英语语言文学专业综合英汉互译文学欣赏命题英语作文2003答案

优选文档优选文档PAGE优选文档

国际关系学院英语语言文学专业

2003年硕士研究生入学考试一试题

英语语言文学专业综合

本科目考试时间为3小时，总分150分

考生一律在答题纸上作答，在试题纸或底稿纸上答题无效

考试结束后，试题，答题纸，底稿纸不得带出考场，违者按违犯考试纪律办理

Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

Recentcommentatorsagreethattragedyasanartformhasundergoneanirrevocable

transformation.Somecriticsdatethischangeataroundthefirstdecadeofthe20thcentury,while

otherswouldhaveitbeginasfarbackastheeraofRacine.Inanycase,withayearortwoofeach

other,duringtheearly1960’sGeorgeSteinerwroteeloquentlyofthe“DeathofTragedy”,MartinEsslintellinglycoinedtheterm“TheatreoftheAbsurd”.Laterinthesamedecade,WalterKaufmanntookissuewithportionsofSteiner’sargumentandterminology,butneverthelessconcededthedeclineoftragedy,linkingthisdeclinetothesenseofdespairoccasionedbythehorrorsofmodernhistory.Similarly,GeoffreyBreretonagreedthatallcriticshaveexperiencedthesamerealdifficultyindecidingwhathappenedtodramatictragedyinthecentury.Tosumuptheviewsofthecriticscitedabove,itwouldbejusttosaythatwhilethereexistedacoherentnotionoftragedyamongthedramaticstagesoffifth-centuryAthens,ElizabethanEngland,andseventeenth-centuryFrance,thecontributionstotragedybyGoethe,Ibsen,ChekovandotherwriterssinceRacineareeitherproblematicortransitional,andduringthelastseventyyearsithasbeenatbestquestionableandatworstmerenominalismtoapplytheepithet“tragic”tomoderndramaticliterature.

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(40points)

大自然素来是生活在它怀抱里的人类歌吟的对象。自然的规律，自然的变化，自然的美景，在所有的口头传说和文字中都是诗化的，都是不可以骄横的。最初，人类因对自然无知而惊异，进而也刺激出丰富的想象力，并致使神化的趋向。此后，看作熟的人类渐渐认识了自然，开始向自然索取并慢慢发展到企图征服自然，而且愈演愈烈时，自然的友善与平衡，便碰到了粗暴的损坏，沙漠化的地域出现了，灾祸性的洪水到临了，连空气和水质也常碰到污染，人类赖以生计的环境基础在碰到损坏的同时也把人类进一步推向窘境，有位环境专家甚至发出这样的警示：我们不要在疯狂追求财富的最后，发现自己穷得连一杯清水都没有了。

毫无疑问，人类太迟才认识到自然自己存在着一种友善与平衡。人类发现，过去和现在做的很多事情，早已组成了对自然的很多入侵和损坏；而当人类意识到自己也是自然的一部分时，人类自己早为此付出了巨大的代价。

现在，自然终于令人类理解了，要想把世界万物圆满地移交给后代后代，就必定对自然的所有生计基础予以全面的保护，而有交往的保护需要全世界范围的合作。这就是人类在发展中必定负有的特别责任。

WriteashortcommentinEnglishoneachofthefollowing(30points)

(1)

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouaremorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexdimm’d;

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade

NorshallDeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.

Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

(2)

Tobegin,thenwithShakespeare.Hewasthemanwhoofallmodern,andperhapsancientpoets,hadthelargestandmostcomprehensivesoul.AlltheimagesofNaturewerestillpresenttohim,andhedrewthem,notlaboriously,butluckily;whenhedescribesanything,youmorethanseeit,youfeelittoo.Thosewhoaccusehimtohavewantedlearning,givehimthegreatercommendation:hewasnaturallylearn’d.Icannotsayheiseverywherealike;wereheso,Ishoulddohiminjurytocomparehimwiththegreatestofmankind.Heismanytimesflat,insipid;hiscomicwitdegeneratingintoclenches,hisseriousswellingintobombast.Butheisalwaysgreat,whensomegreatoccasionispresentedtohim,nomancansayheeverhadafitsubjectforhiswit,anddidnotthenraisehimselfashighasabovetherestofpoets.TheconsiderationofthismadeMr.HalesofEatonsay,thattherewasnosubjectofwhichanypoeteverwrit,buthewouldproduceitmuchbettertreatedofinShakespeare;andhoweverothersarenowgenerallypreferredbeforehim,yettheagewhereinhelived,whichhadcontemporarieswithhimFletcherandJohnson,neverequaledthemtohimintheiresteem:andinthelastking’scourtwhenBen’sreputationwasathighest,SirJohnSuckling,andwithhimthegreaterpartofthecourtiers,setourShakespearefarabovehim.

AsforJohnson,ifwelookuponhimwhilehewashimself,Ithinkhimthemostlearnedandjudiciouswriterwhichanytheatreeverhad.Onecannotsayhewantedwit,butratherthathewasfrugalofit.Inhisworksyoufindlittletoretrenchoralter.IfIwouldcomparehimwithShakespeare,Imustacknowledgehimthemorecorrectpoet,butShakespearethegreaterwit.ShakespearewastheHomer,orfatherofourdramaticpoets;JohnsonwastheVirgil,thepatternofelaboratewriting;Iadmirehim,butIloveShakespeare.

Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic(40points)BooksandMan

参照答案

国际关系学院英语语言文学专业

2003年硕士研究生入学考试一试题

英语语言文学专业综合

本科目考试时间为3小时，总分150分

考生一律在答题纸上作答，在试题纸或底稿纸上答题无效

考试结束后，试题，答题纸，底稿纸不得带出考场，违者按违犯考试纪律办理

Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

Recentcommentatorsagreethattragedyasanartformhasundergoneanirrevocable

th

otherswouldhaveitbeginasfarbackastheeraofRacine.Inanycase,withayearortwoofeach

other,duringtheearly1960’sGeorgeSteinerwroteeloquentlyofthe“DeathofTragedy”,MartinEsslintellinglycoinedtheterm“TheatreoftheAbsurd”.Laterinthesamedecade,WalterKaufmanntookissuewithportionsofSteiner’sargumentandterminology,butneverthelessconcededthedeclineoftragedy,linkingthisdeclinetothesenseofdespairoccasionedbythehorrorsofmodernhistory.Similarly,GeoffreyBreretonagreedthatallcriticshaveexperiencedthesamerealdifficultyindecidingwhathappenedtodramatictragedyinthecentury.Tosumupthe

viewsofthecriticscitedabove,itwouldbejusttosaythatwhilethereexistedacoherentnotionoftragedyamongthedramaticstagesoffifth-centuryAthens,ElizabethanEngland,andseventeenth-centuryFrance,thecontributionstotragedybyGoethe,Ibsen,ChekovandotherwriterssinceRacineareeitherproblematicortransitional,andduringthelastseventyyearsithasbeenatbestquestionableandatworstmerenominalismtoapplytheepithet“tragic”tomoderndramaticliterature.

参照译文

悲剧作为一种艺术形式，经历了排山倒海的变化，近来的议论家们都认同这一见解。一些评

论家认为悲剧的改革始于20世纪的第一个十年，而其他人则将之远溯至拉辛那个时期。无论人们坚持哪一种见解，20世纪60年代初，乔治·史泰纳著和马丁·哀斯琳用了一两年的时间

分别写出《悲剧之死》和《荒唐的戏剧》。在稍晚一些时候，瓦尔特·考夫曼对史泰纳的见解和

术语提出了异议，但他认同了悲剧的衰落，而且他将悲剧的衰落与现代历史中各种惧怕行为所带

来的绝望情绪联系起来。同样的，吉奥弗里·布里顿也赞成，所有的议论家们在认定本世纪悲剧所发生的变化方面都碰到了同样的难题。将上面各议论家的见解综合起来，我们可以这样说，在

五世纪的雅典，伊丽莎白时代的英格兰和十七世纪的法国，人们对悲剧的认识是一脉相承的。与

此同时，歌德，易卜生，契科夫和其他拉辛此后的作家对悲剧的贡献要么是难以猜想，要么是起

到一个过渡的作用。而且在紧接着的七十年里，悲剧说得好听点是出了点问题，说得不好听，可是是把“悲剧”这一名号加在现代戏剧文学上而已。

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(40points)

大自然素来是生活在它怀抱里的人类歌吟的对象。自然的规律，自然的变化，自然的美

景，在所有的口头传说和文字中都是诗化的，都是不可以骄横的。最初，人类因对自然无知而惊异，进而也刺激出丰富的想象力，并致使神化的趋向。此后，看作熟的人类渐渐认识了自然，开始向自然索取并慢慢发展到企图征服自然，而且愈演愈烈时，自然的友善与平衡，便碰到了粗暴的损坏，沙漠化的地域出现了，灾祸性的洪水到临了，连空气和水质也常碰到污染，人类赖以生计的环境基础在碰到损坏的同时也把人类进一步推向窘境，有位环境专家甚至发出这样的警示：我们不要在疯狂追求财富的最后，发现自己穷得连一杯清水都没有了。

毫无疑问，人类太迟才认识到自然自己存在着一种友善与平衡。人类发现，过去和现在做的很多事情，早已组成了对自然的很多入侵和损坏；而当人类意识到自己也是自然的一部分时，人类自己早为此付出了巨大的代价。

现在，自然终于令人类理解了，要想把世界万物圆满地移交给后代后代，就必定对自然的所有生计基础予以全面的保护，而有交往的保护需要全世界范围的合作。这就是人类在发展中必定负有的特别责任。

参照译文

Naturehaslongbeenthethemeofeulogyofhumanbeingswholivewithinit.Itslaws,changesandbeautifulsceneriesarepoeticandholyinalloralandwrittenlegends.Attheverybeginning,humanbeingsarecuriousaboutnatureastheyknewlittleaboutit.Consequently,ampleimaginationwasstimulatedandthentendedtodeifythenature.Later,maturedhumanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Thereexisteddesertificationandcatastrophicflood.Evenairandwaterwerepolluted.Theenvironmentwhichwedependonlivingwasdeterioratingandhumanbeingswereheadingtowardplightandchaos.Anenvironmentalistevenwarnedus:whileweareinsanelypursuingfortunes,weintheendmightdiscoverthatweareevendeprivedofacupofcleanwater.

Undoubtedly,humanbeingsfinallyrealizedthatharmonyandequilibriumexistwithinthenature

whenit’stoolate.Theyalsofoundoutthatwhattheyhavedoneandwhattheyaredoinghavealreadycausedhugedestructiontothenature;whentheydiscoveredthey’realsoapartofthenature,humanbeingshavesacrificedalot.Now,naturetaughthumanbeingsalesson:theymustfullyprotectitbeforetheyhanddownanintactnaturetothefuturegeneration.Andaneffectiveprotectionneedsaworldwidecooperation.Andthisisthespecialresponsibilitythathumanbeingshavetobearonthecourseofdevelopment.

WriteashortcommentinEnglishoneachofthefollowing(30points)

(1)

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

Thouaremorelovelyandmoretemperate:

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;

Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexdimm’d;

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade

NorshallDeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.

Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

Answer:ItisoneofthemostfamoussonnetsofShakespeare.Andit’scontributedtoayoungmanwhowasknownasMr.W.H.,anobleman.Inthissonnet,Shakespeareisconcernedabouttheeffectofpassingtimeontheyoungman.Hesaysthatthoughhisfriendmaygrowoldandlosehisbeauty,hewillbeimmortalizedinthesonnetsthatShakespearewroteforhim.

(2)

Tobegin,thenwithShakespeare.Hewasthemanwhoofallmodern,andperhapsancientpoets,hadthelargestandmostcomprehensivesoul.AlltheimagesofNaturewerestillpresenttohim,andhedrewthem,notlaboriously,butluckily;whenhedescribesanything,youmorethanseeit,youfeelittoo.Thosewhoaccusehimtohavewantedlearning,givehimthegreatercommendation:hewasnaturallylearn’d.Icannotsayheiseverywherealike;wereheso,Ishoulddohiminjurytocomparehimwiththegreatestofmankind.Heismanytimesflat,insipid;hiscomicwitdegeneratingintoclenches,hisseriousswellingintobombast.Butheisalwaysgreat,whensomegreatoccasionispresentedtohim,nomancansayheeverhadafitsubjectforhiswit,anddidnotthenraisehimselfashighasabovetherestofpoets.TheconsiderationofthismadeMr.HalesofEatonsay,thattherewasnosubjectofwhichanypoeteverwrit,buthewouldproduceitmuchbettertreatedofinShakespeare;andhoweverothersarenowgenerallypreferredbeforehim,yettheagewhereinhelived,whichhadcontemporarieswithhimFletcherandJohnson,neverequaledthemtohimintheiresteem:andinthelastking’scourtwhenBen’sreputationwasathighest,SirJohnSuckling,andwithhimthegreaterpartofthecourtiers,setourShakespearefarabovehim.

AsforJohnson,ifwelookuponhimwhilehewashimself,Ithinkhimthemostlearnedandjudiciouswriterwhichanytheatreeverhad.Onecannotsayhewantedwit,butratherthathewasfrugalofit.Inhisworksyoufindlittletoretrenchoralter.IfIwouldcomparehimwithShakespeare,Imustacknowledgehimthemorecorrectpoet,butShakespearethegreaterwit.ShakespearewastheHomer,orfatherofourdramaticpoets;JohnsonwastheVirgil,thepatternofelaboratewriting;Iadmirehim,butIloveShakespeare.

Answer:ThisshortarticleisalsoconcerningaboutShakespearewhoinheartsofwritersinyoungergenerationhasbecomeaninsurmountablegenius.ToaccentShakespeares’importanceaswellas

greatness,theauthorsetoutmanyexamplesandevenmadeacomparisonbetweenShakespeareandBenJohnson.Allthesecomplimentsareaimedatonething:emphasizingthegreatnessofShak