《论语》中英对照(理雅各译)

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ConfucianAnalects

JamesLegge,1893

擘而第一

BookI:HsioR

Chapter1

子曰：“擘而畤雪之，不亦^乎？有朋自速方来，不亦槃乎？人不知而不慌,

不亦君子乎？”

Thewholeworkandachievementofthelearner,firstperfectinghis

knowledge,thenattractingbyhisfamelike-mindedindividuals,and

finallycompleteinhimself.

1.TheMastersaid,〃Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstant

perseveranceandapplication?

2.〃Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?

3.〃Ishenotamanofcompletevirtue,whofeelsnodiscomposurethough

menmaytakenonoteofhim?”

achievement[oDtJi:vmont]n.完成；成就

perfect[Dp3：flkt]v.使完善;使完备;使完美

attract[oEltr纪kt]vt.吸引;引起…的好感

fame[felm]n.名声;名望

like-minded[laik，maIndid]adj,志趣相投的

individuals[indTvld3U81z]n.[口语]人；某种类型的人

constant[nkonstont]adj.不断的，持续的，始终如一的

perseverance[E]p3：sl□vioronsln.毅力;韧性；不屈不挠的精神

delightful[dlDlaltfl]adj.令人高兴的；令人愉快的；宜人的

distant[Ddlstoat]adj.遥远的，远离的

quarter[Okwo：to(r)]n.地区

virtue[Dva：tju:]n.美德；德行；价值

discomposure[□dIskom，poo3o(r)]n.心'乱,不安

takenoteof注意，留意

Chapter2

有子曰：“其舄人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣。不好犯上，而好作属L者，未

之有也。君子矜本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其舄仁之本舆！”

Filialpietyandfraternalsubmissionarethefoundationofallvirtuous

practice.

1.ThephilosopherYusaid,“Theyarefewwho,beingfilialandfraternal,

arefondofoffendingagainsttheirsuperiors.Therehavebeennone,who,

notlikingtooffendagainsttheirsuperiors,havebeenfondofstirring

upconfusion.

2.“Thesuperiormanbendshisattentiontowhatisradical.Thatbeing

established,allpracticalcoursesnaturallygrowup.Filialpietyand

fraternalsubmission!-aretheynottherootofallbenevolentactions?"

filial[□门liol]adj.子女的

pietyLDpaiQti]n.虔诚，虔敬；孝顺

fraternal[frgElt3：nl]adj.兄弟的;兄弟般的

submission[sabQmlJn]n.服从；谦恭,柔顺

virtuous[Dva：tjuos]adj.道德的,有德行的;善良的

philosopher[foEZIlDsofoQ)]n.哲学家；思想家

offend[oDfend]vt.触怒；冒犯

superior[su:□pl9rio(r)]n,上级,上司；优胜者

stirup[sto:Ap]激起；挑起；搅扰

bend[bend]vt.(使)弯曲；强行；集中全力于

radical[Dr«dlkl]adj.根本的，基本的；彻底的

benevolent[boDnevolont]adj.乐善好施的；慈善的

Chapter3

子曰：“巧言令色，解矣仁。”

Fairappearancesaresuspicious.

TheMastersaid,“Finewordsandaninsinuatingappearanceareseldom

associatedwithtruevirtue.，z

fair[feo(r)]adj.公平的；晴朗的；美丽的

appearance[oDplorons]n.外貌，外观

suspicious[soDspladj.可疑的；怀疑的；不信任的

insinuating[ln，slnjueltlg]adj.曲意巴结的，暗示的

beassociated[oDsouJielt]with和…联系在一起；与…有关

Chapter4

曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：舄人言某而不忠乎？典朋友交而不信乎？停不曾

乎？”

HowthephilosopherTsangdailyexaminedhimself,toguardagainsthis

beingguiltyofanyimposition.

ThephilosopherTsangsaid,〃Idailyexaminemyselfonthreepoints:--

whether,intransactingbusinessforothers,Imayhavebeennot

faithful;一whether,inintercoursewithfriends,Imayhavebeennot

sincere;一一whetherImayhavenotmasteredandpracticedtheinstructions

ofmyteacher.

philosopher[foDlDsofs(r)]n.哲学家，哲人；思想家

guilty[Dgllti]adj.内疚的;有罪的

imposition[口impoDzlJn]n.强加；被迫接受；过分的要求

transact[trcenDzsekt]vt.办理(业务等)

faithful[Qfel0fl]adj.忠实的；忠诚的；正确的

intercourse[□intoko:s]n.交流，交往，交际

sincere[slnDsl8(r)]adj.真诚的，诚挚的；〈古〉纯粹的

master[□ma:sto(r)]vt.精通，熟练

instruction[inDstrAkJn]n.授课；教诲；传授的或获得的课程

Chapter5

子曰：“道千乘之阈，敬事而信，第用而爱人，使民以畤。”

Fundamentalprinciplesforthegovernmentofalargestate.

TheMastersaid,“Toruleacountryofathousandchariots,theremust

bereverentattentiontobusiness,andsincerity;economyinexpenditure,

andloveformen;andtheemploymentofthepeopleattheproperseasons.

Chapter6

子曰：“弟子入刖孝，出即弟，而信，汉爱冢，而貌仁。行有绘力，刖以

擘文。”

Rulesforthetrainingoftheyoung:-dutyfirstandthenaccomplishments.

TheMastersaid,〃Ayouth,whenathome,shouldbefilial,and,abroad,

respectfultohiselders.Heshouldbeearnestandtruthful.Heshould

overflowinlovetoall,andcultivatethefriendshipofthegood.When

hehastimeandopportunity,aftertheperformanceofthesethings,he

shouldemploytheminpolitestudies.z，

Chapter7

子夏日：易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；舆朋友交，言

而有信。st日未阜，吾必耦之阜矣。”

Tsze-hsia，sviewsofthesubstanceoflearning.

Tsze-hsiasaid,〃Ifamanwithdrawshismindfromtheloveofbeauty,and

appliesitassincerelytotheloveofthevirtuous;if,inservinghis

parents,hecanexerthisutmoststrength;if,inservinghisprince,he

candevotehislife;if,inhisintercoursewithhisfriends,hiswords

aresincere:-althoughmensaythathehasnotlearned,Iwillcertainly

saythathehas.〃

Chapter8

子曰：“君子不重即不威，擘划不固，主忠信，影友不如己者，谩用J勿悌改J

Principlesofself-cultivation.

1.TheMastersaid,〃Ifthescholarbenotgrave,hewillnotcallforth

anyveneration,andhislearningwillnotbesolid.

2.“Holdfaithfulnessandsincerityasfirstprinciples.

3.“Havenofriendsnotequaltoyourself.

4.“Whenyouhavefaults,donotfeartoabandonthem.〃

Chapter9

曾子曰：追速，民德展帚厚矣。”

Thegoodeffectofattentiononthepartofsuperiorstotheofficesof

thedead:一一anadmonitionofTsangShan.

ThephilosopherTsangsaid,“Lettherebeacarefulattentiontoperform

thefuneralritestoparents,andletthembefollowedwhenlonggonewith

theceremoniesofsacrifice;―thenthevirtueofthepeoplewillresume

itsproperexcellence.，z

Chapter10

子禽冏於子贡曰：“夫子至於是邦也，必其政。求之舆？抑舆之舆？”

子^曰：“夫子温、良、恭、倏、^以得之。夫子之求之也，其^^乎人之

求之舆？”

CharacteristicsofConfucius,andtheirinfluenceontheprincesofthe

time.

1.Tsze-ch，inaskedTsze-kung,saying,“Whenourmastercomestoany

country,hedoesnotfailtolearnallaboutitsgovernment.Doesheask

hisinformation?orisitgiventohim?〃

2.Tsze-kungsaid,〃0urmasterisbenign,upright,courteous,temperate,

andcomplaisantandthushegetshisinformation.Themaster'smodeof

askinginformation!--isitnotdifferentfromthatofothermen?”

Chapter11

子曰：“父在，觐其志。父没，觐其行。三年融改於父之道，可需孝矣。”

Onfilialduty.

TheMastersaid,/zWhileaman，sfatherisalive,lookatthebentofhis

will;whenhisfatherisdead,lookathisconduct.Ifforthreeyears

hedoesnotalterfromthewayofhisfather,hemaybecalledfilial.z，

Chapter12

有子曰：“橙之用，和焉贵。先王之道，斯篇美。小大由之。有所不行。知

和而和，不以橙之，亦不可行也。”

Inceremoniesanaturaleaseistobeprized,andyettobesubordinate

totheendofceremonies,-一thereverentialobservanceofpropriety.

1.ThephilosopherYusaid,〃Inpracticingtherulesofpropriety,a

naturaleaseistobeprized.Inthewaysprescribedbytheancientkings,

thisistheexcellentquality,andinthingssmallandgreatwefollow

them.

2.〃Yetitisnottobeobservedinallcases.Ifone,knowinghowsuch

easeshouldbeprized,manifestsit,withoutregulatingitbytherules

ofpropriety,thislikewiseisnottobedone.〃

Chapter13

有子曰：“信近於羲，言可厘也。恭近於橙，速的辱也。因不失其貌，亦可

宗也。”

Tosavefromfuturerepentance,wemustbecarefulinourfirststeps.

ThephilosopherYusaid,“Whenagreementsaremadeaccordingtowhatis

right,whatisspokencanbemadegood.Whenrespectisshownaccording

towhatisproper,onekeepsfarfromshameanddisgrace.Whentheparties

uponwhomamanleansareproperpersonstobeintimatewith,hecanmake

themhisguidesandmasters.

Chapter14

子曰：“君子食辗求，能；居辗求，安；敏於事而慎於言；就有道而正焉：

可需好擘也已。”

WithwhatmindoneaimingtobeaChun-tszepursueshislearning.

TheMastersaid,〃Hewhoaimstobeamanofcompletevirtueinhisfood

doesnotseektogratifyhisappetite,norinhisdwellingplacedoeshe

seektheappliancesofease;heisearnestinwhatheisdoing,andcareful

inhisspeech;hefrequentsthecompanyofmenofprinciplethathemay

berectified:一一suchapersonmaybesaidindeedtolovetolearn.z，

Chapter15

子^曰：“贫而备富而瓢11，何如？”子曰：“可也；未若贫而攀，富

而好橙者也。”

子^曰：“行寺》云：'如切如磋，如琢如磨。'其斯之舆？”子曰：“赐

也，始可舆言售寺》已矣，告^往而知来者。”

Anillustrationofthesuccessivestepsinself-cultivation.

1.Tsze-kungsaid,“Whatdoyoupronounceconcerningthepoormanwhoyet

doesnotflatter,andtherichmanwhoisnotproud?”TheMasterreplied,

“Theywilldo;buttheyarenotequaltohim,who,thoughpoor,isyet

cheerful,andtohim,who,thoughrich,lovestherulesofpropriety.z，

2.Tsze-kungreplied,〃ItissaidintheBookofPoetry,'Asyoucutand

thenfile,asyoucarveandthenpolish.'-Themeaningisthesame,I

apprehend,asthatwhichyouhavejustexpressed.

3.TheMastersaid,“WithonelikeTs，ze,Icanbegintotalkaboutthe

odes.Itoldhimonepoint,andheknewitspropersequence.，z

Chapter16

子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”

Personalattainmentshouldbeourchiefaim.

TheMastersaid,〃Iwillnotbeafflictedatmen，snotknowingme;Iwill

beafflictedthatIdonotknowmen.

(《ConfucianAnalects》)

Ji政第二

BookII:WeiChang

Chapter1

子曰：“舄政以德，譬如北辰居其所而冢星共之。”

Theinfluenceofvirtueinaruler.

TheMastersaid,〃Hewhoexercisesgovernmentbymeansofhisvirtuemay

becomparedtothenorthpolarstar,whichkeepsitsplaceandallthe

starsturntowardsit.〃

Chapter2

子曰：“《爵》三百，一言以蔽之，曰'思辗邪‘。”

ThepuredesignoftheBookofPoetry.

TheMastersaid,〃IntheBookofPoetryarethreehundredpieces,butthe

designofthemallmaybeembracedinonesentence-'Havingnodepraved

thoughts.J〃

Chapter3

子曰：“道之以政，膂之以刑，民免而辗算L道之以德，膂之以橙，有的且

格。”

Howrulersshouldprefermoralappliances.

1.TheMastersaid,〃Ifthepeoplebeledbylaws,anduniformitysought

tobegiventhembypunishments,theywilltrytoavoidthepunishment,

buthavenosenseofshame.

2.〃Iftheybeledbyvirtue,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhemby

therulesofpropriety,theywillhavethesenseofshame,andmoreover

willbecomegood.〃

Chapter4

子曰：“吾十有五而志於阜，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六

十而耳J嗅，七十而彳他心所欲，不瑜矩。”

Confucius'sownaccountofhisgradualprogressandattainments.

1.TheMastersaid,〃Atfifteen,Ihadmymindbentonlearning.

2.〃Atthirty,Istoodfirm.

3.〃Atforty,Ihadnodoubts.

4.〃Atfifty,IknewthedecreesofHeaven.

5.〃Atsixty,myearwasanobedientorganforthereceptionoftruth.

6.〃Atseventy,Icouldfollowwhatmyheartdesired,without

transgressingwhatwasright.〃

Chapter5

孟懿子冏“孝"。子曰:“焦遍”

樊遽御。子告之曰：“孟繇冏'孝'於我，我封口'煮JT。”

樊遽曰：“何者胃也？"子曰：“生，事之以橙。死，葬之以褛，祭之以褛。”

Filialpietymustbeshownaccordingtotherulesofpropriety.

1.MangIaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,〃Itisnotbeing

disobedient.，z

2.Soonafter,asFanCh'ihwasdrivinghim,theMastertoldhim,saying,

“Mang-sunaskedmewhatfilialpietywas,andIansweredhim,一'notbeing

disobedient.

3.FanCh'ihsaid,Z/Whatdidyoumean?,，TheMasterreplied,，zThatparents,

whenalive,beservedaccordingtopropriety;that,whendead,theyshould

beburiedaccordingtopropriety;andthattheyshouldbesacrificedto

accordingtopropriety.，z

Chapter6

孟武伯冏孝。子曰：“父母唯其疾之夏。”

Theanxietyofparentsabouttheirchildrenanargumentforfilialpiety.

MangWuaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,“Parentsareanxious

lesttheirchildrenshouldbesick.”

Chapter7

子游冏孝。子曰：“今之孝者，是需能餐。至於犬焉，皆能有餐。不敬，何

以别乎？”

Howtheremustbereverenceinfilialduty.

Tsze-yuaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,“Thefilialpiety

nowadaysmeansthesupportofone，sparents.Butdogsandhorseslikewise

areabletodosomethinginthewayofsupport;一一withoutreverence,what

istheretodistinguishtheonesupportgivenfromtheother?”

Chapter8

子夏冏孝。子曰：“色辘。有事，弟子服其第；有酒食，先生曾是以禹

孝乎？”

Thedutiesoffilialpietymustbeperformedwithacheerfulcountenance.

Tsze-hsiaaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,“Thedifficulty

iswiththecountenance.If,whentheireldershaveanytroublesome

affairs,theyoungtakethetoilofthem,andif,whentheyounghavewine

andfood,theysetthembeforetheirelders,isTHIStobeconsidered

filialpiety?”

Chapter9

子曰：“吾典回言^日，不遑，如愚。退而省其私，亦足以赞。回也不愚。”

ThequietreceptivityofthediscipleHui.

TheMastersaid,〃IhavetalkedwithHuiforawholeday,andhehasnot

madeanyobjectiontoanythingIsaid;―asifhewerestupid.Hehas

retired,andIhaveexaminedhisconductwhenawayfromme,andfoundhim

abletoillustratemyteachings.Hui!一一Heisnotstupid.〃

Chapter10

子曰：“视其所以，^其所由，察其所安。人焉瘦哉？人焉瘦哉？”

Howtodeterminethecharactersofmen.

1.TheMastersaid,“Seewhatamandoes.

2.“Markhismotives.

3.“Examineinwhatthingsherests.

4.〃Howcanamanconcealhischaracter?Howcanamanconcealhis

character?”

Chapter11

子曰：“温故而知新，可以篇肺矣。”

Tobeabletoteachothersonemustfromhisoldstoresbecontinually

developingthingsnew.

TheMastersaid,〃Ifamankeepscherishinghisoldknowledge,soas

continuallytobeacquiringnew,hemaybeateacherofothers.z，

Chapter12

子曰：“君子不器。”

ThegeneralaptitudeoftheChtln-tsze.

TheMastersaid,“Theaccomplishedscholarisnotautensil.

Chapter13

子贡冏君子。子曰：“先行其言而彳爰优之。”

Howwiththesuperiormanwordsfollowactions.

Tsze-kungaskedwhatconstitutedthesuperiorman.TheMastersaid,〃He

actsbeforehespeaks,andafterwardsspeaksaccordingtohisactions.z，

Chapter14

子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。”

ThedifferencebetweentheChtln-tszeandthesmallman.

TheMastersaid,“Thesuperiormaniscatholicandnotpartisan.Themean

manispartisanandnotcatholic.

Chapter15

子曰：“阜而不思即罔，思而不阜即殆。”

Inlearning,readingandthoughtmustbecombined.

TheMastersaid,"Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithout

learningisperilous.z，

Chapter16

子曰：“攻乎昊端，斯害也已。”

Strangedoctrinesarenottobestudied.

TheMastersaid,“Thestudyofstrangedoctrinesisinjuriousindeed!

Chapter17

子曰：“由，^女知之乎！知之焉知之，不知焉不知，是知也。”

Thereshouldbenopretenseintheprofessionofknowledge,orthedenial

ofignorance.

TheMastersaid,〃Y6,shallIteachyouwhatknowledgeis?Whenyouknow

athing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,to

allowthatyoudonotknowit;一一thisisknowledge.z，

Chapter18

子张阜干禄。子曰：“多疑，慎言其绘，即寡尤。多见^殆，慎行其绘,

即寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。”

Theendinlearningshouldbeone'sownimprovement,andnotemolument.

1.Tsze-changwaslearningwithaviewtoofficialemolument.

2.TheMastersaid,“Hearmuchandputasidethepointsofwhichyoustand

indoubt,whileyouspeakcautiouslyatthesametimeoftheothers:--

thenyouwillaffordfewoccasionsforblame.Seemuchandputasidethe

thingswhichseemperilous,whileyouarecautiousatthesametimein

carryingtheothersintopractice:一一thenyouwillhavefewoccasionsfor

repentance.Whenonegivesfewoccasionsforblameinhiswords,andfew

occasionsforrepentanceinhisconduct,heisinthewaytoget

emolument.z，

Chapter19

哀公冏曰：“何焉即民服？”孔子封曰：“聚直金昔^枉，即民服。聚枉金昔

^直，即民不服。”

Howaprincebytherightemploymentofhisofficersmaysecurethereal

submissionofhissubjects.

TheDukeAiasked,saying,“Whatshouldbedoneinordertosecurethe

submissionofthepeople?”Confuciusreplied,，zAdvancetheuprightand

setasidethecrooked,thenthepeoplewillsubmit.Advancethecrooked

andsetasidetheupright,thenthepeoplewillnotsubmit.z，

Chapter20

季康子冏：“使民敬、忠以勤，如之何？”子曰：“陶之以刖敬。孝

慈,耻忠。聚善而教不能，峭”

Exampleinsuperiorsismorepowerfulthanforce.

ChiK'angaskedhowtocausethepeopletoreverencetheirruler,tobe

faithfultohim,andtogoontonervethemselvestovirtue.TheMaster

said,“Lethimpresideoverthemwithgravity;—thentheywillreverence

him.Lethimbefinalandkindtoall;一-thentheywillbefaithfulto

him.Lethimadvancethegoodandteachtheincompetent;一一thentheywill

eagerlyseektobevirtuous.

Chapter21

或需孔子曰：“子奚不焉政？”子曰：“《耆》云：'孝乎惟孝，友于兄弟，

施於有政。'是亦焉政，奚其舄焉政？”

Confucius'sexplanationofhisnotbeinginanyoffice.

1.SomeoneaddressedConfucius,saying,“Sir,whyareyounotengaged

inthegovernment?”

2.TheMastersaid,“WhatdoestheShu-chingsayoffilialpiety?--'You

arefinal,youdischargeyourbrotherlyduties,thesequalitiesare

displayedingovernment.JThisthenalsoconstitutestheexerciseof

government.WhymusttherebeTHAT一一makingonebeinthegovernment?^

Chapter22

子曰：“人而瓢信，不知其可也。大隼辗幌，小隼瓢朝:，其何以行之哉？”

Thenecessitytoamanofbeingtruthfulandsincere.

TheMastersaid,〃Idonotknowhowamanwithouttruthfulnessistoget

on.Howcanalargecarriagebemadetogowithoutthecrossbarforyoking

theoxento,orasmallcarriagewithoutthearrangementforyokingthe

horses?”

Chapter23

子弓后冏：“十世可知也？”子曰：“殷因於夏橙，所损益，可知也。周因於

殷橙，所损益，可知也。其或畿周者，雎百世，可知也。”

Thegreatprinciplesgoverningsocietyareunchangable.

1.Tsze-changaskedwhethertheaffairsoftenagesaftercouldbeknown.

2.Confuciussaid,“TheYindynastyfollowedtheregulationsoftheHsia:

whereinittookfromoraddedtothemmaybeknown.TheChaudynastyhas

followedtheregulationsofYin:whereinittookfromoraddedtothem

maybeknown.SomeothermayfollowtheChau,butthoughitshouldbeat

thedistanceofahundredages,itsaffairsmaybeknown.〃

Chapter24

子曰：“非其鬼而祭之，^也。兄羲不舄，辗勇也。”

Neitherinsacrificenorinanyotherpracticemayamandoanythingbut

whatisright.

1.TheMastersaid,“Foramantosacrificetoaspiritwhichdoesnot

belongtohimisflattery.

2.〃Toseewhatisrightandnottodoitiswantofcourage.

(《ConfucianAnalects》)

八倍第三

BookIII:PaYih

Chapter1

孔子需季氏：“八僧舞於庭，是可忍也，孰不可忍也？”

Confucius'sindignationattheusurpationofroyalrites.

ConfuciussaidoftheheadoftheChifamily,whohadeightrowsof

pantomimesinhisarea,〃Ifhecanbeartodothis,whatmayhenotbear

todo?〃

Chapter2

三家者以《雍》微。子曰：“'相幺隹辟公，天子穆穆'，奚取於三家之堂？”

Againagainstusurpedrites.

ThethreefamiliesusedtheYUNGode,whilethevesselswerebeingremoved,

attheconclusionofthesacrifice.TheMastersaid,Assistingarethe

princes;―thesonofheavenlooksprofoundandgrave，;―whatapplication

canthesewordshaveinthehallofthethreefamilies?”

Chapter3

子曰：“人而不仁，如橙何？人而不仁，如槃何？”

Ceremoniesandmusicvainwithoutvirtue.

TheMastersaid,〃Ifamanbewithoutthevirtuespropertohumanity,what

hashetodowiththeritesofpropriety?Ifamanbewithoutthevirtues

propertohumanity,whathashetodowithmusic?”

Chapter4

林放冏橙之本。子曰：“大哉冏！橙，典其奢也，WoW,舆其易也，事

戚。”

Theobjectofceremoniesshouldregulatethem:一一againstformalism.

1.LinFangaskedwhatwasthefirstthingtobeattendedtoinceremonies.

2.TheMastersaid,〃Agreatquestionindeed!

3.〃Infestiveceremonies,itisbettertobesparingthanextravagant.

Intheceremoniesofmourning,itisbetterthattherebedeepsorrowthan

aminuteattentiontoobservances./z

Chapter5

子曰：“夷狄之有君，不如^夏之亡也。”

TheanarchyofConfucius，stime.

TheMastersaid,“Therudetribesoftheeastandnorthhavetheirprinces,

andarenotliketheStatesofourgreatlandwhicharewithoutthem.〃

Chapter6

季氏旅於泰山。

子需冉有曰：“女弗能救舆？”WS：“不能。”

子曰：“卿乎！曾言胃泰山不如林放乎？”

Onthefollyofusurpedsacrifices.

ThechiefoftheChifamilywasabouttosacrificetotheTaimountain.

TheMastersaidtoZanYu,“Canyounotsavehimfromthis?”Heanswered,

〃Icannot.〃Confuciussaid,"Alas!willyousaythattheT'支imountain

isnotsodiscerningasLinFang?”

Chapter7

子曰：“君子辗所事，必也射乎！揖^而升，下而欲。其事也君子。”

Thesuperiormanavoidsallcontentiousstriving.

TheMastersaid,“Thestudentofvirtuehasnocontentions.Ifitbesaid

hecannotavoidthem,shallthisbeinarchery?Buthebowscomplaisantly

tohiscompetitors;thusheascendsthehall,descends,andexactsthe

forfeitofdrinking.Inhiscontention,heisstilltheChlin-tsze.，z

Chapter8

子夏冏曰："'巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以篇^兮。’何需也？”

子曰：%曾事彳爰素。”

日：“橙彳爰乎？”

子曰：“起予者商也！始可奥言爵已矣。”

Ceremoniesaresecondaryandmerelyornamental.

1.Tsze-hsiaasked,saying,“Whatisthemeaningofthepassage-'The

prettydimplesofherartfulsmile!Thewell-definedblackandwhiteof

hereye!Theplaingroundforthecolors?''

2.TheMastersaid,“Thebusinessoflayingonthecolorsfollows(the

preparationof)theplainground.〃

3.''Ceremoniesthenareasubsequentthing?”TheMastersaid,〃ItisShang

whocanbringoutmymeaning.NowIcanbegintotalkabouttheodeswith

him.〃

Chapter9

子曰：“夏褛，吾能言之，杞不足徵也。殷橙，吾能言之，宋不足徵也。文

献不足故也。足，即吾能徵之矣。”

Thedecayofthemonumentsofantiquity.

TheMastersaid,〃IcoulddescribetheceremoniesoftheHsiadynasty,

butChicannotsufficientlyattestmywords.Icoulddescribethe

ceremoniesoftheYindynasty,butSungcannotsufficientlyattestmy

words.(Theycannotdoso)becauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirrecords

andwisemen.Ifthoseweresufficient,Icouldadducetheminsupport

ofmywords.〃

Chapter10

子曰：门帝，自既灌而往者，吾不欲觐之矣。"

Thesage'sdissatisfactionatthewantofproprietyinceremonies.

TheMastersaid,〃Atthegreatsacrifice,afterthepouringoutofthe

libation,Ihavenowishtolookon.〃

Chapter11

或冏襁之子曰：“不知也。知其^者之於天下也，其如示1g斯乎！”指

其掌。

Theprofoundmeaningofthegreatsacrifice.

Someoneaskedthemeaningofthegreatsacrifice.TheMastersaid,〃I

donotknow.Hewhoknewitsmeaningwouldfinditaseasytogovernthe

kingdomastolookonthis”-pointingtohispalm.

Chapter12

祭如在，祭神如神在。子曰：“吾不典祭，如不祭。”

Confucius'sownsincerityinsacrificing.

1.Hesacrificedtothedead,asiftheywerepresent.Hesacrificedto

thespirits,asifthespiritswerepresent.

2.TheMastersaid,〃Iconsidermynotbeingpresentatthesacrifice,

asifIdidnotsacrifice.z，

Chapter13

王孑系贾冏曰：“奥其媚於奥，事媚於靠，何言胃也？”子曰：“不然！狸罪於

天，熊所旖也。”

Thatthereisnoresourceagainsttheconsequencesofviolatingtheright.

1.Wang-sunChiaasked,saying,“Whatisthemeaningofthesaying,'It

isbettertopaycourttothefurnacethantothesouthwestcorner?'"

2.TheMastersaid,“Notso.Hewhooffends