心理学专业英语

心理学专业英语第1页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Paragraph2Questions:1.whatismemory?2.whichrealmdidmemorybelongtointhelate19thandearly20thcentury?3.whatiscognitiveneuroscience?ThedefinitionofMemory:Memoryisanorganism’sabilitytostore,retain,andsubsequentlyretrieveinformation.Cognitivepsychologistsstudymemoryasatypeofinformationprocessing.第2页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Paragraph3:themainstagesofmemory

Questions:whatarethemainstagesintheformationandretrivalofmemory?andexplainthem.Threemainstages:

Encoding:processinginformationintomemoryStorage:acreationofapermanentrecordoftheencodedinformationRetrieval:aprocessthatreliesonthecuesandstimulifromtheenvironment.encodingstorageretrievalorrecall第3页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Classificationofmemory1、explicitmemory(外显记忆):involvingconsciouseffort

implicitmemory(内隐记忆)：unconsciousmemory第4页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月2、declarativememory（陈述性记忆）:memoryforfacts

proceduralmemory（程序性记忆）:memoryforhowtoperformskills3、sensorymemory（感觉记忆）

short-termmemory（短时记忆）

long-termmemory（长时记忆）第5页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Paragraph5:sensorymemoryQuestions:1.whatissensorymemory?2.Thedurationoficonicmemoryandechoicmemory.Definition:sensorymemoryreferstotheinitial,momentaryrecordingofinformationinoursensorysystems.Sensorymemorysystemshavelargecapacitybutveryshortduration.

Twomaintypes:1.iconicmemory（映像记忆）:momentarilypreservesthevisualworld.2.echoicmemory（回声记忆）:holdsauditorystimuli第6页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月第7页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Paragraph6:short-termmemoryQuestions:1.whatisshort-termmemory?2.howcanweincreasethememorycapacity?Definition:Short-termmemory(STM)hasalimitedcapacityandlastsonlybrieflywithoutrehearsal.MaintenancerehearsalcanextendthepresenceofmaterialinSTMindefinitely.

短时记忆容量有限，在不复述的情况下，保存时间很短。保持复述可以在一定程度上延长短时记忆材料的保留。

STMcapacitycanbeincreasedbychunkingunrelateditemsintomeaningfulgroups.

可以通过把无意义的项目加以组块，构成有意义的族群，从而增加短时记忆的容量。第8页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Paragraph7long-termmemoryQuestions:whatislong-termmemory?Definition:

Long-termmemroycanstoremuchlargerquantitiesofinformationforpotentiallyunlimitedduration(sometimesawholelifespan).Long-termmemoryencodesinformationsemantically.第9页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Paragraph8-9:forgettingQuestions:1.whatfunctiondoseforgettinghave?2.whatisthecharacteristicofEbbinghausforgettingcurve?EbbinghausforgettingcurveForgettingoccurredrelativelyrapidlyatfirstandthenseemedtoleveloffovertime.MakeasumIfEbbinghaustook12trialstolearnalistand9trialstorelearnitseveraldayslater,hissavingscoreforthatelapsedtimewouldbe%?第10页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Paragraph10-12:

memoryDisordersQuestions:Explainthefunctionalamnesiaandorganicamnesia?Functionalamnesia(功能性遗忘)：memorydisordersthatseemtoresultfrompsychologicaltrauma,notaninjurytothebrain.Organicamnesia（器质性遗忘):anytraumaticforgettingthatisproducedbyspecificbraindamage.第11页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月TheinformationprocessingmodelInformationfromenvironmentSensorymemoryforgottentransferredShort-termmemorytransferredretrievedLong-termmemoryrehearsedforgotten第12页，课件共14页，创作于2023年2月Keywords记忆—memory感觉记忆—sensorymemory短时记忆—short-termmemory长时记忆—long-termmemroy陈述性记忆—declarativememory程序性记忆—proceduralmemory外显记忆—explicitmemory内隐记忆—implicitmemory映像记忆—iconicmemory回声记忆—echoicmemory遗忘症—amnesia组块—chunking概念