Unit1知识点讲解（原卷版）

Unit1单词词组短语知识点讲解1．了解本单元的单词和词组等重要语言点。2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。1.crucial[ˈkruːʃl]adj.

至关重要的;关键性的教材P2》Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦（共同获奖者）,她的研究发现了青蒿素，这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。归纳拓展becrucialto对……至关重要playacrucialrole/partinsth.在……（方面）起关键作用beofcrucialimportance非常重要acrucialperiod关键时期根据汉语意思完成句子(1)你的意见对这个计划至关重要。Youropinion_________________________theplan.(2)在孩子们适龄时为他们提供应有的教育至关重要。__________________________toprovidethechildrenwithefficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.(3)Thesupportofourfans_________________ourwinningtheSuperCup.球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。2.vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria...青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分……归纳拓展bevitalto/forsb./sth.…对……是极为重要的bevitaltodosth.做某事是极为重要的Itisvitalthat…(should)do…做……是极为重要的/生死攸关的“虚拟语气”知多少Itisvitalthat...句式中,that从句需用虚拟语气,即should+do,should可以省略。类似的句式还有:Itis/wasnecessary/natural/important/strange/essentialthat...[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Considerationforotherpeopleisvitalallofus.②It'svitalthatwe(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.③旅游业对西班牙经济至关重要。TourismtotheSpanishmitvt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China，on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。经典例句Unfortunately,althoughVanGoghcommittedhiswholebeingtopainting,hereceivedlittlerewardforhiseffort.遗憾的是,尽管梵高全身心地投入绘画,但他努力所得到的回报却微乎其微。Alotofthecrimeiscommittedbyaddictswhoneedmoneyfordrugs.许多犯罪都是由需要钱买毒品的瘾君子导致的。Youdon’thavetocommityourselftohelp/helpingmeatthisstage.在这个阶段你不必向我承诺帮助我。Youshouldcommitthemessagetomemory.你应当把这条消息记住。[知识拓展](1)commit...to 把……送交/托付给……； 对……作出承诺，承担义务， 担负责任；使(自己)致力于……commitoneselftodo/todoing... 承诺；保证做……commitacrime 犯罪(2)committedadj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commitmentn. 承诺；委托；承担义务[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子(1)AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthe___________________(commit)Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.(2)Helovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedto_____________________(practice)it.(3)Headmitsthatrecentlyhehasbecomeaddictedto__________________(play)onlinegames.(4)Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimeto______________________(help)othersrebuildhomes.4.objective目标，目的adj.客观的教材P2》In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。【典型例句】(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.大多数演讲的主题是对观众们有益的。Mymotherobjectedtomytakingpartintheclub.我妈妈反对我参加这个俱乐部。Idohaveanobjectiontocarryingouttheplandiscussedatthemeetingatonce.我的确反对立即实施会上讨论的这个计划。Mostpeopleatthemeetingraisedanobjectiontothenewlaw.(话题典句)会上大部分人对新法律提出了异议。用法详解subjectiveadj.主观的objectivelyadv.客观地object物体，物品；目标，目的，宗旨;宾语vi.反对，不赞成objection反对，不赞成objecttodoingsth反对某事“动词+介词to”短语知多少stickto坚持leadto 导致;造成getusedto 习惯于be/becomeaddictedto 沉溺于be/becomeaccustomedto 习惯于getdownto 开始认真做某事(1)Wesimplywanttoinformpeople_________________(objective)oftheevents.(2)Themethodofanalysismustbeobjective___________________evaluatingaccidentrate.(1)我们的主要目标是让这个孩子安然无恙地恢复健康。______________________wastherecoveryofthechildsafeandwell.(2)我认为一名记者应该完全客观。Ibelievethatajournalist_____________________.5.evaluatevt.评价；评估Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的团队查看了2000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。【典型例句】Ican'tevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.没看到他的工作情况，我无法评估他的能力。Weneedtoevaluatehowwellthemethodisworking.我们需要评估这一方法产生的效果。[知识拓展] 根据……评价某人(2)evaluationn. 估计；评价makeanevaluationof 对……进行评估[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Wemustevaluateherabilityherwork.②Wemust(evaluate)theconsequencescausedbythefire.＝Wemustmakean(evaluate)oftheconsequencescausedbythefire.③这项证据应当仔细地评定。Theevidenceshould．6.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行【典型例句】Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.(教材典句)他们然后尝试煮新鲜的青蒿,用从中取得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也没有效果。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.因为这意味着我们有机会获得关于月球如何构造的信息。Thesenationalparksobtainedfinancialsupportfromtouristcompanies.这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财力支持。ButLaurent’sfather,AlexanderSimons,repeatedhiswishthathissonshouldobtainhisbachelordegreeattheageof9.(时事典句)但劳伦特的父亲亚历山大·西蒙斯反复重申他的意愿,希望儿子在9岁时拿到学士学位。Ihaven’tbeenabletoobtainthatbook.我还没能得到那本书。[知识拓展]obtainknowledge/one'sdegree 获得知识/学位obtainsb.sth.＝obtainsth.forsb. 给某人带来某物obtainsth.bydoingsth. 通过做某事获得某物obtainable(正式）adj.可获得的，能得到的obtainsth.fromsb./sth. 从某人/物获得某物[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Thelongerthissituation______________(obtain),themoreextensivetheproblemsbecome.(2)_________________(obtain)herdegree,sheanswered81questionsonover10papers.(3)I'mafraidthattherecordyouaskedforisnolonger________________(obtain).7.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失败。【典型例句】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)HeryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeenacknowledgedafteracustomernominatedhertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.有一位顾客提名她为“柴郡年度女性”之后,她多年的努力工作终于得到了认可。Heacknowledgeddonating/havingdonatedagreatdealofmoneytothefloodedarea.他承认给洪灾地区捐了很多钱。Weallacknowledgehimas/tobethebestleader.我们都承认他是最好的领导。Sheacknowledgedthatshehadmadeamistake.她承认犯了错误。【知识拓展】acknowledge...tobe/as...承认......是/为......beacknowledgedtobe/as...被认为是......Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat...普遍认为……acknowledgementn.承认；致谢，鸣谢[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①Sheisacknowledged(be)oneofthebestsingersintheworld.②Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge(steal)thelady'spurse.③Iwassentafreecopyin(acknowledge)ofmycontribution.④Peoplewidelyacknowledgethatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.→studentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。Withnosolidevidence,herefusedto_________________________thelady'spurse.(2)普京被广泛地认为是全世界一位杰出的政治人物。Putin___________________________anoutstandingpoliticalfigureallovertheworld.8.concludevt.推断出；得出结论；使结束vi.结束；终止【典型例句】Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(教材典句)她推断出煮青蒿很明显破坏了它的医疗特性。Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。Sheconcludedajudgementfromtheexperiment.她从实验中得出一个判断。Heconcludedhisclasswithafunnystory.他以一个有趣的故事结束了他的课。TheyconcludedthebirthdaypartybysingingthesongHappyBirthdayToYou.他们以唱《祝你生日快乐》这首歌结束了生日聚会。[知识拓展]concludefrom...从……中推断出conclusionn.结论；推论draw/reach/cometo/leadtoaconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后；总之conclusiveadj.结论性的，有说服力的[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinal(conclude).②conclusion,IwouldliketosaythefilmBorninChinaisworthseeing.③Sheconcludedherperformanceapoem.④Whatcanweconcludetheconversation?9.insiston坚决要求(教材P3)TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在他们自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。【典型例句】Sincetheyinsistongoing,we’llsimplypushtheboatwiththecurrentandletthemgowithus.既然他们坚持要去,干脆我们就顺水推舟,让他们一同去。(2019·天津高考)Youshouldrespecttheviewsofothers,andatthesametimeinsistonwhatyouthinkisright.你应该尊重别人的观点,同时坚持你认为正确的。Thoughallhisfriendsblamedhim,heinsistedthathehaddonenothingwrong.尽管他所有的朋友都责备他,但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。MymotherinsistedthatI(should)cleanmyroomfirst.妈妈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。归纳拓展insiston/uponsth.坚持某事insiston/upondoingsth.坚持要求（某人）做某事insist后接that从句时，有两种情况：表示“坚持主张，坚决要求”时，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Themanagerinsistedonthework(do)intwohours.②Heinsistedwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.③Heinsistedthattheproblem(discuss)atthemeeting.④她坚持立刻就走。Sheatonce.10.circumstanceThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.我们没有办法帮助琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。用法详解circumstancen.[常用复数]条件；环境；状况IknowIcantrustherinanycircumstance.我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。Underthecircumstances,itseemedbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。Undernocircumstancesmustasoldierleavehispost.一个战士在任何情况下都不应该离开岗位。归纳拓展in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然如此in/undernocircumstances无论如何都不；绝不（位于句首时，谓语动词要部分倒装）financial/social/personalcircumstances经济/社会/个人状况1．Kate,___