中考英语二轮复习学案定语从句

定语从句命题趋势：定语从句是中考必考考点之一，其中以关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考1相关概念①主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句②定语从句：修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的句子是定语从句③先行词：先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面=4\*GB3④关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词2定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that/which/who/whom/whose等，关系副词包括where/when/why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分3定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整4关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人Who/thatWho/that/whom/省略Whose指物Which/thatWhich/that/省略Themanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingisfromHongKongThebuildingwhich/thatisbeingbuiltwillbeusedasahospitalIvisitedascientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld注意（1）当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致HeisoneoftheboyswholikeplayingbasketballHeistheoneoftheboyswholikesplayingbasketball（2）通常在以下6种情况下只能用that而不能用which①先行词为all/much/something/everything/nothing/little/none/theone等代词时ThatisallthatIwanttosay②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用whichHewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexamThisisthemostwonderfulfilmthatIhaveseenLookattheapples.Youcanseethetwothatyougaveme③以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用thatWhoisthegirlthatiscrying=4\*GB3④先行词被theonly/thevery/thesame/thelast/little/few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用whichThisisthesamebikethatIlostMr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows=5\*GB3⑤先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用whichWeweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisitedIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom=6\*GB3⑥先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时It’sabookthatwillhelpyoualot=7\*GB3⑦主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用whichThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况①先行词为that、whose时，用which，而不用thatWhat’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?②关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用thatThisistheroominwhichhelives③引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用thatTomcamebackwhichmadeushappy5关系副词的基本用法when在句中作状语，表示时间HeremembersthedaywhenhejoinedtheLeagueThisisthetimewhenhearrivedWhere在句中作状语，表示地点ThisistheplacewhereLuXunwasbornThisistheplacewhereheworksWhy在句中作状语，表示原因ThisisthereasonwhyheislatetodayNobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool6关系代词引导的定语从句限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子除which之外，还可用when，where，who，whom等关系副词或关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语，引导词可以省略；但引导限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换定语从句解题技巧定语从句的考点通常围绕关系代词的选用来设题。解题时要遵循以下两个步骤先找出先行词，然后判断先行词指人还是指物。如果先行词指人，关系代词用who,whom或that。如果先行词指物，关系代词用which或that判断所缺的关系代词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。如果先行词指人，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，则关系代词可以用who或that典例品味1Doyouknowthelittleboy____ishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?No.Buthowniceheis!AwhichBwhoCwhomDwhat2Themovie____wesawlastnightwasfantasticAthatBwhatCwhoseDwho习题1Pleasepassmethecartoonbook______hasaMickeyMouseonthecoverAwhomBwhichCwhoseDwho2It’sinterestingthattherearealotofpeople____speakFrenchinCanadaAwhereBwhichCwhoDwhen3Thegirl_____wonthegoldmedalcomesfromXiamenNo.1HighSchoolAwhoBwhichCwhomDwhat4Afriendissomeone_____says,”What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”AwhichBwhoCwhatDwhose5It’sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahouse_____hasnewfurnitureinitAwhoBwhereCwhenDthat6Moststudentsliketheteachers____understandthemwellAwhichBwhatCwhomDwho7Peoplearetalkingabouttheoldhouses______JackieChanboughtinAnhuitwentyyearsagoAwhereBwhichCwhoDwhen8Beingblindissomething_____mostpeoplecan’timagineAwhoBwhichCthat