主谓一致课件【知识精讲+拓展提升】 高三英语一轮复习

主谓一致1.认识主谓一致3.主谓一致的运用2.三原则我是兔子。你是兔子。他是兔子。我们是兔子。Iamarabbit.Youarearabbit.Heisarabbit.Wearerabbit.孤立语词形几乎无变化；动词不存在语法意义上的变位屈折语以词形变化表达语法意义；如：谓语动词的变位Tom_____（like）cats.TomandLily_____（like）cats.likeslike主谓：_______________主谓一致：______________________________主语和谓语动词主语和谓语动词在人称和数上必须一致主谓一致1.认识主谓一致3.主谓一致的运用2.三原则1.语法一致主语和谓语通常在语法形式上要取得一致Tomisagoodstudent.MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.2.意义一致意义上的一致着眼于主语的内容而非外在的语法形式Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Myfamilyislarge.3.就近一致谓语动词应和离它最近的主语保持人称和数的一致Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.Notonlyshebutalsoallherfamilyarekeenonconcerts.NotJackbuthisparentsaretoblameforthehomeaccident.1.认识主谓一致3.主谓一致的运用2.三原则3.主谓一致的运用（一）谓语动词用单数的情况（二）谓语动词用复数的情况（三）谓语动词取决于名词的单复数，或名词的意义（四）就远原则（五）就近原则（六）算式中的主谓一致（七）

定语从句中的谓语单复数（一）谓语动词用单数的情况1.单数名词/代词、不可数名词作主语时Aballisonthefloor.Somewaterisinthebottle.2.（1）manya+单数名词morethanone+单数名词a/an+单数名词+ortwo/andahalfManyastudent

haspassedtheexam.Morethanoneperson

wasinjuredintheaccident.Ayearandahalf

haspassed.（2）“more+可数名词复数+thanone”结构中谓语动词常用复数形式Moreexpertsthanone

areagainsthissuggestion.（3）“morethanonehundred+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式（中心词是复数）Morethanonehundredtourists

havejoinedthisdaytrip.3.主语是表示时间、重量、距离、金额等的复数名词时Ahundredmiles

isalongdistance.Twomonths

isalongholiday.Threethousanddollars

isquitealotofmoneyforaboy.4.主语是“each/every/no+单数名词+and(+each/every/no)+单数名词”Eachboyandeachgirl

hasgotaseat.5.（1）“oneandahalf+可数名词复数”作主语时，Oneandahalfweek

isallIcanspare.（2）“onein+基数词”作主语，相当于“几分之一”的用法，该结构作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词也用单数形式Itisreportedthatinthisareaoneinfivepeople

suffersfromheartattack.6.单个todo、doing作主语时Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureye.Readingnovelsandsolvingequationsaredifferentassignments.7.（1）“a/an+单数名词+ortwo”作主语，谓语动词用单数Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.（2）“oneortwo+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Oneortwostudentswerecleaningthewindowsyesterdayafternoon.8.（1）以-ics结尾的表示学科的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数如：politics，statistics，economics，physics等。Physicsisoneofmyfavoritesubjects.（2）如果这些以-ics结尾的学科名词转义表示具体实践活动、性能、现象等时，则是复数名词，谓语动词要用复数形式。Hispoliticsareveryradical.9.以复数形式出现的专有名词作主语时，如国名、人名、书名、组织机构名等，要用单数形式。TheNewYorkTimes

isapopularnewspaperintheUS.10.名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数；主句为系表结构时，主句谓语由作表语的名词或代词决定。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheld

hasnotyetbeenannounced.Whattheboywants

is

atoy,andwhathissisterwantsaresomestorybooks.Whathelefthere

were

lotsofbooks.11.（1）独立的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式常见的这类不定代词有：either,neither,each,one,theother,another,someone类的复合不定代词。Nobodyknowsexactlyhowmanyspecies.Everyonewascalm.Anotheristoensurethatallchildrencompleteprimaryeducation.EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.（2）某些不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其所指的内容这些不定代词有all,some,any,more,most，以及therest,half等。Alloftheseprocessesareaformofnaturalevolution.AllIwantispeaceandquietness.12.much类或此类词修饰的名词作主语即指代或修饰不可数名词的词，如alittle，much，agreatdealof，alargeamountof，作主语，或修饰不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。AlittlefreedomisallIask.Muchinformationhasbeenwrittendown.1.Everyboyandeverygirl____present____thefarewellpartyyesterday.A.was;toB.was;atC.were;atD.were;toB2.Itisreportedthatmorethanonepolitician_____inthisscandal.A.hasinvolvedB.hasbeeninvolvedC.havebeeninvolvedD.haveinvolvedB3.Manyastudent____awalkoncampusafterdinner.Butmanystudents____computergamesinthedormitory.A.takes;playB.take;playC.took;playD.havetaken;haveplayedA4.Onehundredandtwentykilometersperhour____usuallythespeedlimitforcarsonthefreeway.A.areB.isC.haveD.hadB5.Attendingconcertsonthecampus____partofthepleasureofcollegelife.A.areB.isC.itisD.beingB6.Everybodyintheoffice____howtooperatethecomputer.A.knowB.isknowC.wereknownD.knowsD7.Growingvegetables___constantlywatering.A.neededB.areneededC.wereneededD.needsD（二）谓语动词用复数的情况（二）谓语动词用复数的情况1.复数名词（代词）作主语，谓语动词用复数。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.2.某些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数形式如：people（人们），police（警擦），cattle（牛群）等。Policewereveryshockedbytherobbery.注意：某些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于该词的具体含义如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为多个个体来看待，谓语动词用复数形式audience（观众），army（军队），class（班级），crew（全体船员），company（公司），crowd（人群），enemy（敌人），family（家庭），group（组），government（政府），public（公众），population（人口），team（队）......Ourgrouparegoingtovisitthechimpsintheforest.Myfamilyisalargeoneandthewholefamilyaremusiclovers.3.（1）“the+形容词/分词”作主语时表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；指个别人或表示抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式这类搭配有theold,theyoung,thedeaf,theblind,thedead,therich,thepoor,theliving,theinjured......Theinjuredhavebeensenttothenearesthospitalimmediately.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.（2）“the+姓氏的复数”表示“某某夫妇或一家人”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。TheGreensarehavinglunchnow.4.“both...and...”连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。BothNewYorkandLondonhavetrafficproblems.5.以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。ThePhilippinesareinthewesternPacificOcean.6.某些以复数形式结尾的名词，谓语动词只能用复数形式如：belongings（财产，所有物），leavings（剩余物），earnings（所得，收入），thanks（感激），goods（货物），savings（储蓄）......ThefamilyweresavedintheWenchuanearthquakebutallthebelongingswerelost.Allmysavingsareintendedforthepoorchildrenofthemountainsvillages.7.由两个对应部分组成的一个整体的名词作主语时，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数形式此类词有glasses（眼镜），trousers（裤子），shoes（鞋子），scissors（剪刀），clothes（衣服），compasses（圆规），chopsticks（筷子），pants（裤子）等但若此类词被aset/pairof

等量词修饰时，则由量词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。Yourglassesareonyournose.Thispairofshoesisunderthebed.8.several类词或此类词修饰的名词作主语即指代或修饰可数名词复数的词，如several，afew，quiteafew，agreatmany(of...)，作主语或修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Quiteafew

haveseenthisIndianfilm.Severalofthem

aredeterminedtoworkinthecountryaftergraduation.9.（1）and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常用复数EnglishandChinesearequitedifferentlanguages.Thebreadandthebutterareonsale.（2）and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数Theteacherandvideocreatorisarabbit.Theteacherandthevideocreatorarerabbits.Iflawandorderisnotpreserved,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.用and连接的词组表示一个概念：lawandorder法制 soapandwater肥皂水acupandsaucer茶杯碟子 forkandknife刀叉theneedleandthread针线

trialanderror反复尝试，不断摸索horseandcarriage马车

timeandtide岁月breadandbutter奶油面包

theebbandflow盛衰，潮涨潮落（3）由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each,every,manya/an,no时，谓语动词用单数形式Eachbookand(each)paperisfoundinitsplace.Noteacherand(no)studentwashere.10.（1）“anumberof+可数名词复数”、“avarietyof+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数形式。Anumberofcarsareparkedinfrontofthebuilding.（2）“thenumberof+可数名词复数”，意为“......的数目”；“thevarietyof+可数名词复数”，意为“......的种类”，作主语时，谓语用单数形式Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.Anumberofteachersarepresenttoday,andthenumberofthemis500.8.Therich___notalwayshappy.A.isB.hasC.haveD.areD9.Thecommittee____amongthemselvesforfourhours.A.hasbeenarguingB.hasbeenarguedC.havebeenarguingD.havebeenarguedC10.Thesingeranddancer____tomakeaspeechthisafternoon.A.isB.areC.isaboutD.areaboutA11.Thenumberofprivatecolleges____.A.areincreasingB.havebeenincreasedC.haveincreasedD.hasincreasedD（三）谓语动词取决于名词的单复数，或名词的意义1.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如：alotof,lotsof,plentyof,heapsof,halfof,twothirdsof,eightypercentof,partof,restof,noneof,mostof,someof...Noneofus

have/haseverbeenabroad.Noneofthemoney

waspaidtome.Thereisplentyofwaterinthebucket.Thereareplentyofeggsinthebox.2.单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据该名词所表达的单复数概念而定。常见的这类名词有：crossroads（十字路口），means（方法，手段），Chinese（中国人），series（系列），deer（鹿），sheep（羊），fish（鱼），species（物种），headquarters（总部），works（工厂），Japanese（日本人）...Thesteelworksliesintheeastofthetown.TheChinesearethefriendliestpeopleIhaveevermet.Somefishattractotherfishwithalightontheirbody—andtheneatthem!知识要点：work表示“作品”时，其单数形式为work，复数形式为worksWarandPeaceisagreatwork.HaveyoueverreadtheworksofShakespeare?3.“分数词+of”作主语主语是“分数+of”时，要根据of后的名词来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Eightypercentofthehighway

hasbeencompletedsofar.AbouttwothirdsoftheEarth’ssurface

iscoveredbytheseaswhicharehometomillionsofspeciesofplantsandanimals.4.all,most,half,enough,some,therest,theremainder这些词也可以单独作主语，一般遵循意义一致原则Althoughhismanyexampleswereallright,theremainder

werenotexact.5.therest(of)类词作主语therest(of)，theremaining,part(of)等词或短语作主语，或者是它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语，其谓语动词应根据主语所表达的单复数意义而定。Manyworkerswenthome,andtherestof

wereintheworkshop.Therestofhistime

wasspentinplayinggames.6.some类词作主语或修饰的名词作主语。some，plentyof，alot(of)，lotsof等既可以修饰可数名词复数，又可以修饰不可数名词的词，其谓语动词的单复数取决于所修饰的名词的单复数形式。Alotofparents

arecomingtothemeeting.Alotofwork

istobedonetopreparefortheWorldExpo.7.aquantity(of)和(large)quantities(of)修饰名词作主语时，其谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定。Alargequantityofmilkwasreportednottoreachthestandard.Quantitiesofnutsareonthetable.12.Lotsofadvice____tothemonhowtofightagainstsandstorms.A.hasgivenB.aregivenC.wasgivenD.alreadygaveC13.Twothirdsofthebooks____soldoutbutonly10percentoftheincome____tome.A.was;wereB.was;wasC.were;wasD.were;wereC14.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscity____nowonstrike.A.isB.areC.istobeD.aretobeB（四）就远原则主语带有togetherwith,alongwith,suchas,accompaniedby,aswellas,nolessthan,except,besides,with,combinedwith,inadditionto,including,ratherthan,like等附加成分时，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.（they与I并列主语，用主格，不用them）（五）就近原则当notonly...but(also),...not...but...,or,either...or..,neither...nor...等连接并列主语时，以及在therebe句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。NeitherJacknorIhaveseenthisfilm.Eitheryouorheistoattendthemeetingtomorrow.15.There____abottleofwineandahalfleftathome.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hashadA