第15讲期末冲刺二北师版15教师版

情态动词的用法：can,must,maymight,needif,unless,once非谓语动词和Therebe句型的将来时与过去时结构语态Unit1Learningtohaveahardtimengsth.=havedifficultyinnggooverthe+，the+4concentrateonsth.集中于communicatewithsb.ratherthan apieceof●advisesb.todosth./advisesb.nottodosth./adviseng●sb.beadvisedtodomake makesurethat+getinvolvedin10behonestwithsb./sth.对….11.baseonbebasedon以……为根据”“根据……”；“基于……”12.besimilarto…与….相似takechargelook find attheendof在…. ngsth.Unit2Lifeinthetakevocationsaswellas既…inthe somethingspecial某些特殊的事情,形容词修饰不定代词时,放在不定代词后ontheinternet=surfthenotanymoreno not…anylongernolonger不再……（从时间角度，不再保持某个动作或状态了checkoutbecauseofbecause（主语+谓语leadtothinkofwantsb.todosth.想让做某wanttodosth.decidetodo=makeadecisiontodobeinterestedin对……感asaresult结果；由于……asaresultof……cometrueUnit3Thebesimilartosb.sth.与…..onaveragethesameas表示和……too atany instead asas表示方式，“像……,按照……,像……一样的StudyasLeninIhavechangeditasyousuggest.Theworkisnotaseasyasyouthink.Astimegoesonhecangetonwellwiththenewclassmates.（随着时间的推移AsIwascominghere,ImetMr.Ashewasnotverywell,IdecidedtogowithoutYoungasheis,heisquiteHeworksasanassistantintheshop.isfamousfortheGreatWall.persuadesb.todosth.劝做某commenton▲beatadisadvantage▲takeoneatadisadvantage▲toone’sdisadvantage对不haveaninfluenceon对…..Unit Inventionsandswitchonv v n/vmakeone’sappearanceturninto变成；把…nomatterwhat,who,when,which,whosehowbemadeof/from由…制成（看的出原材料）/（看不出原材料beusedfor9.warnwarnsb．of(或about)sth．警告某事warnsb．(not)todosth．警告(不)要做某事warnsb．againststh．(或ngsth．)警告不要做某事warn(sb．)that…警告()某事。例如besurethat…in asaruleeout开花，，退色，计算出Unit5EnglishandEnglish-speakingbeused ThisbookisusedasourThissongwillbeusedasthenationalAntheminthatas 至于,Asforyou,Ineverwanttoseeyouhereapart Apartfromthefoodanddrink,therearealsodifferencesinthenamesofitemsofwhatis Sheisaveryexcellentstudent.Whatismore,sheisalwaysreadytohelpnotonly…butalso…不仅……（放句首，需倒装Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,butalsospokemorefluentlythandepend 取决于,give 放弃,lookforwardto+名 lastbutnottheleast最后但同样重要的（一点apartfromfightagainst，奋斗，对consistof由……组成，由……beattachedtoUnit6.TheSpiritofsetarecord创造…besimilarto comefrom beingood bytheend atdifferentlevelkeepng继续做某Ittakes…todo…花了……(时间)做某leavebehindseesbng看见（正在）做某keepyouhealthybebasedon catchupwithdoone’sbestbepleasedwith对……beangrywith因而生beafraid takepartin“参加a “一些一点beinterested agreewithsb同意的观(一)canbeabletocan只用于现在时和过去时，beabletoTwoeyescanseemorethan注：CanyouYes,Ican./No,I用could比can语气更加委婉客气，常用于couldI ?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而couldCouldIborrowtheNo,you表示推测“可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。(can’t表示一定不是)Itcan’tbetrue.Canitbemay/mightMaymight则语气更加委婉，客气。May主要用于第一人称，而且can正式的多。注：MayIYes,youmay./No,youcan’t/mayYes,please.may小。Maybeheknowsthe表示义务。意为“必须”(意志)Wemustdoeverythingstepby注：MustIYes,youmust.Noyouneedn’tdon’thave--Mustwehandinourexercise—books--No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thavemustn’t表、不允许Youmustn’ttalktoherlike表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”mustcanHemustbeill.Helookssopale.She’swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotof注：mustmustneedneed既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动a).NeedIYes,youmust/No,youb).needdosth.变否定句：needn’tdo变疑问句：Needsb.doa).need+todo变否定句：sbdon’tdoesn’tdidn’tneedtodoDo/Does/Didsb.+needtodoYes,sb.do/does/did./No,sb.don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.b).当主语是物时，sth.+need ngsth.=sth.+needtobehadbetterhadbetter+动词=It’sbesttodohadbetternot+动词musthavemust“必须，应该”表示说话人的看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。(内在原因)haveto“必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使不得不干某事。(外界原因)例如：tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon…,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth…,fromnowon(从现在开始)，inanhour(一小时后)，intwodays/weeks…等。如：WhatshallwedoWhattimeshallweleave?Whenandwhereshallwemeet?e.g.Nextmonthmysisterwillbetwenty-I’llsendyouthebookassoonaspossiblepromiseTheGreenGreatWallwillstopthewindfromblowingtheearth绿色将防止风把土刮走e.g.I’llcomeandseeyoueverySundaynexte.g.Willyoupleasesignyournamehere?I’llbegladtohelpyou.begoingto＋动词表示即将发生或打算、计划、决定要做的事，或可能发生的事e.g.WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?She’sgoingtobeateacher.Thewallisgoingtobebrushedbegoingtowillbegoingto与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语，后者常用于语和正式文告e.g.There’ll(＝isgoingto)beafootballmatchinourschoolnextbegoingtowillIwill(＝amgoingto)climbthehilltomorrow注：一般来说，“意图”begoingtowillbegoingto常含有“即将”will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”，或不表示任We’regoingtovisittheHe’llwriteabookone表示预测：“begoingto”表示有发生某事的迹象；willIt’sverydarkandcold.It’sgoingtoI’msurehe’llbebackinan ngcome,go,arrive,leave,flystart等连用。go,come,leave,start,go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,spend,sail,meet,flye.g.Myauntiscomingtoseeus.Shewillbeheresoon.HeisflyingtoBeijingtomorrow.ThetrainisleavingatHefellillyesterday.（fell系动词Hefellofftheladder(fell实义动词beHeisa 他是一名教师（is与补足语一起说明主语的keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand等Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.Thismatterrestsamystery.表像系动词：用来表示“看起来像”seem,appearlook,HelooksHeseems(tobe)veryfeel,smellsoundtaste。例：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsvery e,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run. HebecamemadafterShegrewrichwithinashortprove,turnout,表达"证实"，"变成"Therumorproved 这证实有假Thesearchproved Hisnturnedouta （四）Therebe▲一般现在时：there+be（am,is,are）+主语+其他Thereareeightstudentsintheclassroom.▲一般过去时：therewas/were+主语+其他thereusedtobe主语+其他Therewasagroupofyoungpeopleworkingonthefarmyesterday.▲一般将来时：therewillbe主语+其他Therewillbeastrongwindtomorrow.TherewillnotbeastrongwindWilltherebeastrongwindYes,therewill./No,there1.You’re1.Idon’t2.That’s2.Idon’tthink3.I3.I’mnotsureabout4.Yes,Ithinkso,4.Ofcourse5.That’s5.Ithinkyouare（to）+doTofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.itItisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.HerjobistocleantheHeappearstohavecaughta常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,n,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer如果不定式（宾语）it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinIhavenochoicebuttostayHedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.Whattodo/howtodo/wheretogo/Whentostart/whichtoDoyouknowhowtousea在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask, beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause, ,callon,waitfor,invite.Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothe有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为语态时，不定to,如：IsawhimcrosstheHewasseentocrosstheIhaveameetingtoHefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Whatdidyouopenitwith?如果不定式修饰time,ce,way，可以省略介词HehasnocetoThisisthebestwaytoworkoutthis如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用式Haveyougotanythingtosend?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?WehavemadeantofinishtheHeisthefirsttogetHeworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.wrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.right：TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.only放在不定式前表示强调：Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.TheywereverysadtoheartheIt'stoodarkforustoseeThequestionissimpleforhimto lyouthetruth,Idon'tlikethewayhe感叹句表示说话时的惊异,喜悦,气愤等情绪.这些句子what和how引起what用来修饰一个名词how用来修饰形容词,副词或动词.What名词（或形容词+名词）+陈述句（主语+谓语！Whata/anadj.n.单数)++谓语!Whatalovelyboyheis!WhataneasyquestionitWhatadj.n.复数n.不可数+谓语!Whatgoodideasyouhave!WhatbadweatheritwasHowadj.a/ann.单数主语+谓语!Howdifficultaproblemitis!HowbiganeggitHowadj./adv主语+谓语!Howbeautifulthecityis!Howhardtheywork!HowhatheavyHowbusyyouare!（感叹句用陈述语序）Howbusyareyou?:证实时所问句.人称和时态要保持一致。Yourbrotherhasgonetothelibrary,hasn’tthis,thatitthese,theyThatisn’tausefulbook,isTheseareimportantreadingmaterials,aren’tIam…aren’tIamnotamI’mlateforthemeeting,aren’tI?I’mnotngwell,amI?everyoneeverybody,someone/somebody,noone/nobody,none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,something,nothingit。NobodycamewhenIwasout,didEverythinghasgonewrongtoday,hasn’thardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,seldom,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,didbeWhatafoolishchild(heis),isn’t陈述 反意疑问 shallLet will其他祈使 willLet’sgo,shallLetusgo,willPassmethesugar,willyes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。Helikesyingfootball,doesn’the?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.Hissisterdidn’tattendthemeeting,didshe?Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t.when,where,why。关系代词和关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起联系作用，又充当从句中that,whowhom(只做宾语人Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisstandingunderatree?你知道站在树下的是谁吗that,物、时间、Shegotacomputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一台父母买给电脑人Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.他是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.whoThedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.whomDoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYun?whoseThebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.ThisisthepaninwhichIboiledtheThatisthedictionarywhichyouarelookingwhichAlltheapplesthatfallareeatenbytheThisisthebesthothatIknow.that既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语，但注：which/that物Theclassroomwhosewindowisopenismine.窗户开着的那个教室是我的教IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleaveforBeijing.我仍然记得你去的那Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.这就是我工作的学校。e.g.Ihaveabrotherwhoisawho,whom,whose,which等。这些关系代词都that。e.g.Ihaveabrother,whoisaIhavelostapen,whichIlikeverythat引导定语从句Ineedsomethingthatcanhelpmefinishthe先行词被序数词或形容词所修ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeSheisthecleverestgirlthatIhaveeverallfeweveryanylittle,nosomeIhavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.TherewasnoonethatIcouldaskfor1）陈述句thatHehasgivenupsmoking.Shesaid…→Shesaidthathehadgivenupsmoking.一般疑问句ifwhetherIshenghis?Iaskedhim…IaskedhimifhewasnghisWhereareyougoing?Sheaskedme…→SheaskedmewhereIwasGrannytoldmethattheearthmovesaroundthe5）Iwe,think,believe,guesssuppose等词时，其后的宾语从句的否定应该转Idon’tthinkhecancomethisSince2000,Nanchang eanewcity. A.ischanged B.waschanged C.haschanged D.hadchanged2.-It’sasecretbetweenus.Don’tlanybody. A.I B.I C.I D.I–Susan,Whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadyto-I’msorry,butI whentoA.don’t B.didn’t C.haven’t D.wasn’t-Jimmy,yourtoysshouldbeinright-OK,I’ll them rightA.put;down B.put;away C.put;up D.put;on5.-o,mynameisJohnson.Ibelieveyouhavearoom forme.A. B. C. D.–IsPeterhere-Notyet,but beheresoon,A. B. C. D.–Youlentmesomemoneyafewmonths ?Idon’trememberlendingyouanyA.DidI B.Didyou C.DoI D.Doyou8.-Isyourschoolbeautiful?Yes,ofcourse.Lookatthisphoto.Itwillshow A.howbeautifulis B.whatitlooks C.whereitNoonecanbesure inamillionA.whatmanlooks B.whatwillmanlookC.manwilllooklike D.whatmanwilllook–CanyoustayhereforSorry, .IhavetoseemyA.Ican’t B.Ishouldn’t C.Imustn’t D.Iwon’t11.-I’mgoingtoDalianforaholidaynextweek. A.Well B. C.Haveagood D.IHehardlyhurthimselfinthe A.doesn’t B.didn’t C.did D.doesLet’sgofora A.will B.don’t C.aren’t D.shall cleverboyheisA.What B.Whatan C.Whata D.How15.-Couldyou lmewhen -At10:25,intenA.thebuswillleave B.willthebusleave C.thebushasleft D.thebushadleftStep1Step1Whatdoyouthink takea help… 帮助……（）做getready take seemto make onone’s on arriveatin)11getmarriedtoaskfor takeadvantageofberesponsiblefor对（，某事）负leadtousedtodobegoodfor对……lsb.aboutsth.告诉….某takeabus=bybus=onabuspreferng =prefertodosth.preferAtoBpreferngAtongBprefertodo…ratherthandohelpsb. 帮助做某helpsb.todosth./doask 向寻求帮asksb.forasksb.todosth./asksb.nottodopay paymoneyforbenotusedtosth 拓展：beusedtodo()/usedtodo(过去式befullof=befilled in on in according put payattention beaware beable so on befullof=befilled worry berich below depend even at toone’s 令惊奇的hang beincharge put take 发make decidetodo beina 在…sofar=upto instead continueto helpsb.(to)do 帮助做某makesb.do 使做某54.close happen sharewith look nto attheend 末dream begintodo find lookforwardto Step2Step2通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的、动作或情况e.g.SamphonedamomentIgotupateightthise.g.Didtheephonering?WholeftthedoorIsmoked40cigarettesadaytillIgaveyesterday,lastweek/Sunday/year,…ago,juste.g.ImetLilyIwenttoDalianlastIwasagoodstudent5yearsago.Hehaddinnerjustnow.常和go,come,meet,leave,have,visit等词连用。A:WhatareyoungonB:Inthemorning,I’myingtennisbutI’mintheI’mgoingshopthisSheisgoingtothebeachwithherfamilybe；表示位置转移的动词（go，come，arrive，leave，return等）和表示“开始，结束”的动词（start，begin，open，finish，end，close等）与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用，表示时间表、单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生，日程不易改变，口气肯定。例如：SchoolfinishesonJanuaryAreyounextTuesdayThepartystartsatfourthirty,doesn’tMr.GreenleavesBeijingforhomewhen，before，assoonas，until/tillif引导的条件状语从句中，常用Ifitdoesn’traintomorrowwe’llgototheEastLake.Imustfinish beforemymotherreturns.我必须在回来之前做完家庭作业hope后接表示将来时间的宾语从句中，也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，hope的主语往往是Ihopeyou(will)haveagoodholiday.Ihopehecomes(willcome).（四）形容词/1例如，HeistootiredtowalkMybrotherrunssofastthatIcan‘tfollow例如，TomisasoldasTomistwiceasoldas“甲+benot+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthat（3）“甲+助动词+not+动词+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyas例如，TomrunsasfastasMike.Tomrunstwiceasfastas2的用可以修饰的词，much，alot，far，alittle，a例如，LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanher“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍例如，TomistallerthanThisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthat“甲+be+the+形容词+ofthetwo+……” 例如，Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthe“+and+”表示“越来越……”。例如，Heisgettingtallerandtaller.TheflowersaremoreandmoreHedoeshismoreandmore例如，Themorecarefulyouarethefewermistakesyou’ll“特殊疑问词+be+形容词，甲or乙？”例如，Whichisbigger，theearthorthemoon？“特殊疑问词+实义动词+副词，甲or乙？”例如，Whodrawsbetter，JennyorDanny？①“甲+实义动词+(倍数)+副词+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍例如，IgotupearlierthanmymotherthisHerunsthreetimesfasterthanhis②“甲+be+形容词+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物例如，TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver =TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyoftheotherrivers =TheYangtzeRiverislongerthantheotherrivers =TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriver 【注意】TheYangtzeRiverlongerthananyriverinJapan.长江比的任何一条河都长③“甲+实义动词+副词+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个例如，Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyotherstudentinhis=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsinhis=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthantheotherstudentsinhis=Mikegetstoschoolearliestinhis要避免重复使用(错Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(对)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.(对Heiscleverthanhis(错)islargerthatanycountryin(对)islargerthananyothercountriesinThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeanthantocarryitout.比较：Whichislarge,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorSheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.3的用1)①“主语+be+the+形容词+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。例如，Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.Thisappleisthebiggestofthe②“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。例如，Ijump(the)farthestinmyclass.“主语+be+one+of+the+形容词+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。例如，Beijingisoneofthelargestcitiesin ①“特殊疑问词+be+the++甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。例如，Whichcountryisthelargest， ，BrazilorCanada？②“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较例如，Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best，spring，summerorautumn？定义：不是指替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词做主语使用：Someonewantstoseeyou.做宾语使用：Iknownothingaboutit.做表语使用：Moneyisn’teverything.everyeverybody/everyone,everythinge.g.Everybody/Everyonehasabook.每人（大家）somethinganythingsomeone/somebody，something一般用于肯定句，anybody/anyone，anythinge.g.Thereissomeone/somebodyintheroom.Thereisn’tanybody/anyoneintheroom.Isthereanybody/anyoneintheroom?some一样，somebody/someone，something有时也用于疑问句中，含有肯定的意思（表示请求，e.g.Whynotasksomebodytohelpus?Issomeonecomingthisanybody/anyone,anythinge.g.Youcandoanythingyoue.g.Ifoundnothinginterestingintoday’ssomething,anything,nothing可用itsomeone,somebodyeveryone等做主语时可用he/she,或him/her，或themmusthavemust做情态动词，表示“必须，应该，一定，准是”之意mustneednot(needndon’thaveto表示不必，而不用mustnot,因为mustnot“，不可以MustIbehomebeforeeightYes,youmust./Noyouneedn’t.No,youdon’thavehaveto为情态动词，表示“不得不”之意，表示一种客观需要。Haveto有过去时、现在时、将来时Wedon’thavetoworkonThestudentsoftodaywillhavetoknowhowtoliveintheHavetomust用法的对比havetomustneedn’t.mustnotdonothavetoYoumustn’tgonow.Youdon’thavetogosoearly.；haveImuststudyInordertomakealiving,shehadtoworkfora为了谋生，她不得不给干活ifif引导的条件状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句谓语动词用一般现在时(主将从现.Ifyoueatfruitsandvegetables,youwillbehealthier.Ifyoudon’tdoanyexercise,youwillputonweight.Ifyoudon’tgetenoughrest,youwillfeelverytired.Ifyoutakealotofvitamins,yourhealthwillimprove.IwanttoknowifitwillrainWearwarmclotheswhenitiscold.Putonyourcoat,please.Let’sgoshopWhydon’tyoutrywalkinginsteadoftakingthebus?Whynotgooutforawalk?Whatabouttakingsomeaspirin?Howaboutgoingtogether?It’sagoodideatochooseanactivitythatyouShallwegoshopjustyet,already,ever,Ihavealreadydonemywork.（说明不用再工作了I 的时间状语连用。如：today,recently,lay,sinceduring/inthepasttwodays,thisweek,thesedays,sofar,foralongtime…Wehavewaitedforthewholeday.（现在仍然在等构成：主语have/hasIhavewrittenapostcardtomyfriend.Shehaslivedheresinceshewashave/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeento表示“去过某地”，表明说话人的一种经历，可以与“once,severaltimes,ever,HehasbeentoShanghaithreehave/hasgoneto表示“去了某地”，表明主语已在去某地的或已到达某地。一般只能用于第三人Hehasgoneto stopsoppedstoppd sudystudidstudid不规则变化：1）动词，过去式，过去分词三种形式完全相同putputput hurthurthurt ututut shutshutsut2）过去分与过去式相同。make-made-madedig-dug-dugbuild-built-built 3）过去分词与动词相同，与过去式不相同。 4）n/ne/en 1.-HaveyouimprovedyourspokenEnglish -Yes,Ihave.I’ve improvedA.already, Balready, C.yet, D.yetWhoisthe whenyouheardthe A.excited, B.excited, C.exciting, D.exciting,Ihave thebikeforthreeA. B. C. D.Themoreweknowaboutthe wewillA.themore B.themostC.themore D.5.I’mgladI withmybestfriendinthesameschoolnextA.study B.willstudy C.havestudied D.studied6.-WhynotseethefilmHarryPorterwithme A.haveseen B.see C.wasseeing D.saw7.-Ihaven’tfinishedmyyet.-I A.as B. C. D.I’lltrymybest itisveryhard.NothingcanstopA.even B. C. D.Whatcan highbloodA. B. C. D.Youmusttakecareof ,mydeardaughterandA. B. C. DOurteachermustbeinthe A.isn’tshe B.mustn’tshe C.isshe D.mustshe12.-Maywegonow?–No,you A. B. C. D.mayTheyprovidedfreshvegetables A. B C. D.Heisusedto A.worked B.work C.works D.working15Whentheaccidenthappened,she A.watch B.watched C.waswatching KEYS:1-5CACCB一般现在时和一般过去时的语态使役动词makeCouldyoulmehowtogettothepostoffice?请告诉我怎样才能到邮局好吗句中Couldyoulme后接带疑问词的不定式作宾语，语意上相当于how引导的特殊疑问句。此howtogettothepostoffice相当于HowcanIgettothepostoffice?类似的结构如下：⊙Canyoulmewhentostart?→Canyoulmewhenwewill⊙Couldyoulmewhichtochoose?→CouldyoulmewhichoneIshouldwho,which,whenwhere,howwhat等连用，在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.（作宾语Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.（作主语Myquestioniswhentostart.（作表语whywhywhynottoWhynothelpyourmommakedinner?为什么不帮你做饭呢Whyarguewithhim?Isthatagoodcetohangout?那是闲逛的好地方吗？动词不定式短语tohangout作agoodce的后置定语。Hehastoomanythingstodo.Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.此时不定式也可以是“不定式+Givemesomepapertowriteon.Hecanfindnoonetomakefriendswith./Hewasthefirstboytoworkouttheproblem.Shewastheonlyonetogrowup./LiMeiisonherwaytoseeafilm.在去看的（不是在去作别的事情的而是在去看的）Ifindstampsfascinating.fascinatingfind的宾语补足语。作及物动词“找到；发现”时，其后可直接跟名词、代形容词、副词、名词和介词短语来充当。例如：Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.（现在分词作宾补Hefoundthedoorclosed.（过去分词作宾补Ifoundthosebookstobeveryinteresting.（find的宾补一般不用不定式，tobe）Wewenttoherhousebutwefoundherout.（副词作宾补You’llfinditadifficultbook.（名词作宾补Theworkerfoundthemachineoutof Ihavetosay,Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.我不得不说，我发现记住这一切是的。findeverythingIfounditdifficulttofinishthetaskintime.itit作形式宾语用于“动词（feel,think,find,considermake）it宾语补足语（形容词，名词）不it充当形式宾语的结构，而将真正的宾语放于宾补WeconsideritnecessarytocombinetheorywithWethinkituselesslearningatheorywithoutTheteachermadeitarulethateverystudentshouldnotbe老师规定每个学生都不能Herearesomethingsthey’velearnedfromscientificstudies.这里有一些取自于科学研究的例子。here位于句首，句子要倒装，有两种形式的倒装。一种是完全倒装，另一种是部分倒装。使用哪Herecomesthebus.（thebusHereyouare.（youthereout,in,up,down,awayTheregoesthebell.了Awaywentthegirl.那个走了Theanimalsarekeptinatinycageandcanhardlymoveatall.IvisitedourcityzooyesterdayandIwasverysurprisedtofindhardlyanyonethere.昨天，我参观了我hardlyHecouldhardlyseeanything.hardlyalmostnot，因此不能再与其他否定词连用。用于反意疑问句时，Hehardlyworksdoeshe?hardlyanyanybodyanything,anywhere,anyone等词，表达“几乎没有/简直没有什么人（什么东西、什么地方等somesomething,somebody等词连用。例如：Theyhadhardlyanyfood.他们几乎没有食物了。e,getgrowturngo e强调变化的结果，可以和名词、形容词（包括、分词连用，不与动词不定式连She eafamoussinger.getTheweatherisgettingwarmdaybyday.Hehasgrownintoafineyoungman.turnHerfaceturnedred.脸变红了Thehotweatherturnedthemeat.goFishsoongoesbadinhotweather.havegoneto与havebeenhavehasgonetohasleft或isn’there，表示去某地了，不知是否已到，但此人不MyfatherhasgonetoBeijing.我父亲已经去了⑵have(has)beento用英语解释为hasreturned或benotthere，表示“去过某地，但现在不在HaveyoueverbeentotheWestLake?to后都可加地点名词，地点若是副词，就不能用介词tohavebeentherehavegonehome①—Tom,canyoulmewhereJack— totheA.has B.had C.had D.has②我去过两次 KEY：B;IhavebeentoJapanalreadyjust,yetjustalreadyIhavefinishedreadingthisbookalready.Haveyoufinishedreadingthebookalready?你真的已经读完这本书了？（表示惊讶HehasjustcomebackfromJapan.他刚从回来yetHaveyoufoundthebookyet?Notyet.stillDoyoustillteachinthatschool? hasn’tfinishedhis②—Haveyouwashedyour Yes,I③Thesnow stoppedby4:00④Shehasn’treturnedtoher keepthepresentIsenttoyoutwoyearsago.It’sverykindof⑥Thebell KEY:still;yet;already;yet;still;thankstobecausebecause⑴thanksto常带有“感谢”的感彩，表示由于某个人或物的存在才有了某种好的结果，其后Thankstothedoctorthechildwassaved.⑵because与becauseof均是普通用语表示理由没有感彩because后跟从句，becauseWedidn’tgetthereontimebecauseoftheheavyrain(becauseitrained theoldman,wefindthelost thebadweather,wehavetostayathomeinsteadofgoingKEY：Thanksto;Becausebemadeof…Thetableismadeofwood.这桌子是用木头做的。bemadeoutof…意为“用……铸造、改制而成（of后跟原材料或另一物品名称Thedresswasmadeoutofsomeoldcurtains.Thestatueismadeoutofstones.bemadeintomake…into…)Bamboocanbemadeintogoodwalkingsticksandfishingpoles.竹子可以制成很好的拐杖和竿bemadein表示某一产品在某地生产或制造，inThesecarsaremadeinJapan.这些小汽车是产的byThedeskwasmadebyhisfather.bemadeupof…Acomputerismadeupofmanyparts.计算机是由许多部件组成的。happen与takehappen作“发生”Howdidtheaccidenthappen?happentodosth.ShehappenedtogooutwhenIcametoseeher.⑶happentosb./sth意为（）发生了什么事”或（某物）发生了什么情况。例如Whathappenedtoyou,David?，你怎么了⑷takece作“发生”解时较为正式，不带有偶然之意，并经常用来指经事先安排的事情。例如“The Movement”tookcein1919.“运动”发生于1919年SeeingJohnrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhim A.would B.had C. D.waslowhighcheap/lowhigh表示“价格低/ThepriceoftheshoesissohighthatIcan’taffordthem.cheapexpensive表示“物品的贱/TheshoesaresoexpensivethatIcan’taffordthem.Thepriceoftheshoesis .Ican’tpayforA. B. C. D.pastacross,overthrough⑴acrosson所表达的意思有关。例如：Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreetcarefully.那位老人地走过街道throughin所表达的意思有关。例如：Theroadgoesthroughthe.这条路穿过森林⑶当over用作“穿越“通过”之意时，表示到达一座高的物（如树、墙、和山脉等）Gooverthehillandyou’llfindus.pastwalk,run,driverideIdrovepasttheparkjust ①Wehaveto thetowntogettothe②Canyou the③Theboy thewalltogethis④He thehospitalinaKEY:through;across;over;leaveleave表示“离开某地”时是及物动词，直接接名词或代词作宾语。表示“离开某地去某地”for不接to。只表示方向，而不涉及到达与否。例如：Helefthomeinahurry.Helefthomeforthestationafewminutesago.几分钟前他（离开家）for（leaveLondonforParis是“离开伦敦前往巴黎”之意，在不需表明出发地只需表明目的地时使用leavefor即可。⑵leave后接双宾语，leavesb.sth.意为“留给某物。例如Helefthissonaletter.他给他儿子留下HeleftaletterforhisLeavethedooropen.不要关门（让门开着Hewasleftanorphan.Theyleavetheboybyhimselfathome.leavesth.+Ileftmyathome.我把作业忘在了家里—Whydon’tyouhaveanotebookwith— itatA. B. C. D.keepkeepv-ing形式，也可以是副词或介词短语。例如：It’scoldoutside,pleasekeepthewindowsclosed.Theteacherkepttheboystandingforanhour.keepYoucankeeptheCDsfortwodays.①I’msorrythatIhavekept mesoA. B.waiting C.to D.towait②You’dbetterkeepyour foraA. B.to C. D.③Howlongcan theA. B. C. D.KEY:BCThisceis wildanimalstoliveA. B. C. D.—Somepeoplethinkthatanimalsshouldnotlivein—I A. B. C. D.—Doyoulikepolarbears,—Oh,no.Theyare A. B. C. D.Collectingandsellingusedthingsisagoodway moneyfortheChildren’sA. B. C. D.—Haveyoueverseenthisfamous—No.I’ve A. B.listened C. D.heard—Icouldn’t IsawinthisA. B. C. D.—Doctor,itseemsthatyouliketoworkwith—Yes,Ithinkanimal asourA. B.be C. D.isWhatabigdog! lmehowmany A.it B.doesit C.weighs D.toweigh—Hu allofustoworkhardtobuildaharmonious（和谐的—Great!WemustdoourA. B. C. D.—Wheredidyougettheseold—Fromtheoldhouseswhich bytheA.taken B.pulled C.turned D.putIsthatkindof A.make B.madeup C.made D.madeItis theA.recycle; B.torecycle;toC.torecycling; D.tosave;toCanyouprovide some theA.for; B.with; C.about; D.with;—Areyou—No.Ihavesomany A. B.to C. D.—Whenwearrivedatthehall,the forjusta—WhataA.has B.had C.hasbeen D.hadbeenIfirstsawthebabypandawhenshewasonly10daysold.Shelookedlikeawhitemouse.We16her“XiWang”.Itmeans“hope”.WhenXiWangwasborn,shewasjust100grams.Shedrankhermother’smilkforas17as14hoursaday.Whenshewassixmonthsold,shestartedtoeatbambooshootsandleaves.Eightnonthslater,shewasnotasmallbabyanymore.Shegrewintoa18youngpanpaandweighed35kilos.WhenXiWangwas20monthsold,shehadto19herselfbecausehermotherhadanotherbaby.20,itisverydifficultforpandastoliveinthewild.Herearesomeoftheproblems21pandaslikeXiWangmayhaveinthefuture.Ifhunters22apanda,theywillkillitforitsfur.Iffarmers23treesands,willhavenocetoliveWhenmothersleavebabypandas24,theywilloftenbetakenaway.Sopeoplethinkthatthebabypandasneedhelp.Ifpandasareindanger,weshouldtryourbesttoprotectthem.Ifwedo25,soontherewillbenopandasintheworld.16.A.B.C.D.17.A.B.C.D.18.A.B.C.D.19.A.takeB.takeC.lookD.look20.A.B.C.D.21.A.B.C.D.22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.cutC.D.24.A.B.C.D.25.A.B.C.D.ANileAfricanHowUsuallyabout5metersGrown-upmalesare6meterstall.Thegrown-upmaleelephantis6-8metreslong,over4meterstall.HowAmalegiraffeismorethan1,000kg.Grown-upsNileAfricanHowUsuallyabout5metersGrown-upmalesare6meterstall.Thegrown-upmaleelephantis6-8metreslong,over4meterstall.HowAmalegiraffeismorethan1,000kg.Grown-upsare5.5-7tons.Almosteverything.LargerNilecrocodileeatzebras,anopesandhumanbeings.Mostlyleaves.Theycangoforseveraldayswithoutwater.Theyeat500kgoffrom50tontsIfababycrocodileisindanger,itsmummaypickitupandputitintohermouthtokeepitsafe.Thetongueofagiraffecanbeaslongas45AnAfricanelephantcanturnthepagesofabookwithitstrunktip.Agrown-upmaleAfricanelephant fourmeters B.morethan6merersC.about7meters D.lessthan4metersAmalegiraffeis A.225 B.one C.5.5 D.7eathumanNile B.AfricanC. D.Whenababycrocodileisindanger,itsmother eat B.putitintoi