化工工程词汇

PAGEPAGE2化工工程词汇项目建议1.项目建议概况资格qualification预备资格prequalification商务条款与条件commercialtermsandcondition商务commercial技术technical技术说明technicalspecification建议书proposalbook资料费informationprice估价estimatedprice报价quotedprice报价书quotation2报价资料工艺说明processdescription工艺特点processfeature经验记载experiencerecord工艺特性processperformance设备表equipmentlist说明规定规格specification简要说明shortspecification条件图sketchdrawing流程图flowdiagram平衡图balancediagram方框图blockdiagramP&I图P&Idiagram单线图singlelinediagram布置图layout平面布置图plotplan总图generalplotplan附件appendix资料文件ument3.合同技术用语保证guarantee性能保证performanceguarantee时间保证timeguarantee交货保证deliveryguarantee建造保证workmanshipguarantee生产能力capacity质量quality消耗量consumption原材料feedstock原料rawmaterial辅助原料sub-rawmaterial产品product付产品by-product中间产品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化学品chemical界区batterylimit(界区)进料incoming(界区)出料outgoing界区条件batterylimitscondition(配管图)分界区matchline工厂装置plant设备equipment关键设备criticalequipment专利设备proprietaryequipment有位号设备itemizedequipment无位号设备non-itemizedequipment散装材料bulkmaterial施工材料materialofconstruction仪表instrument备品备件sparepart建筑工具constructionaid(现场)居住设施accommodation现场派遣expatriate运转率onstreamfactor运转天数streamday系列train日历日calendarday日历月calendarmonth机械(试车)完工mechanicalcompletion试车trialoperation初次试车initialoperation开车startup注油oilin投料feesin首次出料firstdrop保证试运转guaranteetestrun装置验收plantacceptance移交turnover议定书protocol4估算估算estimate概算budgetaryestimate推算slide幂指数powerterm(费用)分类,分项价格breakdown外汇foreigncurrency当地货币localcurrency可兑换货币convertiblecurrency专利费licensefee专利权税royalty变动专利权税runningroyalty专有技术费know-howfee基础设计费basicengineeringfee代理费agentfee手续费commission不可预见费contingency外汇风险exchangerisk易货补偿compensation直接费用directcost间接费用indirectcost项目管理费projectexpense现场管理费fieldexpense一般管理费overhead利润profit生活费livingexpense出勤津贴dailyallowance(出差)准备费outfitallowance劳务费laborcost基本工资basewage补偿费payrollburden福利费fringebenefit5可行性研究可行性feasibility现场选定siteselection(现场)位置location市场marketing可获利润率profitability生产成本productioncost经营费operationcost可变成本variablecost不变成本fixedcost总投资totalcapitalcost折旧费depreciation现金流量cashflow折现现金流量discountcashflow工况研究casestudy产权资本,自有资金equity建设资本利息interestduringconstruction6业务范围现场勘测sitesurvey工艺设计processdesign基础设计basicengineering基础设计包basicdesignpackage详细设计detailengineering采购procurement海运oceantransportation陆运inlandtransportation安装erectionwork土建工作civilwork施工constructionwork临时工作temporarywork投料试车commissioning培训training(现场)指导supervisoryservice顾问advisorservice初步设计preliminaryproject最终设计finalproject基础设施infrastructure上部结构superstructure软件software硬件hardware7工厂分类与设计处女地工厂grassrootplant总厂integralplant分厂singleplant成套装置packageplant翻版(设计)厂copyplant生产厂commercialplant中试工厂pilotplant实验室规模装置benchscaleunit石化总厂petrochemicalcomplex下游(厂)downstream(工业)放大scale-up扩建expansion改建、更改modification镜象布置mirrorimage设计余量overdesign降负荷运转turndown消除瓶颈Debottlenecking工厂模型plantmodel8设备工艺装置processplant装置区内onsite装置区外offsite界区内insidebatterylimit界区外outsidebatterylimit公用工程设施utilityfacility贮存设施storagefacility辅助设施auxiliaryfacility衔接interconnection主变电所mainsubstation发电设施powergenerationfacility事故发电设备emergencypowergenerationfacility水处理装置watertreatmentfacility冷却塔coolingtower抽水设施waterintakefacility海水淡化装置desalinationfacility蒸汽发生装置steamgenerationfacility仪表空气发生装置instrumentgasgenerationfacility惰性气发生装置inertgasgenerationfacility空分装置airseparationfacility罐区tankyard散装贮藏设备bulkstoragefacility包装机械baggingfacility制袋设备bagmakingfacility装瓶设备bottlingfacility装货设施loadingfacility卸货设施unloadingfacility铁路侧线railwaysiding栈桥jetty行政办公楼administrationbuilding维修车间maintenanceshop中央化验室centrallaboratory内部通用设施intercommunicationfacility广播系统publicaddresssystem询呼设施pagingfacility消防设施firefightingfacility安全器具safetyequipment生活设施colony公用设施town-shop娱乐设施recreationfacility9相关企业承包商contractor主承包商primecontractor分包商subcontractor直接雇佣directhire专利商licenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者licensee专利拥有者patent-owner竞争者competitor国际财团consortium合作者collaborator买方(1)buyer(2)purchaser卖方seller厂商vendor制造商(1)maker(2)manufacture业主owner顾问consultant技术顾问Technicaladviser用户User最终用户Enduser客户(1)customer(2)client代理商agent挂名人dummy2.投标合同2.1投标概况询价inquiry报价估价书quotationestimation投标投标书bidtender投标资料bidument预审pre-qualification意向书letterofintent2.2合同用语协议agreement合同契约contract注销cancellation约定Consideration合同转让Assignmentofcontract不可抗力forcemajeure仲裁attribution基本法governinglaw秘密条款(1)secrecyclause(2)non-disclosureclause预定损坏赔偿费liquidateddamages总赔偿额度totalliability连带(债务)jointandseveral预先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义definition增额escalation罚款penalty支付条款termsofpayment税金taxandduties侵犯专利patentinfringement最高限额ceiling委任书powerofattorney保证金bond2.3合同形式投标合同competitivebidcontract议付合同negotiatedcontractFOB合同fob-typecontract成套承包合同(1)turnkeycontract(交钥匙合同)(2)chefmontagecontract总付合同lumpsumpricecontract单价契约unitpricecontract正价加附加费合同costplusfeecontract预投标协议pre-bidagreement产品抵债productssharing互购交易counter-purchasetransaction3.支付金融财务3.1支付金融支付条款支付条件paymentterms延期付款deferredpayments存留款项保留资金retentionpayment定期付款schedulepayment施工分期付款progressivepayment付款交单D/Pumentsagainstpayment承兑交单调D/Aumentsagainstacceptance信贷信用credit卖方信贷供应商信贷supplier’scredit买方信贷buyer’scredit银行借贷bankloan财政金融finance借款借贷loan偿还reimbursereimbursement保证书letterofguarantee信用证信贷书letterofcredit外汇兑换率exchangerate兑换单汇款单据umentarybillofexchange汇款汇兑基金remittance3.2财务自然增长基数accrualbasis资产负债表决算表balancesheet损益报表P&Lprofitandlossstatement4.采购运输保险4.1进出口手续出口许可证exportlicense出口许可证变更E/LamendCOCOMcoordinatingcommittee标准结算方法standardpayment非标准结算方法non-standardpaymentDBCdrawbackcargo(dbc)出口申报银行exportdeclarationbanke/d进口申报单exportdeclarationcustom进口许可证importlicense保税区域bondedarea关税importduty原产地说明书certificateoforigin发票Invoice4.2运输装箱单packinglist提单billoflading(B/L)指示提单orderB/L直接提单straightB/L装运提单shippedB/L,onboardB/L备运提单receivedB/L不附带条件的提单cleanB/L不洁提单dirtyB/L,foulB/L直运提单directB/L联运提单throughB/L船上收货单mate’sreceipt装货通知单shippingorder(S/O)交货单deliveryorder(D/O)空运货单airwaybill海上运费oceanfreight海上运费同盟freightconference目的地付费freightpayableatdestination码头人工搬运费stevedorage空载运费deadfreight船到港预定时间expectedtimeofarrival(ETA)船离港预定时间expectedtimeofdeparture(ETD)海关快速发货customquickdespatch(CQD)滞船费demurrage码头搬运商stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimensioncargo(ODC)4.3保险海上保险marinecargoinsurance现场指导失误保险supervisor’sriskinsurance4.4贸易条件出厂价(1)exworks(2)exfactory(3)exmill海上交货fob-namedportofshipment含保险海上交货cif-namedportofdestination国境交货条件francofrontier4.5采购采购procurement厂家vendor厂家一览表vendorlist市场价marketprice黑市价darkprice现价up-to-datepricelevel报价quotation偏差表deviationlist到货时间timeofdelivery支付方式(1)termsofpayment(2)paymentcondition(3)paymentterms延缓支付deferredpayment现金支付cashondelivery预先支付downpayment发货前支付advancepayment到货后支付progresspayment计划支付scheduledpayment购买条件termsandconditionsofpurchase折价discount谈判交涉negotiation澄清clarification购买意向intenttopurchase比较表tabulation评语evaluation价格分析valueanalysis定购单purchaseorder变更定购单changeorder支付方式methodofpayment现金cash支票check期票promissorynote催货expediting跟踪系统follow-upsystem4.6包装包装packing防锈包装rust-proofpacking防潮湿包装moisture-proofpacking防水包装water-proofpacking软包装shrinkpacking木箱woodenbox板条箱crate滑橇底座skidbase框架箱framedbox码垛盘pallet侧板sideplate吊具slingfitting花篮螺栓turnbuckle钢带steelstrapping角保护袋edgeprotectorclosureplate防护角cornerprotector板board合板plywood缓冲材料cushioningmaterial通气孔盖ventilationcover超载superimposedload开包unpacking船上标志shippingmark注意标志caremark5.项目执行及费用管理5.1项目执行总图会议kick-offmeeting项目研究会议projectstudymeeting开工会议launchingmeeting项目报告projectreporting审查会议screeningmeeting进展报告progressreport协调过程coordinationprocedure变更指示changeorder认可approval复阅review5.2工程项目完工报告jobclose-outreport项目执行报告jobperformancereport完工汇编close-outbook反馈系统feedbacksystem项目设计条件projectdesigninformation会签inter-departmentcheck工程设计engineeringdesign工艺条件确认engineeringreview工艺条件校核engineeringchecking项目完成指标审核表projectperformancechecksheet施工版approvedforconstruction(afc)设计变更errorreport技术文件technicaldatabook管道材料工艺条件processdataforpipingmaterial载荷条件loadingdata关键路径法criticalpathmethod关键路径进度表criticalpathschedulingPERTprogramevaluationandreviewtechnique5.3费用及工时管理工程预算projectcontrolbudget工时man-hour(M/H)工日man-day(M/D)人月man-month(M/N)考勤表timesheet工作号worknumber项目号jobnumber预期项目号proposalnumber改进工作improvementwork闲滞idle工时报告man-hourreport项目工时汇总jobman-hourperformancereport5.4费用分类费用分类codeofaccount主账majoraccount分账sub-account设备位号itemnumber5.5组织指定assign借调on-loan项目成员projectnumber项目经理projectmanager(PM)项目经理助理assistantprojectmanager(APM)施工经理constructionmanager(CM)开工经理operationmanager(OM)现场指挥fieldmanger项目前期经理proposalmanager估算员estimator原始采购员originator协调员coordinator项目设计协调员projectdesigncoordinator(PDC)6.标准化资料管理法规规格6.1标准化标准化standardization标准规格standard工程规定engineerspecification项目特殊要求specificjobrequirement工程手册engineeringmanual标准图standarddrawing工程用表格engineeringform法规lawandregulation法律law6.2资料管理情报管理informationandumentation信息中心informationcenter调研(追述)retrospectivesearching信息选择服务selectivedisseminationofinformation情报跟踪currentawareness检索效率retrievalefficiency资料uments原文献primarysources文献摘抄secondarysources连载刊物serials定期刊物periodieals(学会)纪要memoirs会报transactions会议论文conferencepaper会议记录proceedings索引期刊indexjournal文摘期刊abstractjournal情报摘要informationabstract提示文稿indicativeabstract图书目录bookcatalog标题目录titlecatalog总目录unioncatalog标准目录standardcatalog关键词keyword省略词stopwordKWIC索引keyword-in-contextindexKWOC索引keyword-out-of-contextindex顺序索引permutedindex相关索引coordinateindex主题分析subjectanalysis统计分类statisticalclassification国际十进分类法universaldecimalclassification阅读卡片visiblecard书卡bookcard档案系统filingsystem微缩复制microcopy微缩系统micro-system穿孔卡夹aperturecard微缩胶片fichefilm6.3法规高压气体取缔法highpressuregascontrollaw消防法fireservicelaw劳动安全卫生法industrysafetyandhealthlaw建筑基本法buildingstandardlaw单位制systemofunits国际单位制internationalsystemofunits系统图、设备布置图、配管图及材料统计7图纸、条件表工艺流程图Processflowdiagram(PFD)管道仪表流程图Processpiping&instrumentflowdiagram(PID)公用工程流程图Utilitybalancediagram(UFD)框图Blockflowdiagram公用工程介质平衡图Utilitybalancediagram(UBD)平面布置图Plotplan立面布置图Generalarrangement总图Generalplotplan规划图Planningdrawing管道研究图Pipingstudydrawing管道布置图（配管图）Pipingarrangementdrawing分区图Keyplan管道走向研究图Pipingroutingstudydrawing地下管道图Undergroundpipingdrawing管道特殊管件图Pipingspecialpartsdrawing管架详图Pipinghangingdrawing预制图Prefabricationdrawing参考图Referencedrawing通用图Typicaldrawing制造厂图Vendor’sdrawing管道轴测图Isometricpipingdrawing竣工图As-builtdrawing模型Model管线表Lineschedule计算书Calculationsheet图纸目录Drawingschedule发图阶段Issuestage版次Revisionnumber编号体系Numberingsystem比例Scale工厂北向Plantnorth海平面标高Over-seameanlevel(OSL)标高Elevation(EL)已有钢结构Existingstructure装货区Loadingarea公用工程站Utilitystation柱号Columnnumber净空headroom通道Accessway小通道Catway钢结构顶部标高Topofstructureelevation管底标高Bottomofpipingelevation主管口径Runsize顶平偏心异径管Eccentricreducertopflat中心到面的距离Centertoface工作点标高Workingpointelevation管架标注Hangingmarking冷拉Coldspring管线记号Linesymbol管线接口Lineconnection物流号StreamNO.管线号LineNO.管道等级号(1)classdesignation(2)specdesignation阀门号ValveNO.等级分界Specificationbreak重要管道Criticalpiping总管Headerpipe仪表管道Instrumentpiping排放管道Blowdownpiping火炬气管道Flarepiping输送管线Transferline入口管线Suctionline排水管Effluentline旁通管Bypassline吹扫系统Purgesystem放空接口Ventconnection软管接口Hoseconnection双切断阀及排放阀Doubleblockandbleeder污水沟Sewerditch冷凝液池Condensatepit积水坑Sumpbox漏斗Dripfunnel管段Spoolpiece垫环Spacering限流孔板Restrictionorifice流量喷嘴Flownozzle液体混合用三通Mixingtee喷头Spraynozzle粗滤器Strainer临时粗滤器Temporarystrainer疏水阀Steamtrap爆破膜Rupturedisk蒸汽伴热管道Steam-tracedpiping夹套管道Jacketedpiping地下管道Undergroundpiping管道要素钢管Steelpipe螺纹端管Threadedpipe法兰端管Flangedpipe锻制的Swage光滑弯管SmoothbendU型弯管U-bend弯管Bendingpipe波纹管膨胀节Expansionbellows柔性管Flexiblepipe管件接头Pipefittingjoint机械连接Mechanicaljoint活套连接Lappedjoint环行垫连接Ringtypejoint扩口接头Flaretypejoint非扩口接头Flarelesstypejoint承插连接BellandspigotVictaulic接头Victaulicjoint弯头Elbow异径管Reducer管接头Coupling活接头Union短管Nipple法兰Flange配对法兰Companionflange法兰盖Blindflange异径法兰Reducingflange八字盲板(1)spectacleblind(2)reversibleblind平板式法兰Plateflange带颈法兰Hubbedflange对焊法兰Weldingflange松套法兰Looseflange管端突缘Stubend法兰面Flangeface垫片沟槽Gasketgroove满平面Fullface突面Raisedface大准槽面Largetongueandgrooveface双凹凸面Doublemale&femaleface大凹凸面Largemale&femaleface金属垫片Metallicgasket非金属垫片Non-metallicgasketO型环Semi-metallicgasket透视垫O-ring对焊Lensring承插焊接Buttweld滑套焊接Socketweld焊接支管台Slip-onweld插入环Insertring管帽Cap材料表Billofmaterial材料统计Take-off管段表Linebillofmaterial估算汇总表Estimationsummarysheet备品备件表Sparepartslist报价单Quotationsheet订货表Purchaseorderschedule材料汇总表Billofmaterialsummary状态报告Statusreport分布报告Distributionreport价格、重量一览表Cost&weightsummary价格、重量汇总表Cost&weighttotal定货管理表Ordercontrol管道材料管理表Pipingmaterialcontrolsheet元件代码Itemcode标记号Tagnumber标准形态Standardshape轴测图Isometricdrawing管线号Linereference批号Batchreference管子下料表Pipingcuttinglist制作件表Fabricationpartslist组装件表Erectionpartlist固定架Anchor滑动架Restingsupport导向架Guide限位架Directionalstop减振架Dampener支架Support管托Shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座Saddle耳轴Trunnion吊架Hanger刚性吊架Rigidhanger弹簧吊架Springhanger恒力吊架Constanthanger阀门Valve截止阀Globevalve闸阀Gatevalve针行阀Needlevalve球阀Ballvalve止回阀Checkvalve隔膜阀Diaphragmvalve三通阀Three-wayvalve角阀Anglevalve蝶阀Butterflyvalve旋塞阀Cock伸长杆操作Extensionstem-operation链操作Chain-operated齿轮操作Gear-operated扳手操作Wrench-operated电动操作Motor-operated阀芯Trim阀盖Bonnet焊接支管Weldbranch偏置Offset焊缝根部间隙Weldrootgap现场调整后再下料和焊接Cutandweldafteradjusting坡度Slope工作点Workingpoint管架说明Notesforpipinghanging部门间校核版Interdepartmentalcheckprint平端Plainend坡口端Beveled管道联接图Pipinghook-updrawing管道图说明Notesforpipingdrawing标题栏Titleblock询价单Pipingrequisitionsheet8配管及一般设备设计8.1保温、保冷绝热Insulation设备绝热表Equipmentinsulationschedule绝热符号Insulationcode保温设计Designofcoldinsulation正常操作所用的保温Insulationforstableoperating人身防护Personnelprotection防火层Fire-proofing防结露Anti-sweat防冻Winterizing防音Soundprotection保温材料Hotinsulationmaterial保冷材料Coldinsulationmaterial石棉asbestos硅藻土Diatomaceousearth岩棉Rockwool玻璃棉Glasswool碳酸镁Magnesiumcarbonate硅酸铝Calciumsilicate珍珠岩Perlite软木板Corkboards毛毡Hairfelt泡沫聚氨酯Foampolystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯Rigidfoamurethane硬泡沫橡胶Rigidfoamrubber玛碲脂Mastic耐磨损材料Anti-abrasioncoatingmaterial管壳Laggingcloth铁丝网Hexagonalwirenetting填缝材料Caulkingmaterial保护层(1)jacketingsheet(2)coversheet波纹铝板Corrugatedaluminumsheet有色镀锌钢板Precoatedgalvanizedsheet搭板ButtstrapZ型接头Z-joint防腐、涂漆色标Colour-code孟塞尔色系Munsellnotation管道识别色Identificationofpipingsystem防腐层Externalcoating油漆Paint清漆Varnish防腐漆(1)anti-corrosivepaint(2)rush-proofpaint含铝漆Aluminumpaint底漆Primer耐酸漆Acid-proofpaint耐碱漆Alkali-proofpaint耐热漆Heat-resistingpaint测温漆Thermo-paint绝缘漆Insulatingvarnish表面处理Surfacepreparation涂漆painting阴极保护Cathodicprotection振动解析机械振动Mechanicalvibration自由振动Freevibration强制振动Forcedvibration自励振动Self-excitedvibration固有频率Naturalfrequency固有周期Naturalperiod波谷Loop波峰Node正弦振动Sinusoidaloscillation非线性振动Non-linearoscillation阻尼振动Dampedvibration临界阻尼Criticaldamping衰减系数(1)attenuation(2)decaycoefficient(3)decayfactor共振Resonance扭曲振动Torsionalvibration挠性振动Flexuralvibration极限速度Criticalspeed固有值Characteristicvalue临界条件Boundarycondition弹簧系数Springconstant惯性矩Momentofinertia回转半径Radiusofgyration振动吸收装置Dynamicvibrationabsorber液压减振器Hydraulicdamper弹簧减振器(1)springdampener(2)springdamper油压锁定Oillock耐振设计固有振动方式Naturalfrequencymode卓越周期Predominantperiod基本周期Firstnaturalfrequency横波Transversewave纵波Longitudinalwave相对位移Relativedisplacement质量比Massratio静解析法Staticmethod修正静解析法Correctedstaticmethod动解析法Modalanalysis时历响应解析法Timehistoryresponseanalysis设计响应光谱Designresponsespectrum加速响应光谱Accelerationresponsespectrum地板响应光谱Floorresponsespectrum标准响应光谱Standardresponsespectrum加速响应增幅比Accelerationresponseamplituderatio刚性结构Rigidstructure柔性结构Flexiblestructure长周期结构Long-periodstructure刚性框架Rahmenrigidframe地震波Earthquakeaccelerogram位移量记录Displacementrecord设计地震Designearthquake设计震度Designseismiccoefficient地震Earthquake震源距离Distancetocentrum震中距离Distancetoepicenter震级Magnitude地震波显示仪Seismoscope地震仪Seismograph耐震等级Seismicclass基岩Baserock应力分析外力Externalforce内力Internalforce反作用力Reactionforce力偶Coupleofforce弯矩Bendingmoment扭矩Twistmoment应力Stress弯曲应力Bendingstress扭曲应力Torsionalstress圆周应力Hoopstress峰值应力Peakstress一次应力Primarystress二次应力Secondarystress轴向应力Axialstress重复应力Repeatedstress脉动应力Pulsatingstress交变应力Alternatingstress应变Strain应变能Strainenergy主应力Principalstress主应力理论Principalstresstheory最大剪切应力理论Maximumshearingstresstheory残余应力Residualstress热应力Thermalstress热破坏Thermalshock疲劳Fatigue疲劳曲线S-Ndiagram疲劳极限(1)fatiguelimit(2)endurancelimit腐蚀疲劳Corrosionfatigue蠕变Creep蠕变疲劳Creepfatigue尺寸效应Sizeeffect应力集中系数Coefficientofstressconcentration形状系数Shapecoefficient缺口系数Notchfactor应力强度系数Stressintensityfactor几何惯性矩Geometricalmomentofinertia断面系数Modulusofsection断面极惯性矩Polarmomentofinertiaofarea杨氏模量Young’smodulus横向弹性系数Modulusoftransverseelasticity体积弹性系数Modulusofvolumetricelasticity泊松比Poissor’sratio弹性极限Elasticlimit屈服点Yieldpoint拉伸强度Tensilestrength伸长Elongation永久变形Permanentset弹性Flexibility弹性分析Elasticanalysis弹性屈服Elasticbuckling塑性Plasticity塑变滞后Plasticityhysteresis极限分析Limitanalysis弹塑性分析Elastic-plasticanalysis疲劳分析Fatigueanalysis有限元法Finiteelementmethod静荷载Deadload流体流动水锤Waterhammer急关Rapidclosure缓关Slowclosure冲击波Shockclosure液压振动Acousticvibrationofliquidflow脉动Pulsationflow两相流Two-phaseflow气压振动Acousticvibration卡门涡街Karmaneddies颤动Fluttering气蚀cavitation噪音噪音(1)noise(2)undesiredsound听力范围Auditorysensationarea掩蔽Masking背景噪音Backgroundnoise声强Soundintensity声压Soundpressure声压值Soundpressurelevel噪声值(1)noiselevel(2)soundlevel噪声计Soundlevelmeter听觉校正回路Weightingnetwork音平Soundnesslevel音能Soundpower音能值Soundpowerlevel总体值Overalllevel90%范围90%range中间值MedianNR数Noiseratingnumber频率分析器Frequencyanalyzer倍频器Octaveband1/3的倍频带1/3octaveband波段值Bandlevel音场Soundfield方向性Directivity方向系数Directivityfactor衍射Diffraction声源Soundsource房间常数Roomconstant吸音率Soundabsorptioncoefficient穿透率Transmissioncoefficient穿透损失Transmissionloss质量原理Masslaw设计条件操作压力Operatingpressure最高操作压力Maximumoperatingpressure操作温度Operatingtemperature最高操作温度Maximumoperatingtemperature温度基准Basetemperature腐蚀裕度Corrosionallowance许容应力Allowablestress安全系数Safetyfactor地理条件Geologicalconditions9.塔、槽、换热器、加热炉9.1图面用语设备表vesselschedule工程图engineeringdrawing管口表(1)nozzlechart(2)nozzleschedule管口方位nozzleorientation予焊件图clipschedule切线tangentline(TL)焊缝线weldline(WL)参照线workingline(WL)基准线baseline9.2容器容器vessel塔tower自支承塔self-supportedtower板式塔traytower填料塔packedtower喷淋塔spraytower槽、罐drum贮罐tank球罐(1)sphericaltank(2)balltank浮顶罐floatingrooftank锥顶罐conerooftank拱顶罐domerooftank双壁罐doublewalltank湿式气柜wetgasholder干式气柜drygasholder料仓(1)silo(2)bin料斗hopper9.3内件内件internals塔盘tray泡罩塔盘bubblecaptray筛板塔盘perforatedtray浮阀塔盘valvetray单流向式塔盘uni-fluxtray波纹塔盘rippletray塔盘板deck溢流堰weir降液管downcomer密封槽sealpot取液槽draw-offpot密封盘sealpan塔盘支承环traysupportring鲍尔环Pallring泪孔weephole填料packing拉希环Raschingring矩鞍形填料intaloxsaddle分布器distributor除沫器demister进料挡板feeddeflecter防涡流挡板vortexbreaker内筒cartridge9.4主要附属品壳体shell变颈段reducingsection封头head椭圆形封头ellipsoidalhead碟形封头(1)dishedhead(2)torisphericalhead半球形封头hemisphericalhead椎形封头conicalhead平封头flathead加强圈reinforcingring夹套jacket人孔manhole手孔handhole检查孔inspectionhole接管nozzle凸缘padnozzle锻制接管forgednozzle补强板reinforcingpad信号孔tell-talehole容器支座vesselsupport裙座skirt支腿leg支耳supportlug底座baseblock基础环basering筋板gussetplate压环compressionring鞍座saddle模板template通道acessopening套管pipesleeve连结板lug予焊件clip接地板earthlug吊耳liftinglug平台platform梯子ladder保温支承insulationsupport吊柱davit人孔绞链manholehinge放空口ventnozzle呼吸阀breathervalve计量口gaugehatch9.5换热器换热器heatexchanger换热面积heattransferarea总传热系数overallheattransfercoefficient境膜传热系数filmcoefficient对数平均温差logarithmicmeantemperaturedifference(LMTD)平均温差meantemperaturedifference(MTD)污垢系数foulingfactor布管图tubearrangement三角形排列triangulararrangement转角三角形排列rotatedtriangulararrangement正方形排列squarearrangement转角正方形排列rotatedsquarearrangement最大布管图outsidetubelimit管壳式换热器sheetandtubeheatexchanger固定管板式换热器fixedtubesheetheatexchanger浮头式换热器floatingheadtypeheatexchangerU形管式换热器U-tubetypeheatexchanger釜式换热器kettletypeheatexchanger套管式换热器doubletubetypeheatexchanger冲洗式冷却器irrigationcooler蛇管式换热器coiltypeheatexchanger插管式换热器bayonettypeheatexchanger板式换热器platetypeheatexchanger螺旋板式换热器spiralheatexchanger夹套式换热器jackettypeheatexchanger石墨换热器graphiteheatexchanger空冷式换热器air-cooledheatexchanger换热管tube折流板baffleplate管箱channel分程隔板passpartitionplate浮头floatinghead防冲挡板impingementbaffle管束tubebundle管板tubesheet管子与管板的连接tube-to-tubesheetjoint管接头ferrule9.6加热炉加热炉direct-firedheater热负荷(1)heatduty(2)heatrelease热损失heatloss加热炉效率efficiencyofheater热流率heatflux管壁温度tubeskintemperature体积热负荷volumetricheatrelease辐射段radiantsection对流段convectionsection屏蔽段shieldsection坝墙bridgewall暴露墙exposedwall屏蔽墙shieldedwall管支承tubesupport炉管(1)heatertube(2)furnacetube扩大表面管extendedsurfacetube联箱(1)header(2)headerbox回弯头returnbend管群间连接管crossover通风draft烟道flue（烟道）挡板damper烟囱stack烧嘴burner过量空气excessair风箱windbox观察孔(1)observationdoor(2)peepdoor检修孔accessdoor防爆门explosiondoor吹灰器sootblower油漆清车导轨paintertrolley陶瓷纤维ceramicfiber耐火砖firebrick保温耐火砖insulationfirebrick保温板insulationboard可铸耐火材料castable衬里支撑linkinganchor炉壁横梁lintel膨胀节expansionjoint10.转动机械10.1转动机械轴shaft轴承bearing轴承箱bearinghousing联轴节shaftcoupling滑轮pulleyV形皮带（三角皮带）V-belt转动设备turningequipment润滑lubrication润滑油(1)lubricatingoil(2)lubeoil密封seal轴封shaftseal填料函packing填料箱stuffingbox油膜密封oilfilmseal油封sealoil机械密封mechanicalseal齿轮gear曲轴crankshaft连杆connectingrod十字头crosshead气缸cylinder缸套cylinderliner气缸阀cylindervalue活塞piston金属填料metallicpacking予埋板soleplate基座baseplate柱塞plunger箱体（壳体）casing转子rotor平衡活塞balancepiston迷宫密封labyrinth叶轮impeller轴套sleeve耐磨环wearingring灯笼环(1)laternring(2)sealcage10.2转动机械性能轴动力(1)shaftpower(2)brakehorsepower额定制动马力ratedbrakehorsepower齿轮传动损失gearloss机械效率mechanicalefficiency机械损失mechanicalloss额定转数ratedspeed最大连续转数maximumcontinuousspeed旋转油膜oilwhirl临界速度criticalspeed顺时针clockwise转矩torque起动转矩startingtorque性能performance特性characteristics压头head液压功率hydraulichorsepower活塞位移pistondisplacement体积效率volumetricefficiency显示图indicatordiagram压力脉冲率pressurepulsationratio10.3泵泵pump泵效率pumpefficiency气蚀cavitation气蚀系数cavitationcoefficient净正吸入压头netpositivesuctionhead离心泵centrifugalpump混流泵（斜流泵）mixed-flowpump轴流泵axialpump容量泵displacementtypepump往复泵（活塞泵）reciprocatingpump旋转泵rotarypump再生泵regenerativepump底阀footvalve10.4压缩机，风机等压缩机compressor压缩机效率compressorefficiency往复式压缩机reciprocatingcompressor间隙容积clearancevolumn隙囊clearancepocket减压器unloader离心式压缩机centrifugalcompressor轴面压缩机axialcompressor涡轮压缩机turbocompressor鼓风机blower风机fan涡轮式鼓风机turboblower涡轮风机turbofan多叶片风机multi-bladefan旋桨式风机propellerfan罗茨鼓风机(1)rootsblower(2)two-lobeblower螺杆式压缩机screwcompressor湍振surging中间冷却器intercooler后冷却器（二次冷却器）aftercooler缓冲器snubber10.5透平透平turbine冲动式透平impulseturbine反作用式透平reactionturbine凝汽式透平condensingturbine抽气式透平extractionturbine背压式透平backpressureturbine透平效率turbineefficiency调速器governor速度范围speedrange速度调节阀speedgoverningvalve应急调速器emergencygovernor跳闸速度（应急速度限）tripspeed应急阀tripvalve操纵阀sentinelvalve10.6冷冻机冷冻机refrigerator制冷剂refrigerant1管道组成件Pipingcomponent1.1管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的)pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管)tube钢管steelpipe铸铁管castironpipe衬里管linedpipe复合管cladpipe碳钢管carbonsteelpipe合金钢管alloysteelpipe不锈钢stainlesssteelpipe奥氏体不锈钢管austeniticstainlesssteelpipe铁合金钢管ferriticalloysteelpipe轧制钢管wrought-steelpipe锻铁管wrought-ironpipe无缝钢管seamless(SMLS)steelpipe焊接钢管weldedsteelpipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistanceweldedsteelpipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-weldedsteel-platepipe螺旋焊接钢管spiralweldedsteelpipe镀锌钢管galvanizedsteelpipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rollingseamlesspipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawingseamlesspipe水煤气钢管water-gassteelpipe塑料管plasticpipe玻璃管glasstube橡胶管rubbertube直管runpipe;straightpipe1.2管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducingelbow带支座弯头baseelbowk半径弯头longradiuselbow短半径弯头shortradiuselbow长半径180°弯头longradiusreturn短半径180°弯头shortradiusreturn带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）sideoutletelbow(righthandorlefthand)双支管弯头（形）doublebranchelbow三通tee异径三通reducingtee等径三通straighttee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）sideoutlettee(righthandor1efthand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducingtee(reducingonoutlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducingtee(reducingononerun)带支座三通basetee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducingtee(reducingononerunandoutlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducingtee(reducingonbothruns,bullhead)45°斜三通45°lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45°lateral(reducingonbranch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径)45°lateral(reducingononerun)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径)45°lateral(reducingononerunandbranch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true“Y”四通cross等径四通straightcross异径四通reducingcross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducingcross(reducingononeoutlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducingcross(reducingononerunandoutlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducingcross(reducingonbothoutlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducingcross(reducingononerunandbothoutlet)异径管reducer同心异径管concentricreducer偏心异径管eccentricreducer锻制异径管reducingswage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管