新视角研究生英语读说写2八单元课后练习答案公开课一等奖市优质课赛课获奖课件

ExercisesReadingComprehensionStructureoftheTextUnit8:ExercisesVocabularyClozeTranslationUnit8:ReadingcomprehensionReferenceEx.I,p.153 Inparagraphs1to4,theauthorlistedmanyexamplestoshowthatweseemtotakestereotypesforgranted.Stereotypesappearineveryaspectoflife.Accordingtohim,stereotypeisagossipabouttheworld,whichmakesusprejudgepeoplebeforewereallylayeyesonthem,henceitisakindofprejudice.1. Inparagraphs1to4,theauthordescribestypicalexamplesofstereotyping.Whydoeshelistsomanyexamples?Whatarestereotypesaccordingtohim?Unit8:Readingcomprehension2.Whenandhowdowelearntostereotype?

Welearntostereotypewhenwewerequiteyoung,fromtheWesternswecanspotGoodguysfromBadguys.Wealsohavethestandardizedpicturesofstereotypesthrustuponusasgrownups.ReferenceUnit8:Readingcomprehension3. WhatisanotherwordforprejudiceinHeilbroner’sessay?Arethereanyothersynonymsofthiswordinthetext?

Anotherwordforprejudiceisprejudgment.Actuallyinthetexttherearemanywordsusedbytheauthortomeanthesame,theyare:stereotype,typecast,prejudice,prejudgment,etc.Outsideofthetext,wecanalsofindsuchwordsasbias,discrimination,scapegoatsassociatedwithstereotypes.ReferenceUnit8:Readingcomprehension4. Whydowetendtostereotypepeople? Wetendtostereotypepeoplebecausewearelivinginaconfusingandbuzzingworld.Stereotypinghelpsusmakesenseoutofthiscompletelybuzzingworld.ReferenceUnit8:Readingcomprehension5. WhatdoyouthinkWalterLippmannmeanswhenhesays,“Forthemostpartwedonotfirstseeandthendefine;wedefinefirstandthenwesee”(Para.9)?Explainyouranswerindetail.

Ifwedon’tknowwhatwearelookingat,weareoftenquiteunabletoseewhatwearelookingat.Stereotypesareonewayinwhichwe“define”theworldinordertoseeit.Theyclassifytheinfinitevarietyofhumanbeingsintoaconvenienthandfuloftypestowardswhomwelearntoactinstereotypedfashion.Inaword,wearementallylazytoseetheworldbyourselves,butrather,wewouldliketohavejudgmentbeforeweresearchonthefact.ReferenceUnit8:Readingcomprehension6. Whataretheharmsofstereotypes?

1)Stereotypesmakeusmentallylazy:wedon’twantto observeourworld,weusestereotypesinstead. 2) Stereotypesgetinthewayofourjudgmentwhenwe observetheworld,thustheydoinjusticetoothers. 3) Stereotypesimpoverishourselves.Weloseourcapacity tobeourselves,i.e.theabilitytoseetheworldinourown absolutelyunique,inimitableandindependentfashion.ReferenceUnit8:Readingcomprehension7. Howdoesseeingtheworldinstereotypes“impoverish”us,accordingtoHeilbroner?

Stereotypesimpoverishusaswetendtolumptheworldintosimplecategories,beingindangerofbecomingastereotypeourselves.Wemayloseourselvesasanindependentindividualwithinimitablethoughtabouttheworld.ReferenceUnit8:Readingcomprehension8. Canwechangeastereotypicalviewoftheworld?Ifyes,howcanwechangeit?

Yes,butwecannotjustdropourstandardizedpicturesforablindvisionoftheTruthbecausesharpswingsofideasjustsubstituteonestereotypeforanother.Wehavetoundergoatrueprocessofchange,thatisaslowprocessthataddsbitsandpiecesofrealitytothepicturesinourheads,untilgraduallytheytakeonsomeoftheblurrinessoflifeitself.ReferenceUnit8:Readingcomprehension9. WhatareHeilbroner’sthreestepsfordiscardingourstereotypicalviewoftheworld?

Thethreestepstodiscardthestereotypesareasfollows:first,wecanbecomeawareofthestereotypesheldinourminds.Second,wecanbecomesuspiciousofalljudgmentsthatweallowexceptionstoprove.Third,wecanlearntobecharyofgeneralizationsaboutpeople.ReferenceUnit8:Readingcomprehension10. Inthetext,theauthormentionsseveralgroupsofpeoplestereotypedsuchasJews,Catholics,NegroesandPuertoRicans,doyouknowwhytheyarestereotyped?Canyoulistoutotherkindsofstereotypes?

JewsandCatholicsarestereotypedespeciallyforthehistoricalandreligiousreasons(JewsaretosomedegreedifferentfrommostChristiansbecauseJewsbelievetheOldTestamentofBible,andthesimilarreasonfortheCatholics)whileNegroesandPuertoRicansarestereotypedmainlyfordemographicandhistoricalreasons(bothofthemcometotheU.S.asoutsidersandconsideredbarbaric).Otherstereotypesincluderacialdiscrimination,sexdiscrimination,bias,variousprejudicesincludinggender-relatedandage-relatedprejudices,preconceptions,etc.ReferenceEx.II,p.1541. Introduction(Paras.1–6)2. Body(Paras.7–18)3. Conclusion(Para.19)TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetext1) Stereotypesareakindof_________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________Itintroduceswhatstereotypesare.Examplesaregiventoshowthatwedon’tactuallyrealizethatstereotypesarepenetratingandfunctioninginourheads.Therearethreemajorthingsaboutthedefinitionofstereotypesonthetext.TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetext

agossipabouttheworld,agossipthatmakesusprejudgepeoplebeforeweeverseethem.1. Introduction(Paras.1–7)2) Stereotypesarerelatedtoprejudice:_________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________Itintroduceswhatstereotypesare.Examplesaregiventoshowthatwedon’tactuallyrealizethatstereotypesarepenetratingandfunctioninginourheads.Therearethreemajorthingsaboutthedefinitionofstereotypesonthetext.TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetext

exploremostprejudices(prejudgment),andyouwillfindacruelstereotypeatthecoreofeachone.1. Introduction(Paras.1–7)3) Thereisafactthatwhenwehavetypecasttheworld: ______________________________________________Itintroduceswhatstereotypesare.Examplesaregiventoshowthatwedon’tactuallyrealizethatstereotypesarepenetratingandfunctioninginourheads.Therearethreemajorthingsaboutthedefinitionofstereotypesonthetext.TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetextwetendtoseepeopleinastandardizedpicture.1. Introduction(Paras.1–7)Stereotypesbeganfromchildhood:webegintotypecastpeopleinourchildhoodyears,e.g.______________________________________________________________________Whenandhowwehavestereotypes(Paras.7–10).TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetext

welearntospottheGoodguysfromtheBadguysfromTVWesterns.2. Body(Paras.7–18)B. Stereotypesaredinnedintousaswegrowup:by__________________________________________________________Whenandhowwehavestereotypes(Paras.7–10).TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetextstockjokes,advertisements,moviesandthe

books.the2. Body(Paras.7–18)C. Wetendtostereotypebecauseithelpsus_____________ ____________________________.Wehavetostereotypesomethingfirstbeforeweseeit.Whenandhowwehavestereotypes(Paras.7–10).TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetextoutofahighlyconfusingworldmake

sense2. Body(Paras.7–18)D.Theseeminglyadvantageousfeaturesofstereotypes: (1)lifewouldbeaweaningprocess___________________ ______________________________________________ (2) ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________.Whenandhowwehavestereotypes(Paras.7–10).TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetextfromscratchwitheachandeveryhumancontact.ifwehadtostart2. Body(Paras.7–18)Stereotypes

economizeonourmentaleffortandsaveusthetroubleoffindingoutwhattheworldIslikeA. Stereotypeswarpourjudgmentsbecause_____________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________.2)Harmsofstereotypes(Paras.11–14). S.I.Hayakawawrote:thedangerofstereotypesliesnotintheirexistence,butinthefactthattheybecome_________________________________.TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetextsubstitutesfor

observation2. Body(Paras.7–18)

stereotypes economizeonourmentaleffortandsaveusthetrouble offindingoutwhattheworldIslikeB.Stereotypesimpoverishapersonbecause____________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________.

heloses hiscapacitytobehimself,toseetheworldinhiswon absolutelyunique,inimitableandindependentway2)Harmsofstereotypes(Paras.11–14). S.I.Hayakawawrote:thedangerofstereotypesliesnotintheirexistence,butinthefactthattheybecome_________________________________.TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetextsubstitutes

forobservation2. Body(Paras.7–18)A. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________.3) Solutiontotheproblem: _______________________________________________ Changingfromoneextremetoanotherisanotherkindofstereotyping.Soitisaslowprocesstoaccumulatethebitsandpiecesofpicturesofrealities.Therearethreestepstospeeduptheprocessalong:TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetexthow

wecangetridofstereotypes(Paras.15–18)2. Body(Paras.7–18)Wecanbecomeawareofthestandardizedpicturesinourheads,inotherpeople’sheads,intheworldaroundusB. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________.3) Solutiontotheproblem: _______________________________________________ Changingfromoneextremetoanotherisanotherkindofstereotyping.Soitisaslowprocesstoaccumulatethebitsandpiecesofpicturesofrealities.Therearethreestepstospeeduptheprocessalong:TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetexthowwecangetridofstereotypes(Paras.15–18)2. Body(Paras.7–18)WecanbecomesuspiciousofalljudgmentsthatweallowexceptionstoproveC. _________________________________________________.3) Solutiontotheproblem: _______________________________________________ Changingfromoneextremetoanotherisanotherkindofstereotyping.Soitisaslowprocesstoaccumulatethebitsandpiecesofpicturesofrealities.Therearethreestepstospeeduptheprocessalong:TextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetexthowwecangetridofstereotypes(Paras.15–18)2. Body(Paras.7–18)WecanlearntobecharyofgeneralizationsaboutpeopleTextOutlineUnit8:Structureofthetext3. Conclusion(Para.19)Mostofthetime,whenwetypecasttheworld,wearenotcategorizingpeopleatall.Weareonlytryingtomakeknowntheshamefulanddeep-rootedstereotypicalpicturesinourheads.1. Thelackofmilitaryactionfromothercountrieshascontributedtothe___________ofthecivilwar.Unit8:Vocabularyperpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudge

perpetuationPartA,Ex.V,p.156Completethefollowingsentenceswithwordsgivenbelow,makingsurethateachwordisusedintherightform.2. His

mindis___________afterprolongedspellofidlingoutsideinbetweentheso-called“friends”ofmahjiang.Unit8:Vocabularyperpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudge

impoverished

3. Whenaskedabouttheearthquakeof20yearsago,hermind___________upablurredvisionoffireandfallingbuildings.Unit8:Vocabulary

perpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudgeconjured4. Youmustjudgeeachfilmonitsownmerits,withoutany_______________aboutwhatit’slike.perpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudgeUnit8:Vocabulary

preconceptions5. Gas-firedpowerstationswillsoon___________forlessefficientcoal-firedequipment.Unit8:VocabularyPerpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishSubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudge

substitute6. I’mabit___________ofusingatravelagencythatdoesn’tenjoyahighreputation,letaloneonethatevendoesn’thaveofficialregistration.perpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudgeUnit8:Vocabulary

chary7. Thesmallchurchinthecommunitywasprominentlyinvolvedinthestrugglethat___________thedictatorship.perpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudgeUnit8:Vocabulary

toppled8. Asayoungman,youcould___________onfoodbynoteatinginrestaurantsallthetime.perpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudge

Unit8:Vocabulary

economize9. Inthemovie,theboundarybetweenrealityandfantasywent___________.perpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudge

Unit8:Vocabulary

blurry10. Let’snot___________thesituation—weneedtohearbothsidesofthestoryfirst.perpetuateconjureeconomizetopplewarpcharyblurryimpoverishsubstitutevindicatepreconceptionprejudge

Unit8:Vocabulary

PartBprejudgePartB,Ex.V,pp.156~157Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences.Unit8:Vocabulary1. SomeSenatorsarguethatincreasingthesupplyofweaponswillonly___________theviolenceandanarchyinthatarea. A.extinguish B.demolish C.devastate D.perpetuate1. SomeSenatorsarguethatincreasingthesupplyofweaponswillonly___________theviolenceandanarchyinthatarea. A.extinguish B.demolish C.devastate

D.perpetuateUnit8:VocabularyChildrencomplainedthatparentswerealways___________intotheearsofthemtheimportanceofhardwork. A.dinning

B.clamoring C.delving D.deafeningChildrencomplainedthatparentswerealways___________intotheearsofthemtheimportanceofhardwork. A.dinning

B.clamoring C.delving D.deafeningUnit8:Vocabulary3. She’sinhereightiesnowand___________tobeabitforgetful. A.adept B.apt C.inapplicable D.impertinent3. She’sinhereightiesnowand___________tobeabitforgetful. A.adept B.apt

C.inapplicable D.impertinentTheBushAdministrationisdeterminedto___________deeperintothescandalofthespecialagents. A.fill B.scoop C.delve D.exploreUnit8:VocabularyTheBushAdministrationisdeterminedto___________deeperintothescandalofthespecialagents. A.fill B.scoop C.delve D.explore5. We’dbetter___________ourwatchesifweallwanttobethereatthesametime. A.synchronize B.harmonize C.symbolize D.systematizeUnit8:Vocabulary5. We’dbetter___________ourwatchesifweallwanttobethereatthesametime. A.synchronize

B.harmonize C.symbolize D.systematize6. Hewasdemonstrating,inhisownparticularand___________style,howtowriteabestsellingnovel. A.imitable B.comparable C.equaled D.inimitableUnit8:Vocabulary6. Hewasdemonstrating,inhisownparticularand___________style,howtowriteabestsellingnovel. A.imitable B.comparable C.equaled D.inimitable7. InaninterviewwiththeNewsweek,hedismissedrecentrumoursabouthisprivatelifeas___________. A.factual B.authentic C.fictitious D.validUnit8:Vocabulary7. InaninterviewwiththeNewsweek,hedismissedrecentrumoursabouthisprivatelifeas___________. A.factual B.authentic C.fictitious D.validThesonofthepresidentemerged___________fromthecourtafterallthechargesagainstherweredroppedbecauseofalackofevidence. A.downhearted B.unfavorable C.triumphant D.despicableUnit8:VocabularyThesonofthepresidentemerged___________fromthecourtafterallthechargesagainstherweredroppedbecauseofalackofevidence. A.downhearted B.unfavorable C.triumphant

D.despicable9. ThedecisiontowelcomeTonyintheinstitutewascompletely___________whenheprovedhimselfanexcellentresearcherwiththescientificexperiment. A.indicated B.vindicated C.announced D.toleratedUnit8:Vocabulary9. ThedecisiontowelcomeTonyintheinstitutewascompletely___________whenheprovedhimselfanexcellentresearcherwiththescientificexperiment. A.indicated B.vindicated C.announced D.tolerated10. Theassociationneedstowinbackformermemberswhohaveallowedtheirsubscriptionsto___________. A.resume B.recover C.lapse D.extendUnit8:Vocabulary10. Theassociationneedstowinbackformermemberswhohaveallowedtheirsubscriptionsto___________. A.resume B.recover C.lapse D.extendEx.VI,pp.157Chooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changethewordformwherenecessary.A“stereotype”isageneralizationaboutapersonorgroupofpersons.Wedevelopstereotypeswhenweareunableor1)____________toobtainalloftheinformationwewouldneedtomake2)__________judgmentsaboutpeopleorsituations.Intheabsenceofthe“totalpicture,”stereotypesinmanycasesallowusto“fillintheblanks.”Oursocietyofteninnocentlycreatesand3)________stereotypes,butthesestereotypesoftenleadtounfairdiscriminationandpersecutionwhenthestereotypeis4)____________.perpetuatecontainmeetwearunwillingfairunfavorablethreatenseerootassumeresorttotalfirsthandvirtualviewabundantcontinueportraystereotypicalUnit8:Cloze

Tobecontinued...fairunfavorableunwillingperpetuate

Forexample,ifwearewalkingthroughaparklateatnightandencounterthreeseniorcitizens5)____________furcoatsandwalkingwithcanes,wemaynotfeelas6)____________asifwewere7)____________bythreehighschool-agedboyswearingleatherjackets.Whyisthisso?Wehavemadeageneralizationineach8)____________.Thesegeneralizationshavetheir9)____________inexperienceswehavehadourselves,readaboutinbooksandmagazines,10

)____________inmoviesortelevision,orhavehadrelatedtousbyfriendsandfamily.perpetuatecasemeetwearunwillingfairunfavorablethreatenseerootassumeresorttotalfirsthandvirtualviewabundantcontinueportraystereotypicalwearingUnit8:Clozethreatenedmet

Tobecontinued...caserootsseen

Inmanycases,these11

)_______________generalizationsarereasonablyaccurate.

Yet,in12

)____________everycase,weare13

)__________toprejudicebyascribingcharacteristicsaboutapersonbasedonastereotype,withoutknowledgeofthe14

)____________facts.Bystereotyping,we15

)_________thatapersonorgrouphascertaincharacteristics.Quiteoften,wehavestereotypesaboutpersonswhoaremembersofgroupswithwhichwehavenothad16

)____________contact.perpetuatecontainmeetwearunwillingfairunfavorablethreatenseerootassumeresorttotalfirsthandvirtualviewabundantcontinueportraystereotypicalUnit8:Cloze

firsthand

Tobecontinued...stereotypical

resorting

virtually

assume

total

Television,books,comicstrips,andmoviesareall17)_________sourcesofstereotypedcharacters.Formuchofitshistory,themovieindustry18)_________African-Americansasbeingunintelligent,lazy,orviolence-prone.Asaresultof19)_________thesestereotypedpicturesofAfrican-Americans,forexample,prejudiceagainstAfrican-Americanshasbeenencouraged.perpetuatecontainmeetwearunwillingfairunfavorablethreatenseerootassumeresorttotalfirsthandvirtualviewabundantcontinueportraystereotypicalabundantUnit8:Cloze

Tobecontinued...viewingportrayed

BiodiversityInthesameway,physicallyattractivewomenhavebeenand20)____________tobeportrayedasunintelligentorunintellectualandsexuallypromiscuous.perpetuatecontainmeetwearunwillingfairunfavorablethreatenseerootassumeresorttotalfirsthandvirtualviewabundantcontinueportraystereotypicalUnit8:Clozecontinue

v

1.一种懒散旳人轻易才思枯竭，因为他总不用脑思索。apttoAlazypersonisapttogethismindimpoverishedbecausehedoesn’tmakeuseofhisintelligenceallthetime.impoverishUnit8:TranslationPartA,Ex.VIII,pp.159~160TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.2.看到这张照片，我好像回到了无忧无虑旳学生时代。Thisphotoconjuresupmemoriesofmycarefreeschooldays.conjure

upUnit8:Translation3.他意识到他已经被大家看成是打杂跑腿旳了。typecastHerealizesnowhe’sbeentypecastasanexecutiveerrandboy.anerrandboyUnit8:Translation4.这个协会旳目旳就是为了让老式旳家