2022年上海市静安区高考二模英语试题（含详解）

2021学年第二学期高三英语适应性练习

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwo

speakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhat

wassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou

hearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswerson

yourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave

heard.

1.A.Sheisusingawrongstudyapproach.B.Shehasfailedthefinalexam.

C.Shehasn'tfinishedthereadingtask.D.Shehasn'tlistedthestudydifficulties.

2.A.Thejobpayspoorly.

B.Thewomanissatisfiedwithhernewjob.

C.Thewomancan'tbeartoomanybusinesstravels.

D.Thewomandecidestoquithernewjob.

3.A.TheyshoulddriveJack'scarthistime.

B.SheisnotinterestedinspendingtheweekendinLondon.

C.Sheisnotgoodatdriving.

D.Shewouldratherspendtheweekendlocally.

4.A.Shewouldsoondineattherestaurant.B.Shedidn'tpreferjuicyfood.

C.Thesteakwasnottasty.D.Shelivedoppositetherestaurant.

5.A.10dollars.B.20dollars.C.120dollars.D.240dollars

6.A.Inapaintstore.B.Inawineshop.

C.Inalaundry.D.Inapressagency.

7.A.Theyrarelywearheavycoats.B.It'snormallycoldinMarch.

C.Ifseasyforthemantocatchacold.D.It'swarmnow.

8.A.Thecrimesceneswerepresentedwell.

B.Itwasnotinterestingatall.

C.Someclueswereleakedbeforethewomansawit.

D.Mostaudienceguessedouttheending.

9.A.Themanistoopickyaboutfood.B.Themanshouldanyhoweatbreakfast.

C.Themilkistoocoldfortheman.D.Themanshouldn'tskipbeforeeating.

10.A.Shewon'tstartasalon.

B.Shewillsetupacomfortablezoneinhersalon.

C.Sheearnsalotasahairdresser.

D.Shespecializesinmanagingbusinesses.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.

Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.The

passagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyour

paperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Greatlyreducingthechanceofdelay.B.Givingyouaperfectflight.

C.Offeringyoumoretimetopack.D.Securingaflightseat.

12.A.Becauseyoucangiveyourfoodtothegateattendant.

B.Becauseinmanycases,foodisnotavailableatairports.

C.Becauseyoucanfeelbetterwhenyouaredelayed.

D.Becauseyoucanshareyourfoodwithotherpassengers.

13.A.Tointroduceanewfriendtoyou.B.Toarrangeapossiblereplacementflightfor

you.

C.Tosharewithyouyournegativefeelings.D.Toarrangeaticketrefundforyou.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Itprovidesapain-relievingtool.B.Theheels(鞋品艮)canbechangedeasily.

C.Theheelsclickloudlyonthedancefloor.D.It'sconvenienttocarrytheheels.

15.A.It'sonlyavailabletodancers.B.It'snotavailableoutsideEurope.

C.Itisanimaginaryproduct.D.Itisveryexpensive.

16.A.Thespecialshoesfbrdancefloors.B.Ashoeproductindifferentcolors.

C.Shoesaccompaniedwithvariousheels.D.Akindofspecialflat-heeledshoes.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Itemsfromfoodtastingevent.B.SouvenirsfromthePalaceMuseum.

C.RegardsfromtheEmperor.D.FoodfromthePalaceMuseum'sonlineshop.

18.A.Theancientrecipe.B.The24solarterms.

C.Theoldpalaces.D.EmperorQianlong.

19.A.Thefoodpowder.B.Chinesetraditionalmedicine.

C.Thecookies.D.Thenuts.

20.A.Foodwhichiseasytogobad.B.Itemsnotallowedonplanes.

C.TraditionalChinesefood.D.Itemsfavoredbymostonlinecustomers.

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Mycommunityandstatearestillrecoveringfromtherecentdisaster.Astorm]

(strike)onaFridayevening,knockingdowntrees,blockingroads,damaginghomes,and

destroyingpowerlines.

Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplesuddenlyfoundthemselvesinthedark2water,

electricity,airconditioning,andinternet.Theyfoundthemselvescutofffromthemodernworld.

3(endure)90degreeplusheat,theyhadnoideawhenitwouldbeover.

However,themostamazingthinghappened.4therealityofthecrisissankin,it

broughtoutthebestinus.Whiletherewereafewactsofselfishness,they5(overlook)

amidthewaveoflovethatcamefromtheheartsofsomany.

Peoplesharedtheirfood,ice,andgasoline.Peoplewhostillhadpoweropenedtheirhomesto

6whohadnone.Peoplerushedouttoclearroadsandhomesoffallentrees.Selflesspower

engineersworkedaroundtheclocktorepairthedamageandrestoreelectricity.

Peoplegatheredintheirgardens7theysharedhugsandofferedwordsofhopeand

faiththattheywouldseethemselvesthroughitall.Strangerscametogetherasonefamilytohelp

eachotherinthistimeofgreatneed.Mostpeopleactedlikeheroesunderthemostdifficult

circumstances.

Lift'sdisasterschallengeallofusfromtimetotimewithnoone8(spare).

Howwerespondtothem,however,isuptous.We9reacttothemlikeevilsof

selfishnessorlikeheroesoflove.Mayyoualwaysbringthebestfromyourheartto

10lifemaythrowatyouthen!

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

usedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.predictionB.automatesC.resembleD.imagesE.diverse

F.cooperateG.sourcedH.roughI.crucialJ.patentedK.

streams

Fashionhasalwaysbeenattheforefrontofinnovation-fromtheinventionofthesewing

machinetotheriseofe-commerce.Liketech,fashionisforward-lookingandcyclical.

Andtoday,fashiontechnologyisgrowingatafasterpacethanever.

Robotsthatsewandcut,AIalgorithms(算法)thatforecaststyletrends,clothesthatareworn

invirtualreality-acollectionofinnovationsshowhowtechnology11thefashiondesign

process.

Toseizetheopportunitytoproducemoreincome12andbusinessmodels,fashion

companiestryto13withtechnologyproviders,grabstartups,andevenbuildtheirown

tech.

Meanwhile,astheindustryfacesanoverduecountofitsenvironmentalandsocialimpacts,it

isreexaminingprocessesacrossthevaluechaininanattempttoreinventitself.

Forexample,artificialintelligencewillreshapebrands'approachtoproductdesignand

development,withafocusonthe14ofwhatcustomerswillwanttowearnext.But

algorithmsaren'ttakingtheplaceofhumandesignersanytimesoon.Ifthere'sanythingthat

fashionhouses'experimentshaveshown,it'sthathumaninvolvementis15to

commandingthenewideasprovidedbyAIandtranslatingthemintoappealing,wearableclothes

fornow.

Techcompaniesarepouringin.OneITgianthasalreadytestedthewaterofuser-drivenAI

fashiondesignwithProjectMuze.Theprojecttrainedasystemtounderstand16colors

andstylepreferences,basedontrenddata17fromanonlinefashionplatform.Fromthere,

ProjectMuzeusedanalgorithmtocreatedesignstotailortocustomers?realneeds.

Asanewplayer,anothere-commercegiant,withtheprojectLab126,istryingtolearnabout

aparticularfashionstyleandthencreatesimilar18.Withoutdesignersorpast

experiences,it\likecreatingfromscratch.Ifthatsoundslike“fastfashionforsale,"it'sbecause

itprobablyis.Thecompanyhasalready19amanufacturingsystemtomakeon-demand

clothes-makingareality.

Ofcourse,theoutcomesoftheseAIdesignsaren'talwaysrunway-ready.Manydesigns

createdforusersofProjectMuzewereunwearabledraftsandsomepeopleconsiderthedesignsof

theLab12620

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsor

phrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethat

bestfitsthecontext.

Againstallourwishesadvertisingworks,whichiswhy,eveninhardeconomictimes,

MadisonAvenueisa$34-billion-a-yearbusiness.AndifMartinLindstrom,amarketingconsultant

iscorrect,tryingto21theadvertisementisabouttogetespeciallyhard.

83%ofallformsofadvertisingprincipally22onlyoneofoursenses:sight.Hearing,

however,canbejustaspowerful,thoughadvertisershavetakenonlylimitedadvantageofit.

Historically,adshavereliedonslogans（广告语）tocatchourear,23everydaysounds一a

steaksizzling（发嘶嘶声）,ababylaughingandothersoundswecan'thelppayingattentionto.

Weavetheseeverydaysoundsintoanadcampaignandwecustomersmaybe24toresist

them.

AccordingtoLindstrom,theeverydaysoundthatismostimpressive,bothintermsofinterest

and25feelings,isababylaughing.Theotherhigh-rankingsoundsarealsopowerful一

thesoundofacarengineorasodabeingpoured.

Inallofthesecases,itdoesn'tneedanexperiencedadvertisementdesignertoinventthe

sounds,associatethemwithmeaningsandthenplaythemoverandoveruntilthesubjects

26them.Rather,theeverydaysoundsalreadyhavemeaningsandthuscancauseakindof

27:hunger,thirstorhappyexpectation.

SomeTVadshavealreadygivenviewersclose-upshotsofmeatwithsizzlingsounds.And

retailersare28.Lindstromisnowconsultingwithclients,intendingtopipethesoundof

filteringcoffeeorfizzingsodaintothedrinkdepartmentorthatofababylaughingsoundintothe

baby-foodsection.

Ofcourse,thisdoesn'tmeanthatadvertiserscanjustpresstheaudiobutton29and

consumerswillcomeeagerly.Indeed,sometimescustomersflee.Intheearlyyearsofcell-phone

use,theringtone（铃音）ofafamouscellphonebrandwasrecognizedbymanypeopleintheU.K.,

butsoonitbecamewidely30.That,Lindstromsays,waspartlybecausesofewusers

observedcell-phonemannersand31accidentskepthappeninginplaceslikemovie

theaters.Thecomputerstart-upsoundhastakenonthesimilarlynegative32,because

peoplesooftenhearitwhenthey'rerestartingthecomputerafterit33.Inthesecases,

manufacturersthemselvesmayaswellrevisethebothersomesoundor34itentirely.

Lindstrom*sexperimentalsoshowsthatpeoplerespondtoasoundbetterwhenit's

35.Ifnothingelse,smartmarketersmayatleastkeepthevolumelow.

21.A.tuneoutB.admittoC.dependonD.take

over

22.A.evaluateB.spoilC.engageD.portray

23.A.classifyingB.ignoringC.challengingD.

representing

24.A.sensibleB.selfishC.powerlessD.pleasant

25.A.hollowB.positiveC.violentD.foreign

26.A.inferB.rejectC.internalizeD.perform

27.A.consumptionB.reactionC.favorD.spread

28.A.followingsuitB.coolingdownC.losingheartD.taking

risks

29.A.onguardB.witheaseC.underwayD.in

reality

30.A.dislikedB.observedC.representedD.

enveloped

31.A.objectiveB.temporaiyC.mysteriousD.

annoying

32.A.associationB.agreementC.tipD.

symptom

33.A.respondedB.revivedC.crashedD.

persisted

34.A.replaceB.rescueC.balanceD.refund

35A.optionalB.randomC.specificD.faint

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedby

severalquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtothe

informationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Beforethebreakofdawn,Simonwasalreadystandingontheshorewatchingthesea

intenselyforanysignsofacomingstorm.Despitelearningfromtheweatherforecastthe

likelihoodofaviolentstorm,hedidn'tchangehismindaboutstartinghisweeklyfishingtrip.

Aftercheckingforthethirdtimethathehadbroughtwithhimwhatheneeded,Simongotontohis

boatandsailedintothevastbluesea.Beforelong,hewasanchoring(固定)hisboatinthemiddle

ofthesea.Satisfiedwiththespot,hecasthisnet,hopingforagoodcatch.

Simonthenrelaxedonthedeckandwatchedthesunrisingslowlyabovethehorizon."One

cannevertrusttheweatherstation,hesaid,buthehadsaidittoosoon.Atthatmoment,therewas

asuddenstrikeoflightning,followedbyashoutofthunder.Theentireskywassuddenlyfilled

withdarkclouds.Waveafterwaverolledup,hittinghisboatandsendingitrockingviolently

sideways.Asenseofhopelessnessdrownedhimbutwhenimagesofhisfamilyflashedacrosshis

mind,heknewwhathehadtodo.Indouble-quicktime,hecutoffthefishinglinesanddumped

hisfishingequipmentintothesea.Eventually,thestormeasedandthewavesdieddown.

Tomakemattersworse,theboatenginedied.Ashewasmanykilometresoffshore,theonly

likelyrescuewastobespottedbyaboat.Butwhowouldbeoutatseainsuchhorribleweather

excepthim?ThatmadeSimonregrethisearlierdecisionagain.

Exhausted,Simonsoondriftedofftosleep.Whenheawoke,thesunhadalreadyrisen.Simon

hadlosttrackoftimeandlocation.Sighing,hestoodonthedeck,staringouthopefully.Thenhe

spottedit.Hedivedintothewaterandswamtowardstheislandafewmetresaheadofhim.When

Simonreachedland,hewastooweaktostandonhislegs.Fortunately,akind-heartedmanhelped

himupandcontactedhisfamily.ThoughSimonemergedfromthenightmareunhurt,thefateful

dayremainedforeverinhismind.Neglectingtheweatherforecast,hepaidaheavyprice.Hethen

learntthateveryoneshouldrespectscienceandbemoremindfulofhisdecision.

36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Notinformedoftheweatherforecast,Simonwentfishingasplanned.

B.Simonlosthisfishingequipmentbecauseitwasblownoffbythewind.

C.Loveforhisfamilymadehimtakeactiontryingtosavehimself.

D.Thoughhewasfinallysaved,hewashurtbadly.

37.Whatdidheseeafterhewokeup?

A.Anotherboatreadytodraghisboat.B.Arescueteamsentbyhisfamily.

C.Anewboatenginetobeequippedonhisboat.D.Anislandnotfarfromhisboat.

38.Whatmainlycausedhimtomeetwithsuchahorribleevent?

A.Hewastooconfidentofhisabilitytodealwiththerescueteam.

B.Heignoredstormforecastandwentfishinganyway.

C.Hisfishingequipmentwastooheavyforhisboat.

D.Hepositionedhisboatinawronglocationinthesea.

39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Asmoothfishingtripafishermanusedtohave.

B.Aterribleaccidentafishermanexperiencedandhowhesurvived.

C.Thehardshipsamanhastohandlewhengoingfishing.

D.Waystoseekhelpindangeroussituationsinlife.

(B)

There'ssomethingfascinatingaboutdiscoveringalocalpubandenjoyingahometown

alcoholicdrink.Also,youmayexplorethesecitiesforanentirelynewdrinkingexperience.

TokyoforUndergroundSake(清酒)

There'snobettercityintheworldforsakethanTokyo,Japan.TheJapanesehaveastrong

traditionofmakingsake,adrinkmadefromrice.Thedrinkhasarichculturalbackgroundthat

makesdrinkingsakeacelebrationwitheverysip.Youcanevenhaveadrinkinsidetherailway

stationwhichopensat7a.m.whenyouwaitforthetrain.Sometimestheamazingflavoris

presentedunexpectedly.

LondonforDrinks"ShakenandNotStirred”

ThoughBritishiconJamesBond'sfascinationwithginmartinisseemedtohavepushedgin

（杜松子酒）intotheglobalview,Londonhasalonghistoryofgindrinkingandmanyginlovers

throughoutthecountry.Theold-timemenusinmanybarsmakelocalpeopleemotional,reminding

themofthesimplerolddaysonlyLondoncanclaim.

St.PetersburgforaLuxVodka（伏特力口）Selection

St.PetersburgenjoysawidevarietyofbarsmeantforthatoriginalRussianvodkaexperience

includingthefamousbarryumochnaya.Thebarwasoriginallymeanttodefythemisbehaviorof

labelingpeople.Itwasaplaceforeveryonetojustenjoyadrink.Abillionairecouldbesitting

happilynexttoaworker.Todayinspiteofmanyotherbarswithhigher-endatmospherethanthe

ryumochnaya,theoldbarstillremainsthebestvodkabarofthecitywiththemostvaried

customers.

NewOrleansfortheFirstCocktail（鸡尾酒）

NewOrleansishometowhatmanybelieveisAmerica'sfirstcocktailtheSazerac.In1838

AntoinePeychaudusedtwokindsofalcoholicdrinkstocreatethedeliciouscocktailandkicked

offadrinkrevolution.Today,barslikeCompereLapinstaytruetotheNewOrleansspiritof

cocktail,andalsoofferotherexcitingoptionslikebeerandredwine.

40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.ThebestsakebarofJapanispositionedintheunderground.

B.JamesBondstartedthehabitofgindrinkinginLondon.

C.RyumochnayatopsSt.Petersburgvodkabarsforitsmostluxuriousatmosphere.

D.Besidescocktail,CompereLapinservesotherkindsofalcoholicdrinks.

41.Theunderlinedworddefyisclosestinmeaningto.

A.highlightB.imitateC.resistD.reward

42.Thecitywithanumberofbarstomakepeoplerecallthecity'spassedtimeis.

A.TokyoB.LondonC.St.PetersburgD.New

Orleans.

（C）

It'sdifficulttothinkabouthowtospendmoney,anddecidingmoneyvalueinthefutureis

almostimpossibletomanypeople.That'sbecauseitishardforustoconsidertheopportunity

costsofobjectswepurchase.

Astudywasconductedwithpeoplewhowantedtopurchaseacartodeterminetheirabilityto

assesstheopportunitycostofthatpurchase.Whenasked“Ifyoubuythiscartoday,whatwillyou

notbeabletodointhefutureasaresult?”,themajoritysaid,44IfIbuythisSUVtoday,Iwillnot

beabletobuyasportscartomorrow.^^Nobodysaidthathewouldnotbeabletobuy300lunches

atarestaurantbecausetheywere,thoughunconsciously,restrictedwithinthecarfield,noteven

attemptingtothinkofanitemfromanotherfield.

Thenatureofmodernspendingmakesthingsevenharderbymakingmoneylessconcrete.If

IgiveyouSI,000inanenvelopeeachweek,youwillseeintheshopthatwhatyou'rebuying

comesattheexpenseofotherthingsofthesameprice.Afterall,youhavetherealexperience

becauseyouhavetohandouttherealmoneynoteifyouwanttogettheobject.Butwithcredit

cardsandloans,financialmechanismshavebecomeincreasinglyunclear,makingitmoredifficult

forpeopletocomparethevalueofspendingnowwiththevalueofmoneyinthefutureastheyare

allowedtopayforthepurchaseslater.

Irrelevantinfluencesandconsiderations,suchasaperson'spresentemotionsorpreferences,

caninfluencehowmuchworthsomeoneplacesonanobjecttoo.

Inastudy,ProfessorDanArielyandhisteamaskedparticipantstodeterminethevalueof

objectslikewine,chocolatesandelectronics.

“Wefirsttoldthemtoconsiderwhethertheywouldpaytheamountequivalenttothelasttwo

digitsoftheirsocialsecuritynumbersJhesays."Wefoundasignificantrelationbetweenthe

amounttheywerewillingtopayandthesedigits.^^

Forinstance,someonewhosesocialsecuritynumber(SSN)endsin25valuedtheobjects

muchlowerthansomeonewiththelasttwodigitsof78.Fornologicalreasons,thetestsubjects

leanedtowardthemostrecentnumbertheyhadaccesstowhenvaluingtheitems.Evenwithfull

informationabouttheobjects,somepeoplehadnologicalpointofreferenceforthevalueofthe

objects.Instead,theyusedtheirownirrelevantexperiencesasreferences.

43.Accordingtothepassage,theopportunitycostinconsumptionfieldrefersto.

A.thecosttopayforvariousopportunities

Bwhatapersoniswillingtogiveupifhebuysaspecificitem

C.theopportunitiestoinvestincostlyitems

Dthecomparisonofpricesofthesameitemfromdifferentsources

44.Inthetest,whenbuyingcars,mostpeoplewon'tthinkofthealternative300meals

because.

A.theywon'thavetroubleinpayingformeals

B.300mealsarenotequaltothecarinvalue

C.theycan'tcomparemoneyvaluesacrosscategories

D.theypersonallypreferthecartofood

45.Purchasethroughcreditcardsmakesitharderforpeopletorecognizemoneyvalue

because.

A.itemspaidbycreditcardsarecheaperthanpaidbycash

B.it'seasierforpeopletosavemoneythroughcreditcards

C.peoplehavetopayaninterestwhenbuyingthroughcreditcards.

D.delayinpaymentmayconfusepeopledjudgementofmoneyvalue.

46.WhyweremanyofDanAriely'stestparticipantswillingtopaythesameamountasthelast

twodigitsoftheirsocialsecuritynumbers?

A.Becausetheywerenotgoodatpredictingvaluesandcountingnumbers.

B.Becausetheymadepredictionswithmostconvenienthintsavailable.

C.BecausetheybelievedthattheirSSNdigitswereveryvaluable.

D.Becausetheytendedtoconsultothersandcopypeers'choices.

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentence

giveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwo

moresentencesthanyouneed.

Eatingforthesakeofpleasure,ratherthansurvival,isnothingnew.Traditionallyresearchers

focusedonso-calledmetabolic（代谢的）hunger,whichisdrivenbyphysiologicalnecessityand

ismostcommonlyidentifiedwithanemptystomach.Whenwestartdippingintoourstoresof

energyorwhenwedropbelowourtypicalbodyweight,thesystemringsthebell.47After

weeatenoughfoodorputonweight,thesamehormonalsystemandbraincircuit（回路）then

tendtodepressourappetite.

Now,"Shiftingthefocustopleasure^^isanewapproachtounderstandinghungerandweight

gain.Thebrainbeginsrespondingtofattyandsugaryfoodsevenbeforetheyenterourmouth.

Merelyseeingorhearingadesirableitemexcitestherewardcircuit.Manyovereatingpeoplego

beyondtheirenergyneeds,duetoconsumingthesefooditemstheyhearorsee.48

Determiningwhetheranindividual'sweightproblemarisesfromemotionallongingsoraphysical

failureinthebody'sabilitytoburnupcaloriesisimportantfordoctorstochoosethemost

appropriatemedicationsorbehavioralinterventions（干预）fortreatment.

Akindofsurgerythatsomeoverweightpeoplehavealreadyundergonetomanagetheir

weightmighthaveprovidedsomeofthebiologicalinsightsintowhymanyofuseatfarbeyond

ourphysiologicalneeds.49Throughremovingtissue,doctorsmakeitimpossibleforthe

stomachtoaccommodatemorethanacoupleofouncesoffoodatatime.Thebrain'sreward

circuitthenrespondsmuchmoreweaklytotheimagesandspokennamesoftemptingfoods

Psychologically,removinginfluencefactorcanbeanoption.Thetraditionalideaisthatwe

canteachoverweightpeopletoimprovetheirself-control.However,scientistsnowrealizethatthe

foodsthemselvesaremoretheproblem.Formanypeople,certainfoodscausesuchastrong

responseinthebrain'srewardcircuitthatourwillpowerwillrarely,ifever,besufficienttoresist

thosefoodsoncetheyarearound.50Thatmeansneverbringingfatty,supersweetfoods

intoourhouseandavoidinggoingtoplacesthatofferthemwheneverpossible.

A.Anetworkofhormonesandneural（神经的）pathwaysinthebrainactivateourfeelingof

hunger.

B.People'sfbllow-upgesturethengreatlyaffectsthetimetheyspendinconsumingthefood.

C.Thismedicaloperationdramaticallyshrinksthestomach.

D.Therefore,wehavetoreengineerthefoodenvironment.

E.Thisapproachhasalreadyhadaninfluenceonthechoiceoftreatment.

F.Thetypeoffoodprocessingmethodalsotakesahandonewayoranother.

IV.SummaryWriting

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）of

thepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Howdoesyourmindprocessbadnews?

Whenyouexperiencestressfulevents,aphysiologicalchangehappensthatcancauseyouto

takeinanysortofwarningandbecomefixedonhowitdevelops.Astudyusingbrainimagingto

lookattheneuralactivityofpeopleunderstressrevealedthatthis'switch'wasrelatedtoasudden

increaseinaneuralsignalknownasapredictionerror,specificallyinresponsetounexpected

signsofdanger.

Whenourancestorsfoundthemselvesinacavefilledwithhungryanimals,theybenefited

fromsuchanabilitytotakeinthewarningandguardagainstdangerssoastoavoidfierceanimals.

Inthisway,theysurvived.Inasafeenvironmenttoday,however,itwouldbewastefultobeon

highalertconstantly.Asystemthatautomaticallyincreasesordecreasesyourabilitytoprocess

warningsinresponsetochangesinyourenvironmentmightbeusefulinhandlingnegative

messagesofdifferentlevels.Infact,peoplewithcertaindiseasesseemunabletoswitchawayfrom

astateinwhichtheyabsorballthenegativemessagesaroundthem.

Ifyourco-workerisstressed,youaremorelikelytotenseupandfeelstressedyourself.Our

brainsaredesignedtotransmitemotionsquicklytooneanother,becausetheyoftenpasson

importantinformation.Wheninfant