专题7定语从句暑假初升高完美衔接（高一专用）

专题7定语从句热身训练训练1that,which引导的定语从句1.Chinaisthefirstnation________sentChang'e5tothefarsideoftheMoon.【2022湖北恩施】A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose2.I'llneverforgetthestory________cheersmeup.【湖南岳阳】A.thatB.whoC.whatD.whom3.Whatareyoulookingfor?I'mlookingforthedictionary________mybrothergavemelastmonth.【2020辽宁营口】A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whom答案:1.B句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥五号放射到月球反面的国家。此处是定语从句，先行词是nation,在从句中作主语，且先行词被序数词修饰，故此处关系代词用that.2.A句意：我永久不会遗忘这个使我兴奋的故事。此句是定语从句，先行词是thestory,指物，在从句中作主语，故用that引导。3.A句意：“你在找什么？〞“我在找我哥哥上个月给我的那本字典。〞分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是定语从句，先行词是thedictionary,指物，在从句中作宾语，应用that引导。训练2who,whom,whose引导的定语从句1.Studentslovetheteachers________areoutgoingandhumorous.【2022湖北十堰】A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.Isawamanshoutingatadriver________carwasblockingthestreet.A.whoB.hisC.whomD.whose答案:1.A句意：同学喜爱开朗幽默的老师。此处含定语从句，先行词theteachers指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导。2.D句意：我观察一个人正冲一个司机大喊，那个司机的车拦住了街道。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为adriver,指人，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。训练3where、when、why引导的定语从句Disneyisanamusementpark________youcanfindallthenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.【四川绵阳】A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when答案:B句意：迪士尼是一个游乐园，在那里你可以找到全部典型的景点，迪士尼电影和人物。此句含定语从句，先行词为anamusementpark,在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。训练4介词＋关系代词Doyouknowtheyounglady________yourmotheristalking?【湖北黄石】A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.which答案:C句意：你知道正在和你的母亲交谈的年轻女士是谁吗？此句含定语从句，先行词为theyounglady,指人，在从句中作talkwith的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，应选C.学问对接接点定语从句定语从句可以起形容词的作用，在句中修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词的作用：1.在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用；2.在从句中充当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的全都；谓语动词的单复数形式也要与之保持全都。详情见下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who指人主语/宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom、which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时，后面的关系代词不能省略，也不行以用thatwhom指人宾语MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose指人/物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that指人/物主语/宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which指物主语/宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichisabouttheaccidentisterrible.as指人/物主语/宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as在从句中作宾语时一般不省略关系副词when指时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.when可换作“介词＋which〞where指地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.where可换作“介词＋which〞why指缘由缘由状语Ican'timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.why可换作forwhich难点突破突破1关系代词在定语从句中的用法指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。Thisisthepenthatyouarelookingfor.这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语)Thegirlthathaslonghairismysister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。(主语)指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。ThebikewhichismadeinTianjinsellswell.天津产的自行车卖得很好。(主语)Theappleswhichweboughtwerenotfresh.我们买的苹果不新奇。(宾语)、whom指人；who在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.打碎窗户的那个男孩叫汤姆。(主语)Thepersontowhomheistalkingismyfather.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。ThegirlwhosebagisnewiscalledAnn.有新书包的那个女孩叫安。(指人)Helivesinahousewhosewindowsopentothesouth.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子里。(指物)突破2只用which不用that的状况1.在介词后只用which,不能用that.Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.这是那家发生抢劫案的银行。2.引导非限制性定语从句时只用which,不用that.Thisisthebook,whichhegavemeyesterday.这就是他昨天给我的那本书。突破3只用that不用which的状况1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that.ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.这是我见过的最漂亮的山。2.先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that.ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirtynineSteps.我读的第一本英文小说是?39级台阶?。3.先行词前有all、any、no、little、much、many、theonly、thevery、thelast等修饰词时只能用that.HereareallthebooksthatIhave.这就是我全部的书。ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.这是我唯一喜爱的书。4.先行词是everything、something、anything、all、none、much、little、many、few等不定代词时，只能用that.Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.最终，小偷交出了他偷的全部东西。5.先行词中既有“人〞又有“物〞时，只能用that.IcanremembersomepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能记得我在房间里看到的一些人和照片。6.先行词是theone时，只能用that.Thisistheonethatyouwant.这就是你想要的那个。7.在以who引导的疑问句中，只能用that.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?站在那儿的那个女孩是谁？突破4只用whom不用who的状况在介词后只能用whom,不能用who.ThegirltowhomItalkedjustnowisfromAmerica.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩来自。突破5定语从句中主谓全都的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应当与它的先行词保持全都。TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.汤姆是来自的众多男孩中的一个。TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.汤姆是唯一来自的男孩。突破6定语从句中介词与副词的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，假如定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词，要在其后加介词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提到关系代词前)Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我们去年照看的那位老人。ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor.那就是我要找的书。突破7关系副词when与where的使用指时间。Iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我将永久不会遗忘我们在农场劳动的那段时间。指地点(where=介词＋which)Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)helivedlastyear.这是他去年住的房子。巧学助记定语从句与作定语的动词不定式、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语的转换。Shehasmuchworkthatshemustdo.=Shehasmuchworktodo.她有很多要做的工作。ThemanwhoisinthecarisMrGreen.reen.=ThemaninthecarisMrGreen.在车上的那个人是格林先生。Thegirlwhoiswateringflowersthereismysister,=Thegirlwateringflowersthereismysister.正在那儿浇花的那个女孩是我妹妹。Theboywhowassavedintheriverhasebacktolife.=Theboysavedintheriverhasebacktolife.从河里被救起的那个男孩清醒过来了。自主训练单项选择1.MrsWangisanEnglishteacher________makesherclasseslivelyandinteresting.【2022吉林】A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whose2.Theboys________areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.【2022黑龙江】A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what3.Ican'tforgettheteachersandtheuniversity________Ivisitedtwoyearsago.Theybringmemanysweetmemories.【2022黑龙江绥化】A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who4.Abing'sErquanYingyueisapieceofmusic________hasbeeoneofChina'snationaltreasures.【2021贵州安顺】A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.where5.Doyoulikethemovie________iscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin?Sure.Ithinknomovieis________thanit.【2022四川达州】A.that;moretouchingB.what;lesstouchingC.that;moretouchedD.which;lesstouched6.Isthewoman________walkedpastjustnowyourteacher?Yes,sheteaches________Englishandweallloveherverymuch.【2022贵州铜仁】A.which;ourB.who;usC.which;usD.that;our7.Romeisanancientcity________isfullofplacesofinterest.【2022四川成都】A.whereB.whichC.who8.WhatdoyouthinkoftheMonkeyKing?Ithinkhe'sahero________keepsfightingtohelptheweakpeople.【2022四川自贡】A.whoB.whereC.whose答案:1.B句意：王老师是一位英语老师，她使她的课生动好玩。此句含定语从句，先