定语从句语法总结

定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词，而引导定语从句的词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括that/who/whom/which/as,而关系副词包括when/where/whyo引导词通常位于定语从句之前，而定语从句的位置则紧跟在先行词之后。定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号，而非限定性定语从句和主句之间则用逗号隔开。在限定性定语从句中，引导词可以直接引导定语从句，也可以由介词+关系代词引导。介词的选用可以根据从句中的相关词组确定，通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。非限定性定语从句通常由引导词直接引导。Iliveinahousethatisfarawayfromthecity。Infrontofmyhousestandsabigtree.Atthegateothereisanappletreewithmanyapplesonit.ThisisthemantowhomIgavethebook.Hehasfivechildrenotwoofwhomarelivingabroad.Wehavethreebooksononeofwhichareinteresting.Non-restrictiverelativeclausescanbeintroducedbyanyrelativepronounexceptfor"why"and"that"。TheyaresetoffbycommasandprovidenalnabouttheantecedentoTheycanbetranslatedastwoseparatesentences.Theengineerowhoselegwasbadlyhurtowasquicklysenttothehospitalo(Thatengineerwasquicklysenttothehospitaloandtheirlegwasbadlyhurt.)Innon-restrictiverelativeclauses□norelativepronouncanbeomitted□includingthosethatnastheobject□Whenreferringtopeopleo"who"isusedasthesubjectand"whom"isusedastheobject.指物作主语时，应使用关系代词which,而关系副词应使用when或where,且不能省略。例如，themanwhoissittingonthechairismyfather；thecityowhichisfaraway。isverybeautifulo当引导非限定性定语从句时，应使用whose,如thehouseowhosewindowfacessouthoismineo在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的基本用法如下：who/that指人作主格，代替先行词并作定语从句的主语，不能省略；whom/who/that指人作宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词并作定语从句的宾语，当作动宾时关系代词可省略，当作介宾时，介词不提前时关系代词可省略，介词提前时关系代词不可省；固定的动词短语不能把动词与介词拆开。例如，themanwhomIspokewithismyteacher；themanwithwhomIspokeismyteacheroSheistheperfectcandidatewhomwearelookingfor.WhoseisusedtoindicatenandisfollowedbyanounoItcannotbeomittedinarelativeclausewhereitnsasthesubjectorobject(directorindirect)oftheclauseoWhosecanbereplacedbynofwhich/whom"ornthe+ofwhich/whom".Example:Ididn'tfindthedeskwhoselegwasbrokeno(subject)HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterdayo(object)ThebossinwhosecompanyIworkisverykindo(objectofn)Which/thatareusedtorefertothingsandcannasthesubjectorobject(directorindirect)ofarelativeclauseoTherelativepronouncanbeomittedwhenitnsastheobjectoftheclauseoIfthencomesbeforetherelativepronounoitcannotbeomittedand"which"isused.Example:Thehousewhich/thatwasdestroyedintheearthquakeisweak.Thepen(which/that)youfoundyesterdayismine.Thegames(that/which)theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.Thegamesinwhichtheyoungmencompetedweredifficult.AscanbeusedtorefertopeopleorthingsandcannasthesubjectoobjectopredicatenominativeoradverbialinarelativeclauseoItcannotbeomittedandiscommonlyusedinfixednssuchasnthesameoas"。"such。as"。"so。as"。"as。asnand"asfollows".Example:Sheisasperfectacandidateaswecouldhopefor.PeoplewhowerefamiliarwithHillbelievedthathewasanhonestpersonoHillbelievedthatthosewhowerefamiliarwithhimthoughthewasanhonestpersonoThetownIgrewupinhasundergonesignificantchangesoThisstoneissolargethatnoonecanliftitoChildrenpossessknowledgeequivalenttot