江西省上饶市石镇中学2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试题含解析

江西省上饶市石镇中学2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Thereportsaidabuswentoutof____controlinthehighway_____southofthecityandrushedintotheriver.A．the;the

B．/;the

C．the;/

D．/;/参考答案：D2.---HowareyougettingalongwithJimnow?---Well,OKnow.Buthe_______untilIapologized.A.didn’tforgive

B.hasn’tforgivenC.hadn’tforgiven

D.won’tforgive参考答案：A【详解】考查时态。句意：—你现在和Jim相处得怎么样？—现在很好了，但是直到我道歉他才原谅我。根据句意可知现在两人的关系很好，道歉和原谅都是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。故A项正确。3.Healthcomesfirst.Weshould______everydayto_____.A.takeexercise,keepfit

B.takeexercises,keepfitC.takeexercise,keephealth

D.takeexercises,keephealthy参考答案：A4.Mary________hersisterinappearancebutnotincharacter.

A.resembles

B.

looks

C.seems

D.

appears

参考答案：A5.Whenweclimbeduptothetopofthemountain,wewereall___________.A.outofthebreath

B.shortofthebreath

C.outofbreath

D.shortofbreaths参考答案：C6.HowIwishI________torepairtheTV!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtried

B.hadn’ttried

C.havetried

D.didn’ttry参考答案：B略7.参考答案：B略8.

I’dratheryou______heretomorrow,becauseII’mtoobusytochatwithyoutoday.

A.tocome

B.willcome

C.come

D.came参考答案：D9.Itwasinamountainvillage,theprofessorsaid,_____twoofhisassistantswereworkingasvolunteers.A.where

B.which

C.whose

D.that

参考答案：D10.ThatwasaverybusystreetthatIwasneverallowedtocross________accompaniedbyanadult.A.when

B.unless

C.if

D.while参考答案：B略11.Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,

mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.tomake

B.making

C.havingmade

D.made参考答案：A12.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A．burning

B．burnt

C．beingburnt

D．tobeburnt参考答案：A13.Only______ahumanbeing.A.whenisithungryalionwillattack

B.whenitishungryalionwillattack

C.whenitishungrywillalionattack

D.whenisithungrywillalionattack参考答案：C14.Itisimperativethatyourpresentationonhowtopreventpollution______steadyeconomicgrowth______intimeforthelecture.

A.tokeep;befinished

B.keeping;isfinished

C.tokeep;finish

D.keeping;finish参考答案：A15.Theyarenowingreatneedofhelp,soyoursupportwillcertainlymakea(n)_____. A.attempt B.difference C.effort D.remark参考答案：B16.Inordertosucceed,itisveryimportantthatyou______beoptimisticandlearnfromfailures.A.would

B.should

C.haveto

D.might参考答案：B考查虚拟语气。因在“Itisimportant/necessary/strange…that主语+shoulddo…”这个that引导的主语从句中，如果前面的形容词是important/necessary/proper/strange/natural/urgent/essential/vital等词时，从句常用“should+动词原形”的形式（美国英语常省略should,只用动词原形。）是虚拟语气的用法。本句的意思是“为了成功，你们应该乐观并从失败中学习是很重要的。”故选B。二、完型填空17.YuanLongping,agreatChineseagriculturalist,wasborninapoorfarmer’sfamilyinQianyang,HunanProvincein1930.He___1___fromSouthwestAgricultureCollegein1953andhassincedevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.Sincehisgraduation,___2___waystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedfor___3___thericeoutput.Atthattime,hungerwasa___4___probleminmanypartsofthecountryside.YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.___5___hishelp,Chinesefarmersnowproducemorericeandtheseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld’speople___6___fromjust7%ofthefarmlandintheworld.YuanLongping,___7___considershimselfafarmer,isnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinsomelessdevelopedcountriestoincrease___8___riceharvests.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.___9___hishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.DrYuan___10___5-million-yuanStateSupremeScienceandTechnologyPrizeforhishighhybridricespecies.Thisawardisviewedas“ChineseNobelPrize”.Aboutrice,healwayshasadream…1.A.willgraduate B.graduated C.graduates2.A.founded B.found C.finding3.A.toincrease B.increasing C.increased4.A.disturbing B.disturbed C.todisturb5.A.In B.Of C.With6.A.feed B.arefed C.fed7.A.that B.which C.who8.A.their B.they C.them9.A.Touse B.Using C.Used10.A.isawarded B.wasawarded C.willaward参考答案：1.B

2.C

3.B

4.A

5.C

6.B

7.C

8.A

9.B

10.B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国伟大的农学家袁隆平的生活经历和重大贡献，在他的帮助下，中国农民现在能生产更多的大米，收成是以前的两倍。【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：1953年毕业于西南农学院，从事农业教育研究工作。此处事情发生在1953年故用一般过去时，故选B。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：自从他毕业以来，找到种植更多水稻的方法一直是他的人生目标。本句为动名词短语做主语，故选C。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻时，他看到了水稻增产的巨大需求。for为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故选B。【4题详解】考查形容词。句意：当时，饥饿是农村许多地区的一个令人不安的问题。problem为名词“问题”需要-ing结尾形容词修饰，表示“令人不安的”，故选A。【5题详解】考查固定短语。句意：在他的帮助下，中国农民现在生产更多的大米，这些增加的收成意味着世界上22%的人能从世界上7%的农田中获得食物。固定短语withone’shelp“在某人的帮助下”，故选C。【6题详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在他的帮助下，中国农民现在生产更多的大米，这些增加的收成意味着世界上22%的人能从世界上7%的农田中获得食物。本句中主语people与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为22%oftheworld’speople，谓语动词与of后的名词people保持一致，用复数。故选B。【7题详解】考查连词。句意：袁隆平自认为是农民，现在正在一些欠发达国家传播他的知识，以提高他们的水稻产量。本句为定语从句修饰先行词YuanLongping，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who。故选C。【8题详解】考查代词。句意：袁隆平自认为是农民，现在正在一些欠发达国家传播他的知识，以提高他们的水稻产量。修饰名词短语riceharvest应用形容词，故用形容词性物主代词their。故选A。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：用他的杂交水稻，农民的收成是以前的两倍。本句中use做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语farmers构成主动关系，故用现在分词using。故选B。【10题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：袁博士因其高杂交水稻品种获得了500万元的国家最高科技奖。本句中主语DrYuan与谓语动词构成被动关系，且事情发生在过去用一般过去时，主语为DrYuan，谓语动词用单数。故选B。【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。如第九小题，句意：用他的杂交水稻，农民的收成是以前的两倍。本句中use做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语farmers构成主动关系，故用现在分词using。故选B。三、阅读理解18.Peoplehavesmokedcigarettesforalongtimenow.ThetobaccowhichisusedtomakecigaretteswasfirstgrowninwhatisnowpartoftheUnitedStates.ChristopherColumbus,whodiscoveredAmerica,sawtheIndianssmoking.SoonthedriedleavesweretransportedtoEurope.Inthelate1800s,theTurksmadecigarettespopular.Cigarettesmokecontainsatleasttwoharmfulsubstances,tarandnicotine.Tar,whichformsasthetobaccoburns,damagesthelungsandthereforeaffectsbreathing.Nicotine,whichisfoundintheleaves,causesthehearttobeatfasterandincreasesthebreathingrate.Nicotineinlargecankillapersonbystoppingaperson’sbreathingmuscles.Smokersusuallytakeinsmallamountsthatthebodycanquicklybreakdown.Nicotinecanmakenewsmokersfeeldizzy(头晕)orsicktotheirstomachs.Theheartrateforyoungsmokersincreases2to3beatsperminute.Nicotinealsolowersskintemperatureandreducesbloodflowinthelegsandfeet.Itplaysanimportantroleinincreasingsmokers’riskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Smokingcigarettesisdangerous.Cigarettesmokingwasthecauseoflungcancerandseveralotherdeadlydiseases.68.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Totellusthebadeffectscausedbysmokingcigarettes.B.Tointroducethehistoryofsmoking.C.Toletusknowwhatthecigarettesaremadefrom.D.TotellthereadersthatColumbusfoundtheIndianssmoking.69._______doesn’tmakeone’sheartbeatasusual.A.Tar

B.Nicotine

C.Lungdisease

D.Leaves70.ThefollowingeffectsarecausedbyNicotineEXCEPTthat________.A.ItcanmakenewsmokersfeeldizzyorsicktotheirstomachsB.ItlowersskintemperatureC.ItcausesthehearttobeatlessfastD.Nicotinewillprobablykillapersonifasmokertakesintoomuchofit.71What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Wheredidcigarettescomefrom?

B.Theeffectofsmokingonyourbody.C.Howtosmokeishealthy?

D.Whoisthefirstsmoker?参考答案：BBCB略19.Chineseresearcherssaytheyhavecomeupwithasimplewaytofindoutaperson’sbiologicalage—howmuchthebodyhasagedphysically–throughaurine(尿)test.Theirfindingswillhelpresearchersconductnumbersofageingstudiesandevenpredictaperson’sriskofage-relateddiseases,accordingtoapaperpublishedinthejournalFrontiersinAgeingNeuroscience.AnotherpaperbyresearchersattheBeijingHospitalandtheWestChinaHospitalinChengdu,Sichuanprovince,saidonTuesdaythatpeopleagedatdifferentratesduetochangesintheirgeneticmake-upandtheirenvironment.Chronologicalage–whichisbasedonone’sbirthdate—wasnotanexactmeasureofbiologicalagesoamoreexactmethodwasneeded,theteamsaid.Ageingisdrivenbythelifelonggradualaccumulation(积累)ofabroadvarietyofmolecular(分子)faultsinthebody’scells.Theteamsaidtheyhadidentifiedamatter8-oxoGsn

thatindicatedincreasesinoxidative(氧化性)damageinurineaspeople’sbodiesaged.CaiJianping,aco-authorattheBeijingHospital,said:“Asweage,wesufferincreasingoxidativedamageandsothelevelsofoxidativemattersincreaseinourbody.”Theteamtestedthelevelsof8-oxoGsninurinesamplesfrom1,228Chinesepeopleagedtwoto90andconcludedthemarkerhelpedaccuratelydeterminethestageofbiologicalageinginadults.Theyhadpreviouslyfoundthat8-oxoGsnlevelsalsoincreasedwithageintheurineofanimalssuchasmice.Theteamhasalsodevelopedarapidanalysistechniquecalledultra-high-performanceliquidchromatography(层析法),whichcanprocessupto10urinesamplesanhour,accordingtothestudy.28.Scientificallyspeaking,bywhatdoesadoctorjudgethestageofapersongettingold?A.Hispsychology.

B.Hiscondition.C.Hisbiologicalage.

D.Hischronologicalage.29.Whataretheouterfactorsthespeedofone’sageingphysicallydependon?A.One’sbirthdate.B.Thechangesintheirgeneticmake-upandtheirenvironment.C.Theaccumulationofvariousmolecularfaultsinthebody’scells.D.Theincreasesinoxidativedamageinurine.30.Whichcantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword“marker”inthesixthparagraph?A.Molecularfaults.

B.8-oxoGsn.C.Oxidativedamage.

D.Stageofbiologicalageinginadults.31.Whatisthepassageabout?A.Whypeopleareageing.B.Whatdeterminesthestageofpeople’sageingphysically.C.Arapidmethodwithwhichtojudgehowmuchpeopleareagingphysically.D.Howtodelaypeople’sageingphysically.参考答案：28.C

29.B

30.B

31.C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究者们提出了一种简单的检测人类生理年龄的方法：尿液检测。【28题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Chineseresearcherssaytheyhavecomeupwithasimplewaytofindoutaperson’sbiologicalage—howmuchthebodyhasagedphysically–throughaurine(尿)test”可知，医生根据一个人的生理年龄来判断一个人