中国城市综合实力排行榜

由中国社会科学院财政与贸易研究所倪鹏飞博士牵头，两岸四地城市竞争力专家共同携手，国内著名高校、国家权威统计部门和地方科研院所近百名专家历时大半年时间联合完成，社科文献出版社出版的《2010年中国城市竞争力蓝皮书：中国城市竞争力报告》（以下简称报告）于2010年4月26、27日分别在北京和香港发布。在外部经济危机、内部经济结构调整的背景下，2009年中国城市在国际地位提升的同时，国内城市竞争力格局也发生了微妙的变化。从总体来看，五区域分享前十，沿海城市北进南退；全国城市整体起飞，潜力城市各具特色。东南优势略有下降，全国城市间差距缩小；浙江城市竞争力有所下滑，内蒙古吉林竞争力增长连续领先。报告对全国294个地级以上城市综合竞争力进行比较发现：中国最具竞争力的前十名城市依次是：香港、深圳、上海、北京、台北、广州、天津、高雄、大连、青岛。综合增长竞争力前十名的城市：鄂尔多斯、铁岭、通化（前三个城市并列第一）、辽源、松原、营口、清远、白山、包头、巴彦淖尔。经济规模竞争力前十名的城市：香港、上海、北京、深圳、广州、天津、台北、佛山、杭州、东莞。经济效率竞争力前十名的城市：香港、台北、高雄、新竹、台中、澳门、深圳、东营、台南、东莞。发展成本竞争力前十名的城市：海口、亳州、三亚、香港、成都、咸阳、随州、常德、长春、基隆。产业层次竞争力前十名的城市：香港、北京、台北、新竹、深圳、上海、高雄、台中、基隆、台南。收入水平竞争力前十名的城市：香港、澳门、上海、深圳、台北、北京、新竹、厦门、高雄、鄂尔多斯。报告对样本城市的竞争力进行了回溯计算。过去五年竞争力稳步提升的十个城市分别是防城港、清远、赣州、通化、鄂尔多斯、乐山、廊坊、咸阳、澳门、大连。它们分别属于不同的区域、规模和发展阶段，这反映出中国城市竞相争先的态势，不同类型的城市都有提升最快、潜力最大的城市。报告对全国56个重点城市的八个分项竞争力进行比较发现：人才本体竞争力前10名城市依次是：香港、北京、深圳、天津、上海、澳门、杭州、中山、东莞和武汉。企业本体竞争力前10名城市依次是：上海、苏州、唐山、深圳、北京、广州、武汉、包头、绍兴和南京主要产业本体竞争力前10名城市依次是：北京、东莞、上海、杭州、香港、重庆、武汉、成都、广州和济南。公共部门竞争力前10名城市依次是：上海、北京、绍兴、香港、深圳、重庆、杭州、澳门、南通和天津。生活环境竞争力前10名城市依次是：北京、上海、香港、广州、武汉、南京、重庆、澳门、西安和杭州。商务环境竞争力前10名城市依次是：香港、上海、珠海、苏州、深圳、青岛、澳门、宁波（并列第七）、天津和厦门。创新环境竞争力前10名城市依次是：上海、北京、深圳、香港、广州、天津、大连、长沙、宁波和东莞。社会环境竞争力前10名城市依次是：香港、中山、珠海、厦门、大连、澳门、杭州、深圳、东莞和沈阳。在案例研究部分，课题组根据过去五年全国城市发展的格局，以及未来全球、中国发展的主导力量及其趋势，比较各城市内外环境，从294个城市中按城市规模分三类遴选了24个城市进行深入的案例研究分析。需要指出的是：这24个城市分属不同的城市规模。因此，这三个类别的城市具有不可比性；无论是哪个类别的城市都具有跨越的可能。另外，该判断是基于课题组在定量研究基础上的定性判断，其准确性还有待检验。其中，一线城市有四个，分别为北京、上海、天津和重庆；二线城市有十个，分别为台中、成都、沈阳、南京、合肥、武汉、长沙、南昌、宁波和苏州；三线城市有十个，分别为三亚、东营、唐山、吉林、柳州、东莞、开封、嘉兴、佛山和咸阳。本次报告的年度主题为：“竞争力：城市与国家同进退”。主题报告首先提出分析国家竞争力的理论框架，从主体素质、国内供给、国内需求、国内联系、全球联系和公共制度六个方面构建评价国家竞争力的指标体系，对中国国家竞争力进行实证分析，并总结国家竞争力战略的国际经验，提出提升中国国家竞争力的战略建议。中国国家竞争力的实证分析将中国与G20国家相比。总体上，欧美国家稳居前列，中国中等增长显著。从全球格局来看，先发国家优势依然，后发国家崛起迅速。2008年G20国家竞争力排名为：美国、欧盟、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大、德国、英国、法国、中国、韩国、意大利、俄罗斯、巴西、印度、阿根廷、沙特阿拉伯、南非、印度尼西亚、土耳其和墨西哥。前十名中亚洲国家有3个，其他均为欧美裔国家，而发展中国家只有中国进入前十。后十名主要分布在亚非拉美地区，以新兴经济体为主。从中国方位来看，中国中游凸显优势，潜力巨大赶超强劲。2008年，中国国家竞争力在G20国家中排名第9,与2004年没有变化，但从指数上看增长迅速，与发达国家的差距不断缩小，表明正逐步融入世界强国行列，凸显中国崛起的优势。本报告判断，伴随着全球政治、经济、科技和文化格局的调整和中国的崛起，中国到2020年有望成为全球重要的经济决策中心。报告在借鉴其他国家的基础上，提出提升中国国家竞争力的整体战略：梯次追赶战略。战略定位为：迈向全球经济、科技、文化的重要中心。具体战略目标是：至V 2020年，中国成为综合强大、关键一流、整体中上的先进国家。战略路径为：高端引领与重点跨越；成本领先与整体渐进；规模竞争和多层合作；提升品质与营销品牌；扩大开放，内外互动。报告提出通过集群式城市化推进国家竞争力的提升，提出中国城市集群化发展的目标定位：到2030年形成多层次、开放性的城市群体系。提出中国城市集群化发展的基本原则：集中发展、协调发展、集约发展、网络发展、梯度发展、功能紧凑和硬件完善。中国城市集群化发展的对策措施是：（1）将城市集群化发展作为国家区域政策的中心；（2）制定面向2030年的城市群体系发展规划；（3）建立并完善城市群的治理机制；（4）改革行政管理体制；（5）改善城市集群化发展的制度环境；（6）优化城市集群化发展的政策支持体系；（7）构建城市集群化发展的基础设施网络。这份由社会科学文献出版社出版的蓝皮书是中国城市竞争力课题组的第八次年度报告，报告主题前瞻、评述客观、内容丰富、数据翔实，报告对各级政府尤其是城市政府部门、国内外企业、有关研究机构、社会公众具有重要的决策参考意义和研究借鉴价值。中国294个城市综合竞争力五年历史回溯城市2009年综合竞争力排名2008年综合竞争力排名2007年综合竞争力排名2006年综合竞争力排名2005年综合竞争力排名香港0.89510.89810.89610.89910.8631深圳0.76020.77820.75720.74730.7123上海0.75930.77830.75530.75320.7312北京0.74940.74540.72540.72140.6665台北0.70550.72550.69150.68360.6814广州0.66660.68460.66870.66670.6388天津0.65270.64790.631100.622120.59015高雄0.64680.67070.67660.69450.6616大连0.64490.631120.620120.597180.58418青岛0.639100.65680.63680.617140.60612苏州0.636110.645100.63390.631110.60613杭州0.636120.641110.627110.634100.61311澳门0.630130.621150.587200.584220.56623沈阳0.627140.614170.585210.563280.55028东莞0.622150.611180.579240.538370.49846长沙0.615160.605220.589180.586210.55326

无锡0.613170.630130.618130.620130.60014武汉0.613180.601230.549320.581240.55127厦门0.610190.619160.605150.596190.57420宁波0.604200.610190.600170.608170.58716南京0.604210.608210.588190.591200.57719合肥0.604220.587280.561270.552300.51837成都0.604230.597240.584220.569260.55525佛山0.601240.623140.603160.616150.56922东营0.599250.589270.576250.565270.53132台中0.585260.609200.571260.582230.58617济南0.585270.590260.581230.580250.57121台南0.579280.567310.558280.608160.61710长春0.572290.546390.531410.548330.55624鄂尔多斯0.571300.547380.507520.503560.45773珠海0.568310.571290.556290.549310.53929基隆0.565320.591250.609140.64980.6379烟台0.565330.555350.543370.530410.51041常州0.564340.570300.556300.549320.53531中山0.563350.563320.549330.540360.50544呼和浩特0.561360.521520.518470.507480.46070福州0.558370.562340.543360.541350.52035南昌0.557380.555360.549340.553290.52534西安0.553390.535420.528420.530400.51539包头0.552400.534440.499580.480670.44779郑州0.551410.554370.546350.542340.52733重庆0.546420.563330.539380.528430.51738南通0.540430.546400.535390.529420.49249石家庄0.537440.530450.532400.532390.51936温州0.533450.534430.528430.526440.51440哈尔滨0.533460.524500.518460.537380.53830大庆0.524470.519550.512490.506520.48455淄博0.522480.527470.518480.513470.50643新竹0.522490.543410.551310.63990.6537扬州0.520500.521510.509500.502580.48950马鞍山0.519510.525480.507510.507510.45475绍兴0.518520.529460.521450.524450.50045南宁0.517530.507640.494620.484650.48751乌鲁木齐0.513540.491710.497610.505540.48454昆明0.511550.519540.503550.507500.48553克拉玛依0.510560.511580.506530.507490.47559镇江0.507570.520530.504540.502570.49647徐州0.507580.509590.498590.492630.48552

唐山0.507590.495680.484680.483660.46069太原0.506600.507620.502560.506530.45971舟山0.505610.500670.486670.470750.43092惠州0.505620.508600.492640.478710.47063台州0.502630.507630.497600.500600.48257威海0.498640.524490.525440.518460.49348嘉兴0.496650.500660.493630.493620.48058鞍山0.496660.511570.491650.503550.50642泰州0.496670.501650.482690.474720.47065银川0.493680.492700.482700.480680.43388江门0.492690.508610.473730.463810.44283芜湖0.492700.487730.480710.501590.47162泉州0.489710.515560.500570.489640.48256洛阳0.484720.495690.491660.493610.46467柳州0.483730.484750.469760.463800.44482济宁0.480740.468850.460820.458840.47064廊坊0.479750.474790.456880.452880.421103沧州0.478760.470820.457870.461830.418105秦皇岛0.477770.485740.480720.479690.47261泰安0.476780.474780.458860.439980.44084湖州0.476790.475770.464770.461820.44085海口0.475800.469830.455890.464780.47360临沂0.473810.460920.462800.453870.43986株洲0.472820.462910.444990.445930.43093兰州0.472830.490720.463790.478700.45972桂林0.472840.466860.460830.452890.43787潍坊0.471850.470810.472740.473730.45774连云港0.470860.466870.460810.464790.44780金华0.470870.473800.464780.467760.44878德州0.468880.480760.459850.449900.45176新乡0.467890.465880.446940.441970.408113岳阳0.466900.4451030.444980.446920.44681盘锦0.465910.469840.469750.471740.42995铜陵0.464920.464890.459840.449910.43191龙岩0.462930.449990.445950.4371010.413110吉林0.462940.4351120.4041360.4051380.420104贵阳0.460950.463900.448910.455850.423100漳州0.457960.450970.4321060.4171170.414109肇庆0.456970.4391080.4211130.4221140.42598莱芜0.452980.451960.4321070.4161210.396126日照0.451990.4461020.4351020.4251080.383148锦州0.4511000.4431060.4251110.4231110.408114松原0.4501010.4271200.4031380.3572020.346187平顶山0.4491020.4401070.4221120.4131280.389141

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