit.Insteadofjustsaying,“Youwereawful,”tellthepersonexactlywhatyouobserved.Andfinally,trytobalanceyourcriticismwithpositivestatements.Lookforsignificantpointsintheotherperson’sperformancethatyoucanhonestlypraise.4.单选题Itwasabrief,shiningmomentinEgypt’shistory—atimeofepochalchangepresidedoverbyaPharaohnamedAkhenatenandhisbeautifulwifeNefertiti.Duringhis17-yearreigntheoldgodswerecastaside,monotheismwasintroduced,andtheartsliberatedfromtheirstiflingrigidity.EvenEgypt’scapitalwasmovedtoanewcityalongtheNilecalledAkhetaten(modernAmarna).ButlikeCamelot,itwasshort-lived,anditslegacywasburiedinthedesertsands.NowAkhenaten’s3,400-year-oldworldhasbeenbrilliantlyrecalledinanexhibittitled“PharaohsoftheSun:Akhenaten,Nefertiti,Tutankhamen,”whichopensthisweekatBoston’sMuseumofFineArts.Partofthecity’seight-monthtributetoancientEgypt(operas,balletandanIMAXfilm),itisauniqueassemblageofmorethan250objectsfromEgypt’s18thdynasty,someofwhichhavelanguishedunseeninstoreroomsandprivatecollectionsfordecades.Theyrangefromlarger-than-lifestatuesofAkhenatentoexquisitelysculptedreliefsanddazzlingjewelrytosuchpoignantremindersofeverydaylifeasaperfectlypreservedchild’ssandal.TheexhibitilluminatesamurkyperiodinEgyptianhistorythatcuratorRitaFreeddescribesashaving“alltheelementsofasoapopera.”WhenAmenhotepIV,ashewasoriginallycalled,ascendedthethronein1353B.C.,Egyptwasaflourishingempire,atpeacewithitsneighbors.Yetthereweretroublingsigns.HisfatherAmenhotepIIIhadalreadychallengedthepowerfulpriesthoodbyproclaimingthesungodAtenasforemostamongEgyptiandeitiesandhimselfashislivingincarnation.Hissonshookthingsupevenmore,notonlychanginghisnametohonorthenewgod(Akhenatenmeans“onewhoservesAten”)butalsobanishingtheoldergods,especiallythepriestlyfavoriteAmen.SomescholarsbelieveAkhenaten’smonotheism,ahistoricfirst,inspiredtheHebrewprophets,butithadthemoreimmediateeffectoffreeingEgypt’sartists.TheycouldnowportraythePharaohandthevoluptuousNefertiti(whomayhavesharedthethronewithhim)inafarmorecasual,realisticway.Akhenaten’scone-shapedhead,elongatedface,fingersandtoes,potbellyandflaringhipshaveledsomescholarstosuggestthathehadhydrocephalusorMarfan’ssyndrome.Hewascertainlyarevolutionary,propelledeitherbymadnessorbygreatvision.Still,hischangesdidnotendure.Afterhisdeath,hisson-in-law(andperhapsson)TutankhamenmovedthepoliticalandreligiouscapitalsbacktoMemphisandThebesrespectivelyandreinstatedtheoldgods.Egyptianartreturnedtoitsclassic,ritualizedstyle.AndlikeCamelot,Akhenaten’soncebustlingcapitalbecameonlyamythicmemory.“PharaohsoftheSun”willremaininBostonuntilFebruary,thentraveltoLosAngeles,ChicagoandLeiden,theNetherlands.26.WhichofthefollowingeventdidnothappenduringAkhenaten’sreignoverEgypt?27.WecanlearnfromthetextthatinBoston,manyactivitiesareheldastributetoancientEgyptexcept______.28.TheviewsofAkhenatenandhisfatheronthesungodAtenare______.29.Tutankhamen,accordingtothetext,probably______.30.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitonancientEgypt’s18thdynasty?问题1选项A.Hebanishedtheoldergods.B.Peoplehadtoworshiponegod—thesungodAten.C.Egyptianartistssufferedfromamorecasual,realisticwayofportraying.D.HebuiltanewcapitalalongtheNile.问题2选项A.pageantB.balletC.operasD.movie问题3选项A.oppositeB.controversialC.complementaryD.similar问题4选项A.movedthepoliticalcapitalbacktoThebesB.gavetheoldergodsbacktheirpreviouspositionC.mighthadgotsomediseasethatmadehisfacelongerthanthehealthypeopleD.movedthereligiouscapitalbacktoMemphis问题5选项A.Itmainlyconsistsofstatuesofthepharaohsofthattime.B.ItwilllastforeightmonthsinBoston.C.Itisveryenlighteningforpeopletoknowthatperiod.D.Theobjectsontheexhibitusedtobestoredinprivatecollection.5.翻译题Thefactthatourcomputernetworkissoadvancedwillalsosoongiveustheopportunitytoshareourteachingexpertisewithlocalcompaniesandevenotheruniversities;adedicatedcenterfordistancelearningisalreadyunderdiscussion.Wewillincreasinglyuseinternet-basedcomputercourses,toenhanceourownteachingandalsotoreachstudentsoutsidetheuniversity.Thatdoesn’tmeancomputerterminalswilldisplacepeople;studentsarealwaysgoingtoneedadviceandhigh-qualitytuitiononthespot.Butitdoesmeanwecanrefineourteachingcoursesovertimeandmakethemavailableinthemanneroftextbooks.Inaddition,withintheuniversityitself,accessisgoingtoremainourkeypriority.6.翻译题Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.7.翻译题过去十年间，中国手机网络的发展可谓有目共睹，几乎每年都会新增约八千万用户，但据英国广播公司报道，在某种程度上，真正的通讯革命才刚刚开始。今年，中国将取代美国成为世界最大的智能手机市场。对很多中国人来说，智能手机使他们第一次拥有了通向互联网的私人路径。这对于信息技术开发商、尤其是移动手机应用程序开发商来说是非比寻常的机遇。那么，应用程序开发商是怎么在中国赚到钱的呢？一种方法就是尝试“应用内销售”一一他们推出免费的应用程序，一旦用户被吸引，再以较低的价格卖给他们体验增强版。虽然中国的用户只愿意出几分钱来购买升级服务，但只要想想用户多达数百万，加在一起很快就是一大笔钱。不过，对于非游戏类应用程序开发商来说，要发展就得依靠广告收益。8.单选题Whatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousing?Agooddealdepends,ofcourse,onthemeaningof"futureIfoneisthinkingintermsofsciencefictionandthespaceage,itisatleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefiction,fromH.GWellsonwards,havehadlittletosayonthesubject.Theyhaveconveyedthesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfort,witheveryconceivableapparatustomakelifesmooth,healthyandeasy,ifnothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof.Perhapssomenewbuildingmaterial,asyetunimagined,willhavebeendiscoveredorinventedatleast.Onemaybecertainthatbricksandmortarwilllonghavegoneoutoffashion.Buttheproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),millionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationoratthebestsufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethiscentur3tisout.Butnobodyhasyetworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworld,wherehousingcanbelightstructureorinbackwardsareaswherestandardsaretraditionallylow.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsofsomekindandintheteeming,bulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing1'offlattenedpetrolcansanddittycanvasisfarmorewastefulofgroundspacethancanbetolerated.Sincethewar,HongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelytoariseinmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.Literallymillionsofrefugeesarrivedtoswellthealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakenrapidlytopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthespreadcrime.Thecityistacklingthesituationenergeticallyandenormousblocksoftenementsarerisingatanastonishingspeed.ButHongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnotmerelyahousingproblem,becausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereareaccompanyingproblemsofeducation,transport,hospitalservicesdrainage,watersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamaygivethesameresourcesasHongKongtodrawuponandthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease.1.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofhousingproblemsinthefirstparagraph?2.Thewriterbelievesthatinthedistantfuture（

）.3.Thewriterbelievesthatthebiggestproblemslikelytoconfronttheworldbeforetheendofthecentury（

）.4.Whenthewritersaysthattheworstsituationwilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworldorinbackwardareas,heisreferringtothefactthatintheseparts（

）.5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizesParagraph3?问题1选项A.TheymaybecompletelysolvedatsometimeinthefutureB.TheyareunimportantandeasilydealtwithC.TheywillnotbesolveduntilanewbuildingmaterialhasbeendiscoveredD.Theyhavebeendealtwithinspecificdetailinbooksdescribingthefuture问题2选项A.bricksandmortarwillbereplacedbysomeotherbuildingmaterialB.anewbuildingmaterialwillhavebeeninventedC.bricksandmortarwillnotbeusedbypeoplewhowanttheirhousetobefashionableD.anewwayofusingbricksandmortarwillhavebeendiscovered问题3选项A.isdifficulttoforeseeB.willbehowtofeedtheevergrowingpopulationC.willbehowtoprovideenoughhousesinthehottestpartsoftheworldD.isthequestionoffindingenoughgroundspace问题4选项A.standardsofbuildingarelowB.onlyminimumshelterwillbepossibleC.thereisnotenoughgroundspaceD.thepopulationgrowthwillbethegreatest问题5选项A.HongKonghasfacedaseriouscrisiscausedbymillionsofrefugeesB.HongKonghassuccessfullydealtwiththeemergencycausedbymillionsofrefugeesC.HongKong’scrisiswasnotonlyamatterofhousingbutincludedanumberofotherproblemsofpopulationgrowth.D.ManypartsoftheworldmayhavetofacethekindofproblemsencounteredbyHongKongandmanyfinditmuchhardertodealwiththem9.翻译题China'sprolongedsilenceaboutitsdestructionoftheFengYun1-Csatellite,whichitlaunchedin1999,hasbeenalmostasunnervingtoitspotentialenemies(American,JapanandTaiwanespecially)astheexperimentitself.Itwasonlythisweek12daysaftertheeventthatChinagrudginglyadmittedthatithadtestedsomethinginspace.ThishasledtospeculationthatChinawillnotdescribeopenlywhatactuallyhappened.Aforeign-ministryspokesmaninsistedthatChinawouldnotengageinanarmsraceinspace.YetitishardtoseethetestotherthanasadisplayofChina’sabilitytochallengeAmericanspacepower.IthastriggeredachorusofcomplaintfromWesternpowers,aswellasfromneighboringJapanandTaiwan.ChinasaysitdidbriefAmericanandJapaneseofficials,amongothers,onwhathappenedbutnot,itappears,untiljustbeforeitconfirmedthetesttothepress.ChinawilldoubtlessinsistthattheAmericanscanhardlycomplain,AmericanandtheformerSovietUniontestedanti-satelliteweapons,albeitmorethan20yearsago.GeorgeBushhasrefusedtotalktoChinaaboutaproposalitraisedin2002,withRussia'sbacking,foratreatyoutlawingthe"weaponisation"ofspace.Mr.BushauthorizedanewnationalspacepolicyinAugustlastyearsthatirkedtheChinese.ItdefendedAmerican'srighttousespacefordefenseandintelligencegatheringpurposesaswellastostop"adversaries"fromusingspaceinwaysthatthreatenAmerican"nationalinterests".10.翻译题Ithinkthat,fromabiologicalstandpoint,humanlifealmostreadslikeapoem.Ithasitsownrhythmandbeat,itsinternalcyclesofgrowthanddecay.Itbeginswithinnocentchildhood,followedbyawkwardadolescencetryingawkwardlytoadaptitselftomaturesociety,withitsyoungpassionsandfollies,itsidealsandambitions;thenitreachesamanhoodofintenseactivities,profitingfromexperienceandlearningmoreaboutsocietyandhumannature;atmiddleage,thereisaslighteasingoftension,amellowingofcharacterliketheripeningoffruitorthemellowingofgoodwine,andthegradualacquiringofamoretolerant,morecynicalandatthesametimeakindlierviewoflife;theninthesunsetofourlife,theendocrineglandsdecreasetheiractivity,andifwehaveatruephilosophyofoldageandhaveorderedourlifepatternaccordingtoit,itisforustheageofpeaceandsecurityandleisureandcontentment;finally,lifeflickersoutandonegoesintoeternalsleepnevertowakeupagain.Oneshouldbeabletosetthebeautyofthisrhythmoflife,toappreciate,aswedoingrandsymphonies,itsmaintheme,itsstrainsofconflictandthefinalresolution.Themovementsofthesecyclesareverymuchthesameinanormallife,buttherelicmustbeprovidedbytheindividualhimself.11.单选题Australianresearchershavediscoveredelectroreceptors(sensoryorgansdesignedtorespondtoelectricalfields)clusteredatthetipofthespinyanteater’ssnout.Theresearchersmadethisdiscoverybyexposingsmallareasofthesnouttoextremelyweakelectricalfieldsandrecordingthetransmissionofresultingnervousactivitytothebrain.Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowntoexciteelectroreceptors.Havingdiscoveredtheelectroreceptor,researchersarenowinvestigatinghowanteatersutilizesuchasophisticatedsensorysystem.Inonebehavioralexperiment,researcherssuccessfullytrainedananteatertodistinguishbetweentwotroughsofwater,onewithaweakelectricalfieldandtheotherwithnone.Suchevidenceisconsistentwithresearcher’shypothesisthatanteatersuseelectroreceptortodetectelectricalsignalsgivenoffbyprey;however,researchersasyethavebeenunabletodetectelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemounds,wherethefavoritefoodofanteaterslive.Still,researchershaveobservedanteatersbreakingintoanestofantsatanobliqueangleandquicklylocatingnestingchambers.Thisabilityquicklytolocateunseenpreysuggests,accordingtotheresearchers,thattheanteaterswereusingtheirelectroreceptortolocatethenestingchambers.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicthatdistinguisheselectroreceptorsfromtactilereceptors?2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheexperimentdescribedinthefirstparagraph?3.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablydiscussesthefunctionoftatilereceptors(lines6—9)inorderto（

）.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutanteatersfromthebehavioralexperimentmentionedinthesecondparagraph?5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheresearchersmentionedinthesecondparagraphwhoobservedanteatersbreakintoanestofantswouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?6.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthenthehypothesismentionedinlines15—16?问题1选项A.Themannerinwhichelectroreceptorsrespondtoelectricalstimuli.B.Thetendencyofelectroreceptorstobefoundinclusters.C.Theunusuallocationsinwhichelectroreceptorsarefoundinmostspecies.D.Theamountofelectricalstimulationrequiredtoexciteelectroreceptors.问题2选项A.Researchershaddifficultyverifyingtheexistenceofelectroreceptorsintheanteaterbecauseelectroreceptorsrespondtosuchanarrowrangeofelectricalfieldstrengths.B.Researchersfoundthatthelevelofnervousactivityintheanteater9sbrainincreaseddramaticallyasthestrengthoftheelectricalstimuluswasincreased.C.Researchersfoundthatsomeareasoftheanteater’ssnoutwerenotsensitivetoaweakelectricalstimulus.D.Researchersfoundthattheanteater’stactilereceptorsweremoreeasilyexcitedbyastrongelectricalstimulusthanweretheelectroreceptors.问题3选项A.eliminateandalternativeexplanationofanteaters’responsetoelectricalstimuliB.highlight