宾语从句和定语从句1概要课件

语法互动(十五)宾语从句和定语从句

中考要求熟练掌握宾语从句和定语从句的构成和用法。宾语从句考点一引导词

1．在that引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that可以省略。Theradiosays(that)itwillraintomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。2．连接代词which，what，who，whom,whose等或连接副词how,where,why,when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述句语序。如：Couldyoutellme______________toyou?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？3．whether或if引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述句语序。Iwonder__________youhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。whathesaidif/whether考点二时态1．当主句为一般现在时、现在进行时或现在完成时，从句根据语境可以使用任何时态。Xiaomingwantstoknowwhattimeyougotupthismorning.小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。IamwonderingwhenChristmasfathersendsmeagift.我一直想知道圣代老人什么给我送的礼物。Hehastoldthathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。2．当主句为一般过去时时，从句要用相对应的过去的时态(过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。WeaskedwhatJeandidjustnow/wasdoingthen./woulddonext/haddonebythetimethemeetingwasover.我们问Jean刚才做了什么/那时正在做什么/接下来将会做什么/会议结束之前做了什么。3．当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。Lisaaskedwhetherlight______________fasterthansound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。Pollysaidnonewsisgoodnews.波利说没有消息就是好消息。travels/goes1．陈述句改为宾语从句时语序不变，即仍用陈述句语序。Heisagoodboy.Theteachersaid.→考点三语序

Theteachersaid(that)hewasagoodboy.2．一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，语序改为陈述句语序。Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whether______________．Whendidheleave？Idon'tknow.→[提醒]宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词＋todo”结构的简单句。Idon'tknowwhatIshouldsay.→Idon'tknowwhat__________．heworkshardtosayIdon'tknowwhenheleft.

1．人称的变化考点四直接引语与间接引语

一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新Shesaid,“Iamtired.”她说：“我累了。”→Shesaidthat__________tired.Theheadmastersaidtous，“Youmuststudyhardnow.”校长说：“你们现在一定要努力学习。”→Theheadmastertoldusthat______hadtostudyhardthen.shewaswe

2．引导词和语序语法互动(十三)┃宾语从句和定语从句直接引语间接引语引导词语序陈述句that(可省略)不变一般疑问句if/whether疑问句语序改为陈述句语序特殊疑问句wh-类词疑问句语序改为陈述句语序直接引语改为动词不定式时，需将主句中的saytosb.改为tell/asksb.,构成tell/asksb.(not)todosth.句型3.时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律一般是：一般现在时——一般过去时一般过去时——过去完成时一般将来时——过去将来时现在进行时——过去进行时现在完成时——过去完成时过去完成时——不变语法互动(十三)┃宾语从句和定语从句4．指示代词、时间和地点状语等的变化this—that

these—thosenow—__________today—thatdaytonight—__________thisweek(year,term)—_______________________yesterday—_______________lastweek(year,term)—theweek(year,term)beforetwoyearsago—_______________tomorrow—thenext(following)daynextweek(year,term)—thenextweek(year,term)here—__________语法互动(十三)┃宾语从句和定语从句thenthatnightthatweek(year，term)thedaybeforetwoyearsbeforethere引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose,whom),which,that。关系代词的基本用法：考点一关系代词的基本用法

定语从句（概念？）作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose

定语从句的用法:1.当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.2.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.Theman

who

isspeakingatthe

meetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theman（who/that/whom)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwho/that

stealsthingsiscalledathief.Thewoman

whom

theywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who/that)IspoketoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomIspokeisMr.Li.Iknowthegirl

whose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’s

motherisateacher.作定语3.whose多指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Whose用来代替his/her/their/its.Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.

4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.（作主语，不可省略。）（作宾语，可以省略。）5.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.Thiscomputer（which/that）

heisusingismadeinChina.Isthisthelibrary(which/that)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?指物，只用which（作主语，不可省略。）（作宾语，可以省略。）（作宾语，可以省略。）6.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything,all,little,much，none等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething(that)

youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.先行词是who或who引导的主句。

Whoisthegirl

(that)drovethecar?

Who

(that)brokethewindowwillbepunished.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthat

belongstohim.主句以Therebe引导时

Thereare200people(that)didn’tknowthething.Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成句子1．Thegirl________very_____(个子很高)isJohn'ssister.2．Welikemusic___________________________(让我们轻松的)．3．Helikestheplaces_________________(天气暖和的)．4．Thewatch___________________________(我昨天买的)waslost.5．Iwillneverforgetthedays____________________(我们生活在一起的)．考点过关whois

tall

which/thatmakesusrelaxed

whereit'swarm

that/whichIboughtyesterday

whenwelivedtogether

语法互动(十三)┃宾语从句和定语从句Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子1．你能告诉我你来中国多久了吗？