2023年陕西省咸阳彩虹中学英语高三第一学期期末统考试题含解析

2023年陕西省咸阳彩虹中学英语高三第一学期期末统考试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．—Whycan’tJohnlanda__________jobinyears?—Anyonewithcriminalrecordswillbelaidofffirstwhenitcomestimetoletstaffgo.A．rewardingB．demandingC．worthwhileD．stable2．—Jack,myplanearrivesat8:30pmwhen,Isuppose,you______dinner.—ButIcanwait.A．willhave B．havehadC．willhavehad D．arehaving3．Personallyspeaking,________thegrandblueprintintorealityisalongprocess.A．turning B．turnC．turned D．havingturned4．—Whatdoyouthinkofthenewly-releasedfilmCapernaum?—Ittouchedmyheartdeeply.ButforyourrecommendationI_________it.A．hadmissed B．wouldmiss C．wouldhavemissed D．musthavemissed5．IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.，manypeoplehavegonehome.A．whosetime B．thatC．onwhich D．bywhichtime6．Theguidanceteacherwastheiradviser,offeringthemsuggestionsandsolutionswhenthey______difficulties.A．aroseB．encounteredC．emergedD．evaluated7．Thefamousplayertriedagainandagainaftereachfailure.That’s_____hesucceededatlast.A．whatB．whenC．whetherD．why8．Peoplecrowdinto________cherrytreesareblooming,appreciatingthefreshspringsight.A．what B．whenC．which D．where9．—Iamgainingweight.Ineedtoseeadoctor.—ButIthinkyoueattoomuch.___________.A．Neglectofhealthisdoctor’swealth B．Laughatyourills,andsavedoctors’billsC．Dietcuresmorethanthedoctor D．Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway10．TomlookedatJenny,withtears_______hiseyes,andshoutedoutthewords_______inhisheartforyears.A．filling;havingbeenhiddenB．filled;hiddenC．filling;hiddenD．filled;hiding11．——Congratulationsonyourpromotion.Gooutfordinner,OK?——Good!__________,justyouandme.A．FollowmeB．MytreatC．MypleasureD．Allowme12．I’mafraidthatIcan’tattendTom’sweddingparty______nextweekend.A．tobeheld B．beingheldC．held D．istobeheld13．—Whatshallwedotonightthen?—,whateveryouwant.A．Helpyourself B．It’sadealC．Noproblem D．It’suptoyou14．Parentsoftentelltheirchildrenthatthey__________takecandyfromstrangers.A．needn't B．wouldn't C．shouldn't D．daren't15．Everybodywastouched______wordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.A．without B．beyondC．against D．despite16．I_____upmymindwhatIwasgoingtosayintheseminar,butitwascancelled.A．havemadeB．hadmadeC．wasmakingD．wouldmake17．Bythetimeherealizesthemistakehe________，itwillbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A．hasmade B．made C．makes D．willmake18．Thefollowing________________chosenasthecandidatesofthecompetition.A．is B．areC．has D．have19．IwishI________herthenewsandthenshewouldn’tbeworriednow.A．don’ttell B．didn’ttellC．haven’ttold D．hadn’ttold20．—Ineedtoadvertiseforaroommatefornextterm.—________？Maryisinterested.A．Whybother B．WhynotC．Sowhat D．Whatfor第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）On14September2015,theuniverse’sgravitationalwavesobservedfortheveryfirsttime.Thewaves,whichwerepredictedbyAlbertEinsteinahundredyearsago,camefromacollisionbetweentwoblackholes.Ittook1.3billionyearsforthewavestoarriveattheLIGOdetectorintheUSA．ThesignalwasextremelyweakwhenitreachedEarth,butisalreadypromisingarevolutioninastrophysics.Gravitationalwavesareanentirelynewwayofobservingthemostviolenteventsinspaceandtestingthelimitsofourknowledge.LIGO,theLasterInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatory,isacollaborativeprojectwithoveronethousandresearchersfrommorethantwentycountries.Together,theyhaverealizedavisionthatisalmostfiftyyearsold.The2017Nobelwinnershave,withtheirenthusiasmanddetermination,eachbeeninvaluabletothesuccessofLIGO.PioneersRainerWeissandKipS.Thorne,togetherwithBarryC．Barish,thescientistandleaderwhobroughttheprojecttocompletion,ensuredthatfourdecadesofeffortledtogravitationalwavesfinallybeingobserved.Inthemid-1970s,RainerWeisshadalreadyanalysedpossiblesourcesofbackgroundnoisethatwoulddisturbmeasurements,andhadalsodesignedadetector,alaser-basedinterferometer,whichwouldovercomethisnoise.Earlyon,bothKipThorneandRainerWeisswerefirmlyconvincedthatgravitationalwavescouldbedetectedandbringaboutarevolutioninourknowledgeoftheuniverse.Gravitationalwavesspreadatthespeedoflight,fillingtheuniverse,asAlbertEinsteindescribedinhisgeneraltheoryofrelativity.Theyarealwayscreatedwhenamassaccelerates,likewhenaice-skaterpirouettesorapairofblackholesrevolvearoundeachother.Einsteinwasconvinceditwouldneverbepossibletomeasurethem.TheLIGOproject’sachievementwasusingapairofgiganticlaserinterferometerstomeasureachangethousandsoftimessmallerthananatomicnucleus,asthegravitationalwavepassedtheEarth.Sofarallsortsofelectromagneticradiationandparticles,suchascosmicraysorneutrinos,havebeenusedtoexploretheuniverse.However,gravitationalwavesaredirecttestimony(However,gravitationalwavesaredirecttestimony(证词)todisruptionsinspacetimeitself.Thisissomethingcompletelynewanddifferent,openingupunseenworlds.Awealthofdiscoveriesawaitsthosewhosucceedincapturingthewavesandinterpretingtheirmessage.1、Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A．AlbertEinsteinobservedgravitationalwavesahundredyearsagoB．ThecaptureofgravitationalwaveswillopenanewearinastrophysicsC．TherewasnowayofobservingthespaceeventsyearsagoD．Morethan20countrieshaveLIGOdetectors2、Whycouldgravitationalwavesbesuccessfullyobserved?A．BecausethescientiststotallytrustEinstein’sgeneraltheoryofrelativityB．BecausetheycanbeeasilydetectedastheyfilltheuniverseC．BecausescientistslikeBarryC．BarishworkedhardonthisforlongD．Becausehugechangeappearedasthewavespassedtheearth3、Whatdoestheunderlinedwordpirouettesprobablymean?A．runatahighspeedB．slidefastC．fallsviolentlyD．turninacircularway4、Whatwouldthebesttitleofthepassage?A．GravitationalwavesfinallycapturedB．ThreepioneersinastrophysicsC．OpeningupunseenworldD．Nopain,nogain22．（8分）Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern,rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(森林滥伐)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction,thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources,andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However,thisdestructioncanbeslowed,stopped,andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆转).Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved,butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic,political,andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So,whatshouldbedone?Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical,notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持续的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests,effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong-termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed,asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions,closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor,norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.1、Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?A．Humans'destroyingthetrees.B．Carbonsinksbeingreduced.C．Lackingrenewableresources.D．Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.B．Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.C．Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests.D．Economicreturnscanmakesomedifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.3、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?A．Indifferent.B．Concerned.C．Doubtful.D．Puzzled.4、Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.B．Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.C．Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.D．Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.23．（8分）JOHANNESBURG—Theysaycatshaveninelives.NowaChinesetoad(蟾蜍)hasjoinedthatclubofcleversurvivors.SouthAfricansareshockedattheenduranceofatoadthatgottrappedinacargoshipmentfromChinatoCapeTown,afterjumpingintoaporcelain(瓷器)candlestick（烛台）thatwasmadethere.SouthAfricanofficialsreportedlyplannedtoputdownthecreature,fearingitwouldcauseharmasaninvasivespeciesifitwereletgointhewild.Butthetoadgotalast-minutepardon.MangoAirlines,aSouthAfricanairline,transportedthetoadonFridaytoJohannesburgfordeliverytoananimalshelter,afterofficialsdecidedtofindawaytoletthetoadlive.Thetwo-hourfightwasabreezecomparedtothetripfromChina,alongwayofmanyweeksandthousandsofkilometersacrosstheIndianOcean.AirlinespokesmanHeinKaisersaidthetoadgot“first-classtreatment”,sittinginatransparentplasticcontainerwithescortBrettGlasby,ananimalwelfareinspector.Therewasevenaceremony,inwhichthetoad’sboardingpasswashandedtoGlasby.“Hewasthestaroftheshowontheflight,”Kaisersaidoftheamphibious(两栖的)passenger.“Ithinkeverypassengerstoppedtohavealook.”OnlandinginJohannesburg,thetoadwasbroughtoutofitscontainerforacelebrity-stylephotoshoot.Observerssaidthebrowntoadseemedlikeacoolcustomer.ItbelongstotheAsianToadspecies,whichbreedsduringthemonsoon(季风)season.ItisbelievedtohavesurvivedthetripfromChinabyhardeningitsskintopreventitfromdryingout,andalsobyslowingitsbreathingandheartrate—methodsthathelpthespeciessurviveintimesofdrought.“We’vehadsnakesinimportedtimberandscorpions(蝎子)infruit.Wewerecalledbecausethetoadwasrightinsidethecandlestick,andwehadtobreakittogetitout”Glasby,theinspector,toldTheStar,aSouthAfricannewspaper.1、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．AnAsiantoadgetsanewhomeinSouthAfrica.B．Asiantoadscan’tgetusedtothelifeinSouthAfrica.C．WorkersshippedatoadtoSouthAfricaonpurpose.D．SouthAfricaignorestheprotectionofanimals.2、Ifthetoadisreleasedintothewild,_________.A．itwillmakethelocalsfeelshockedB．itmightharmthenativespeciesC．itwillloseitslifeinthewildD．itmightfleeintoanothercountry3、ThetoadwasabletoarriveinSouthAfricaalive_________.A．becauseitescapedallattacksandhuntsB．becauseitusedtostopitsbreathinwinterC．becauseitformedhardskintoprotectitselfD．becauseitwasluckytobegivenachance4、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.A．sometimesanimalaretransportedaccidentallyB．noonehasseensuchabigtoadinAfricaC．acandlestickisthebestplaceforatoadD．droughtsmaketoadslivelonger24．（8分）SUPPORTWORKERDoyouhavetheabilitytocareforothers?Canyouunderstandhowolderpeoplefeel?Areyouagoodcommunicator?Doyouhavegoodlisteningskills?Canyouworkweekends?IfyouhaveansweredYEStotheabove,wewouldliketohearfromyou:☆Startingrateof￡8.56perhour☆Freeuniform☆Excellenttrainingcareers@WOWEEMAGAZINEWritersWantedWoweeMagazineislookingforwritersforitswebsite.Payisbasedonthenumberofpeoplewhoreadyourarticles.Youmayalsoreceivefreeticketstoeventsandfreeproductstotest.Thisisagreatopportunitytogetvaluableworkexperience.Wewantpeoplewhoare:chattyinterestingpassionateskilledContactusatinfo@.CALLINGALLMODELSThinkyoucouldbeamodel?Ifso,we'dliketomeetyou!Workingasasuccessfulfashionmodelisn'teasybutitisveryexcitingandcouldbeagreatopportunity.Girlsshouldbeover16withaminimumheightof172cmandboysshouldhaveaminimumheightof182cm.Ifyouareunder16anddonotyethavetherequiredheight,wewouldstillbeinterestedinmeetingyou,butyoumustbringa@top-model-agency.ukWORKFORCOFFEEBEANSJoinBritain'snumberonecafeatCoffeeBeans,whereeverycafehasthesameaims:tocreatefamily-liketeamsandtogiveexcellentcustomerservice.Manydifferentkindsofpeoplecomeandworkwithus,sostartyourcareeratCoffeeBeanstoday:☆Choosethehoursyouwork☆Getmanagementexperience☆ShareyourloveofcoffeeJoinusasaTeamMember,AssistantManagerofCafeManager,dependingonyourskillsandexperience.Emailusatjobs@coffeebeans.co.uk.1、Whichaddressshouldyouemailatifyouwanttobeasupportworker?A．info@B．jobs@coffeebeans.co.ukC．careers@D．info@top-model-agency.uk2、AwriterworkingforWoweeMagazinecan______.A．getafreeuniformB．receivefreeticketstoeventsC．bringaparentD．chooseworkinghours3、Whatcanwelearnaboutthejobsfromthejobpostings?A．Themodelopportunityisonlymeantforadults.B．Thereisnoneedtobetrainedasasupportworker.C．EmployeesatCoffeeBeanshavefewmanagementopportunities.D．ApplicantstoWoweeMagazineareexpectedtobesociableandenthusiastic.25．（10分）Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandcalmsonecessaryinmoderntrafficcondition.Butsuchbehaviorsofpolitenessarebynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaybenotabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies(奶奶).Anexperienceddriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoinintrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately,moderndriverscan’tevenlearntodrive.Yearsago,expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmore

give-and-take

fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.1、Accordingtothepassage,troubleontheroadareoftencausedby____________.A．roadconditions B．thespeedofmodernlifeC．thelargenumberofcar D．thebehaviorofthedrivers2、Inthewriter’sopinion,___________.A．driversshouldshowroadpolitenessproperlyB．stricttrafficrulesarebadlyneededC．unskillfuldriversshouldbepunishedD．driversshouldavoidtrafficjams3、Theunderlinedword“give-and-take”inthepassagemeans__________.A．politenessandimpoliteness B．willingnesstogiveintoeachother’swishesC．offeringhelptoothersasmuchaspossible D．goodmannersandbadmanners4、Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．RoadPoliteness B．TrafficProblemsC．BadMannersontheRoad D．GoodDriversandBadDriver第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）After20yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanoutto1.Shesaid,“Iloveyou,butIknowthisotherwomanlovesyoutoo.”Theotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmymother,whohasbeenawidow(寡妇)for19years,butmybusylifehadmadeitimpossibletovisither2.ThatnightIcalledto3heroutfordinner.“What’swrong?areyouwell?”sheasked.Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenight4isasignofbadnews.“Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,”I5.Shethoughtaboutitforamoment,and6.Duringthedinner,wehadanagreeableconversation—7extraordinarybutrecenteventsofeachother’slife.Beforewe8,shesaid,“I’llgooutwithyouagain,9onlyifyouletmeinviteyou.”Afewdays10,mymotherdiedofaheartattack.It11sosuddenlythatIdidn’thaveachancetodoanythingforher.Afewdaysafterthefuneral,Ireceivedanenvelopewithareceipt(收据)fromthesameplacewheremotherandIhad12.Anattachednote13:“Ipaidthisbill14.Iwasn’tsurethatIcouldbethere;butnevertheless,Ipaidfortwo15—oneforyouandtheotherforyour16.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnightmeantforme.I17you,son.”Atthatmoment,I18theimportanceofsayingintime:“ILOVEYOU”.Giveyourfamilythe19theydeserve,becausesometimesthingscannotbe20till“someothertime”.1、A．home B．talk C．movie D．dinner2、A．directly B．frequently C．rarely D．exactly3、A．bring B．take C．force D．invite4、A．visit B．meal C．ring D．date5、A．argued B．whispered C．committed D．responded6、A．agreed B．refused C．promised D．nodded7、A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything8、A．met B．parted C．left D．divided9、A．but B．and C．so D．or10、A．before B．earlier C．ago D．later11、A．broke B．formed C．fell D．struck12、A．sat B．waited C．gathered D．dined13、A．saw B．read C．showed D．wrote14、A．inadvance B．onpurpose C．byaccident D．withpatience15、A．tables B．dishes C．seats D．chances16、A．mother B．family C．wife D．child17、A．miss B．admire C．love D．hug18、A．sensed B．accepted C．checked D．pursued19、A．time B．money C．comfort D．calls20、A．ensured B．delayed C．forgotten D．forgiven第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）BritishPrimeMinisterTheresaMaymadean1．(office)visittoChinafromJan31toFeb2.Shesaidinher2．(speak)Jan31that,“withthebuildingoftheglobalcomprehensivestrategicpartnershiptowardsthe21stcenturybetweenChinaandtheUK,therelationshiphas3．(deep)bypeople-to-peopleandculturalexchangesbetweenthetwocountries.”InexchangesbetweenChinaandtheUK,Britishteahasbecomeaculturalpartthathastobementioned.Tea,4．theimportantgoodsoftheancientmaritimeSilkRoad,wasonceanimportantcarrierofSino-Britishtraderelations,andhasexistedforthousandsofyears.Throughbusinessandtrade5．hascoveredmorethan10,000kilometersand100years,ChineseteahasofficiallyenteredeverycornerofEurope.TheUK,however,istheEuropeancountrymost6．(affect)byteaculture.Thepopularityoftea-drinkinginBritainwasfirstlimitedtotheroyalfamily.Later,whenexpensive7．(tea)weresoldincertaincafes,womenwereinitiallynotallowedtoenter.Itwasn’t8．1706thatThomasTwiningfoundedtheworld’sfirstdryteaandcoffeeshopinLondon.TheteashopquicklybecameafavoriteplaceforLondonwomen.9．(Strong)promotedbythosefashionablewomen,10．(taste)teagraduallybecamepopularamongtheupperclassofBritain.Intheeyesofpeoplewholoveteacultureallovertheworld,TwiningsteahasbecomerepresentativeofBritishtea.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearTom，Howtimeflies！Nextweekisyourbirthday、Happybirthdayforyou！I'vesentyouacanofteaasagift，whichIhopeyouwilllikeit、NowIwillintroduceChineseteaculturetoyou、Chineseteahashistoryofmorethan4，000years、Generalspeaking，there'remanykindofteainChina，includinggreentea，redteaandsoon、Drinkteahasmanybenefits、Forexample，itcanmakepeoplerelaxing、Besides，ithasbeenprovedthatteawasbeneficialtopeople'shealthy、Nowonderthatteaisbecomeincreasinglypopularwithpeoplearoundtheworld、IhopeyouwillloveChineseteaandteaculture、Happybirthday！Yours，LiHua第二节书面表达（满分25分）29．（25分）假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Tom得知和他一样，你也非常喜欢奇幻小说，写信询问你对奇幻小说的看法。请根据以下要点给Tom回信：1．奇幻小说情节生动、离奇，很有吸引