八年级下册英语第四单元知识点

八年级下册英语第四单元知识点学问是人们前进的最大动力，由于有学问，我们知道我们从哪里来，也知道我们将要到哪里去。接下来我给大家共享关于（八班级）下册英语第四单元学问，盼望对大家有所关心！

八班级下册英语第四单元学问1

重要词汇和句型

1.get(1)买getsth.forsb.==getsb.sth.为某人买某物

Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?

==Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?

(2)得到,到达Wheredidyougetthebook?

Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.

(3)使,让get+宾语+宾补使某人\某物怎么样

Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.

getsb.todosth.使某人\某物做某事

IgothimtocallJimyesterday.

(4)(渐渐)变得…Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.

Whydidtheteachergetangry?

2.howabout\whatabout后跟名词\代词\动词ing形式。

(1)向对方提出建议或恳求

Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat

(2)向对方征求看法或看法

HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?

(3)询问天气或身体状况

HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?

Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?

(4)谈话中承接上下文

I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?

I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?

3.receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.

receivealetterfrom==getaletterfrom==heardfrom收到某人的信

IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.

==IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.

==IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.

accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.

Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.

Hedidn’treceiveagoodeducationatuniversity.

Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.

4.a6--year–oldchild一个六岁的孩子

6--year–old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,

修饰后面的名词child.

数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：

afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩asix-foot-deephole一个六英尺深的洞

atwo-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子a100-meterrace一场百米赛跑aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典

5.too…to…太……而不能……

too…to…可以与enoughto和so…that…转换.

与enoughto转换时,enough前的形容词,副词必需是too后面形容词,

副词的（反义词）,并使用其否定句式.

Sheistooyoungtodothework.

sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.

与so…that…转换时,that后面的从句要用否定形式.

Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.

Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther

(2)名词,成本,费用,价钱.atallcosts不惜任何代价;atthecostof以……为代价.

Livingcostsarehigherincitiesthanthatinthecountry.

Wemuststopitatallcosts.

Aftertheearthquake,thesoldierstriedtoreachtheareaatthe

costoftheirlives.

7.pay,spend,cost,take的区分

pay花费(多少钱),主语是人.Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.

Ipaid5000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.

Spend花费(多少钱或时间),主语是人.Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.

Sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.

Ispent5000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.

Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.

cost花费(多少钱),主语是物.Sth.costsb.somemoney.

Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.

take花费(时间),Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

花费某人多少时间做某事

Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?

花费某人多少时间做某事?

IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.

Ittakesme10minutestowalktoschoolfromhome.

Itwilltakethem6monthstobuildthebuilding.

Howlongdoesittakehimtoplantthetrees?

8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleep

sleep动词,睡觉,强调动作.Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.

Hesleptfor12hoursyesterday.

sleeping,Sleep的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”

Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.

Theywokeupthesleepinggirlandaskedherwhereherparentswere.

sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的.Iamalittlesleepy.I’dliketogotobed.

asleep睡着了的.

TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.

WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?Thebabyisasleep.

fallasleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间

Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.

Helistenedtomusicandfellasleep.

beasleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间.

Hewasasleepforthreehours.

9.choose动词,“选择,选择”,过去式chose,过去分词chosen

choosetodosth.选择做某事

can’tChoosebut只得……

pickandchoose挑挑拣拣

Therearemanybookstochoosefrom.

Wechoosemikeasourleader(领导).

Willyouhelpmechooseadictionary?

Everyonecan’tchoosebutobey(听从).

It’sherhabit(习惯)topickandchoosewhileshopping.

10.present(1)礼物,礼品==giftWhynotgivehimacardasapresent?

whatcanIgethimforabirthdaypresent?

(2)目前,现在I’msorryheisoutatpresent.

Youhavetoforgetthepastandstartlivinginthepresent.

11.open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,呈现

It’snotrighttoopenotherpeople’sletters.

Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?

Thedooropenstothesouth.

Thisfactoryopenedin1998.

(2)形容词,beopen开着的,开放的

Inhisdreamtheflowersareallopen.

Mostshopsareclosedbutseveralarestillopen.

Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.

close动词,关闭,关上,合上

Pleaseclosethedoortokeepthecoldout.

closed形容词,beclosed关着的,关闭的

whenwegottotheshopitwasclosed.

12.giveaway赠送,分发giveawaysthtosb

AuntWanggaveawaythecandies(糖果)tothekids.

Johngaveawayhisnotebooktome.

（其它）（短语）giveup放弃giveback归还giveoff放出,发出(气味)

givesthtosb==givesb.sth.把某物给某人

13.ratherthan而不是……后面跟名词,代词,从句

Thecolorseemsgreenratherthanblue.

Ifyouranratherthanwalked,youwouldhavearrivedearlier.

Wedependonyouratherthanonhim.

Youshouldhelpthemratherthantheyshouldhelpyou.

prefertodosthratherthandosth.宁愿……,也不……

Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthangowithus.

Hepreferredtolistentomusicratherthanplaygames.

Wouldratherdosththandosth.宁愿……,也不……

Hewouldratherplaythanwork.

Iwouldrathertaketheslowesttrainthangotherebyair.

14.instead(1)位于句首,表示“反而,相反”

Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight.instead,IwatchedafootballmatchonTV.

Theboydidn’tsingtothemusic.Instead,hesanghisownway.

(2)位于句尾,表示“作为代替,而是”

Mrsmithwasill,somrgreenwastakinghisclassinstead.

Idon’tlikethisone,pleasegivemethatinstead.

insteadof后跟名词,代词,动名词,介词短语.表示“代替,而不是”

Ihavecomeinsteadofmybrother.Heisill.

Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator(电梯).

Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.

15.enter(1)参与==takepartin\join

Morethanonethousandsportsmenentered\tookpartinthegames.

Mybrotherhopestoenter\jointhearmynextyear.

(2)进入==comeinto\gointo

Sheentered\cameintotheroomwiththesewords.

Didyouseesomeoneenter\gointothehouse?

16.encourage动词,鼓舞,激励encouragesb.todosth.鼓舞某人做某事

Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.

OurEnglishteacherencouragesustokeepadairyinEnglish.

17.progress名词,“进步,进展”makeprogress“取得进步,取得进展”

Myparentsarepleasedwithmyprogressinlessons.

Tomisnowmakingmuch\greatprogressatschool.

Theymadenoprogressintheheavysnow.

18.suggest动词,建议,提议.后跟名词,代词,动名词和从句

shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficulty.

hesuggestedgoinghome.

whosuggestedyoustayinghere?

Isuggestedwe(should)holdameeting.

19.takeaninterestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事感爱好

否定表达是takenointerestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事不感爱好

DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?

Mostchildrentakeaninterestinplayingcomputergames.

Hetakesnointerestinplayingbasketball.

be\becomeinterestedin(doing)sth对(做)某事感爱好

I’mdeeplyinterestedinswimming.

Shebecameinterestedinsingingwhenshewasonly7yearsold.

20.ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.

提到了三种提高英语的好（方法）.

ofimprovingEnglish是介词短语作定语修饰ways.它相当与动词不定式.

ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.

===ThreegoodwaystoimproveEnglisharementioned.

Canyoufindawaytoworkouttheproblem?

==Canyoufindawayofworkingouttheproblem?

Fastisanotherwayofsayingquick.

==Fastisanotherwaytosayquick.

Mention(1)动词,“提到,提及,说起”

asmentionedabove如上所述

Heoftenmentionedhispasttome.

Nobodymentionedanythingtomeaboutit.

Didshementionwhereshewasgoing?

Youmentionedinyourletterthatyoumightbemovingabroad.

Asmentionedabove,therearemanygoodwaystolearnEnglishwell.

(2)名词,“提及,说起”

Thenewspapermadenomentionofhim.

21.makefriendswithsb.和某人交伴侣

Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?

IfinditdifficulttomakefriendswithBen.

八班级下册英语第四单元学问2

形容词

一、形容词

（一）形容词的含义：表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词。

（二）形容词的用法及位置：

1．作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。

Thenicegirlismysister.

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

2.少数形容只能作表语不能作定语：alone,afraid,ill,asleep,awake,alive,well。

3.作表语，放在系动词之后。Helookshappy.

4.作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。

Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.

Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.

5.某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，表示一类人。常见的词有：good,bad,rich,poor,

young,old,deaf,blind,black,white,living,dead。

Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.

Pleasedon’tlaughatthepoor.

6.某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式（to+动词原形）：

glad,happy,pleased

besorry,sad,sure,kind+todosth.

ready,afraid,able

easy,difficult

(三)形容词比较级和最高级的构成：

1．规章变化

（1）一般状况，直接在词尾加er\est。

(2)以不发音的字母e结尾时，加r\st。

（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，把y变为i，再加er\est。

(4)部分形容词，先双写最终一个辅音字母，再加er\est。

big,hot,fat,thin,red,

(5)部分形容词，在前面加more\most。

beautiful,careful,important,delicious,difficult,dangerous

(6)以ly结尾的形容词，在前面加more\most。

friendly(友好的),lonely（孤独的）,lovely（可爱的）

Likely（有盼望的）,daily（日常的）,lively（有生气的）

2.不规章变化

good\wellbetterbestmany\muchmoremost

bad\illworseworstlittlelessleast

farfarther(较远的)\further(进一步的)farthest(最远的)\furthest（最大程度的）

oldolder(年纪较大的)\elder（年纪最大的）oldest（较年长的）\eldest(最年长的)

(四)形容词原级的用法：

1．说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形。

Theflowersinthegardenarebeautiful.

2.有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时，用形容词原形。

Theboyistooyoung.

3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原形。

确定句：A+动词+as+形容词原形+as+B。

EnglishisasinterestingasChinese.

XiaoMingisastallasJim.

否定句：A+动词+notas\so+形容词原形+as+B。

Thisbookisnotas\sonewasthatone.

IamnotsocarefulasLucy.

否定句的结构相当于A+动词+less+形容词原形+than+B。

HethinksChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.

4.表示“A是B的几倍”：A+动词+倍数+as+形容词原形+as+B。

Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigastheirs.

Thistableistwiceaslongasthatone.

5．“A+动词+Half+as+形容词原形+as+B”表示“A是B的一半”

Herroomishalfasbigasyours.

(五)、形容词比较级的用法：

1．表示两者进行比较时，用形容词比较级：A+动词+形容词比较级+than+B

Lily’sroomisbiggerthanmine.

Thismooncakeisnicethanthatone.

2．有表示程度的副词alittle,abit,afew,alot,much,even,still,

Far,rather,any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。

Ifeelevenworsenow.Itismuchcoldertodaythanbefore.

3.表示两者之间“哪一个更、、、”：which\whois+形容词比较级,AorB?

Whoistaller,LiMingorWangTao?

Whichsweaterismorebeautiful,theyellowoneorthepinkone?

4.表示“几倍于、、、、、、”时，用“A+动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”

Iamthreeyearsolderthanyou.

5．表示“两者之间较、、、、、、的一个”，常用“the+比较级”结构。

Maryisthetallerofthetwins.

6.表示“越来越、、、、、、”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节

词和部分双音节词用“moreandmore+形容词原形”

It’sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.

Ourhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.

7.表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”时，用“the+比较级,the+比较级”

Theharderheworks,thericherheis.

Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.

(六)、形容词最高级的用法：

1．三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前必需加定冠词

the,句末常跟一个in\of短语来表示范围。

Heisthestrongestofthethreeboys.

Shanghaiisthebiggestcityinchina.

2.表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一个最、、、、、、？”用句型：

Which\whois+the+最高级,A,B,orC?

Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?

3.表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一”时，用句型：

主语+is+oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数。

ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.

4.形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几大/长/高等”

ChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.

5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词全部格等修饰，此时不用the。

Thisisourlastlesson.Yesterdaywashisbusiestday.

6.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.

==NooneisastallasLiLeiinhisclass.

==NooneistallerthanLiLeiinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthantherestofstudentsinhisclass.

（七）、--ing形容词与--ed形容词：

--ing形容词表示“令人、、、、、、的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising（令人惊异的）,exciting（令人兴奋的）,interesting（好玩的）等。--ed形容词表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人：sb.+be+--ed形容词+介词短语。如：surprised(感到惊异的),excited（感到兴奋的）,

Interested（感到好玩的）等。

Weareallexcitedabouttheexcitingnews.

（八）在同一范围内比较时，必需把主体排解在被比较的范围之外。

ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.(在同一范围内)

ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.(在不同范围内)

八班级下册英语第四单元学问3

副词：用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，主要修饰动词、形容词、其它副词

或整个（句子）。

（一）．副词的分类：

1．时间副词：now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,ago,soon,

Immediately,lately,early,sometimes,often,always,usually,already,

Yet,ever,never,seldom。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，需牢记。

2．地点副词：outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,

In,back,off,up,anywhere。

3．方式副词：quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,

fast,again。方式副词大多由“形容词+y”构成。

4．程度副词：very,quite,rather,too,much,so.

5．疑问副词：when,where,why,howlong,howsoon,howoften,

Howfar.疑问副词常用来构成特别疑问句。

6．关系副词：when,where,why,how等。关系副词常用来引导从句。

（一）副词的用法：

1．作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。

Pleaselistentomecarefully.Theboyistooyoung.

Luckily,hewasnotbadlyhurt.

2.作表语，表示方位上的变化：Myfatherwillbebackinaweek.

3.作宾语补足语。Lethimin,please.

(三)副词的位置：

1．一般副词作状语时，放在谓语动词之后，假如谓语动词之后带有宾语，则放在宾语后。

Weallstudyhard.Heisdrawingahorsecarefully.

2.频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。

Heisalwayslateforschool.

IoftengotoseemygrandparentsonSunday.

3.某些副词为了强调上下句的连接，放在句子之前。