语法5非谓语动词

知行教育学生个性化教学方案 捧着一颗心来，不带半根草去知行教育学生个性化教案本学生：1EDUCATIO(就开心) 知行教育教务处制知行教育学生个性化教学方案捧着一颗心来，不带半根草去知行教育学生个性化教学方案捧着一颗心来，不带半根草去EDUCATIOEDUCATIO)知行教育教务处制知行教育学生辅导教案学生姓名 学校 授课教师年级 上课时间 授课日期本次教学主要内容牛津高中英语－模块五第一单元一动词不定式：带to的动词不定式带to-的动词不定式的结构是to+动词原形，如，todo,towork. 它可单独使用，也可以组成动词不定式短语。Iwasdeterminedtobecheerful.to-的动词不定式可以做：句子的主语TofindabestfriendisdifficultItisdifficulttofindabestfriend.句子的宾语Ineedtosleepforeighthourseverynight.宾语补足语Iaskedhimtocomeover.定语如：Ihaveaveryimportantmeetingtoattend.同位语如：Hisintentionwastocheermeup.状语如：Mydadarrangedsomeswimminglessonstosurpriseme.to-Thingsseemtobegettingbetter.Johnpretendednottohaveseenme.二动词不定式：不带to的动词不定式可用于不带to的动词不定式的动词有let makehave （有时候）2Iletherborrowmybook.Shemademepromisetowriteeveryday.Theteacheroftenhashisstudentsreadaloudinclass.feelhearseewatchIsawhertalktohernewfriends.wouldrather hadbetterwhynotIwouldrathergoswimming.YouhadbettertidyyourbedroomWhynotvisityourcousininJapan?注：感官动词后可以接 v-ing如：Isawhertalktohernewfriend.( 见证谈话的整个过程)Isawhertalkingtohernewfriend. 一定见证整个谈话过程)当有and,or,except,but,than,ratherthan, 连接两个动词不定式时后一个不定式往往省略 to。Shetoldmetobecheerfulandlookonthebrightside.Doyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchafilm?WehadnothingtodobutwatchTV?Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.三V-ing 作名词V-ing可以充当名词用。可以被用做：做主语（指一般性的动作）Swimmingisgoodforyourhealth.做宾语（指一般性的动作）Iloveswimmingintheseaduringthesummer.介词之后如：Ikeepfitbyswimmingeveryday.物主代词之后Herswimminghasimprovedsinceshestartedtrainingeveryday.注：如果所谈论的人比较明确，那么物主代词可以省略。如：Thankyouforcoming.组成复合名词Thereisashoeintheswimmingpool.2．以下动词后面接v-ingAdmit dislike imagine delay consider mind avoid enjoy practice miss finish keep suggest以下常用词组后面接 v-ingWouldyou mind cannot help look forward to feel likecannotstand itisnouse/good putoff keepon3Wouldyoumindhelpingmewithmyhomework?Icannothelpwonderingwhyshedoesnotlikeme.Ilookforwardtoseeingyouattheparty.Idon’tfeellikedoinganythingnow.Shecannotstandseeingthatboy.Ithinkitisnousecryingaboutyourexamresultsnow.Ihadtoputoffshoppingforawhile.Hekeptonaskingmeformyphonenumber.以下动词后面可以接 v-ing 或todo，意思上几乎没有区别。Continue prefer begin hate like start一些动词后面既可以接 v-ing，也可以接todo，但意义和用法上有区别在使用时要确保形式的正确。如，forget regret remember mean try goforget+todo( 事情还没做)Heforgottoclosethedoorwhenheleft.Forget+doing )I’llneverforgetwinningmyfirstgoldmedal.第二单元一V-ing 充当形容词或副词v-ing 可作：定语v-ing Thiswillhavealastingeffect.有时候会把一个副词放在v-ing 前。如：Thatwasanextremelyinterestingspeech.v-ing 可以和副词或名词构成复合词。Thefast-growingeconomyhascausedenvironmentalproblems.Awood-burningstoveisenvironmentallyfriendly.v-ing 可以放在名词后，像定语从句一样修饰名词，v-ing 还可以被改成定语句。peoplerunningthesefactoriesareveryconcernedabouttheenvironment.=Peoplewhorunthesefactoriesareveryconcernedabouttheenvironment.表语Thisdestructionisfrightening.宾语补足语Weallfoundhisargumentconvincingandinteresting.v-ing 可放在stand,sit,lie 的后面，表示动作同时发生。4如：Theystoodtalkingtoeachother.=Theystoodwhentheyweretalkingtoeachother.v-ing有完成时态，如，havingworkedHavingworkedsidebysidewithmanyenvironmentalistsIknowthatahealthyenvironmentandstableeconomyshouldbepossibleatthesametime.二V-ing 短语v-ing Theysattheresmiling.Theysattheresmilingateachother.v-ing 短语可以表示：时间AskingaroundIfindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.askaround,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.Havingobservedtheproblemfor manyyears, heannouncedthat wearenowfacing thebiggest environmental problemofourtime. =After heobservedtheproblemfor manyyears, heannouncedthat wearenowfacing thebiggestenvironmentalproblemofourtime.原因Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenetshopingtoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.=Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,becausewehopetoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.结果Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirtyThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke.Asaresult,theairismadedirty.条件如：Preparing fully, wecanachievegreatthings. =If wepreparefully,wecanachievegreatthings.2．连词+v-ing 也可以来表示时间。常用的连词有： when whenever onceuntil如：totakeenvironmental protection into consideration developingtheeconomy.v-ing 从句的逻辑主语通常和主句的主语一致。如：Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoiseinablanket. =Whenhetraveled ontheplane like this, hekept thetortoisehiddeninablanket.4．否定形式是：not+v-ing5Hesatthere,notknowingwhattosay.第三单元一V-ed形式v-ed在句中可以充当形容词和副词的用法。v-ed可以被用作：定语v-ed放在名词的前面，像形容词一样修饰名词。 V-ed可以改成定语从句。如：If Ihadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbaby.=if Ihadthechance,Iwouldhaveababywhoiscloned.大部分名词前的v-ed 表达被动的含义。但有些 v-ed 表达过去的含义，如，escaped retired fallen 。比较下面的短语：表被动：thehighlypraisedscientist(Thescientisthasbeenhighlypraised.)表过去：theretiredscientist(Thescientisthasretired.)有时候可以把副词放在 v-ed之前如：well-trainedteachersv-ed 可以和副词或名词连用构成复合词。如：underdevelopedregion handmadefurniturev-ed可以像定语从句一样放在名词后修饰名词。如：Ithinkthescientificadvancesmentionedinyourarticleareinteresting.=Ithinkthescientificadvancesthatarementionedinyourarticleareinteresting.表语MygrandfatherwasdelightedtohearIpassedmyexams.宾语补足语Aftertherobbery,theyfoundthefrontwindowsbroken.v-ed可以接在动词后面表示动作同时发生。如： standsitlie如：Shelay trapped underthebuilding for three days.(Shelaythereandwastrapped.)二V-ed短语v-ed短语可以是v-ed单独使用，也可以后面接宾语和 /或状语如：Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed.Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.．表被动的v-ed短语可以表示：时间如：Thescientist hascopiedaassisted byrecent in medicalscience. =Thescientist hascopieda humancell, andat thattimewasassistedbyrecentadvancesinmedicalscience.6原因如：Shockedbythearticle, thealetter tothenewspaper.=Thewomanwrotealettertothenewspaperbecauseshewasshockedbythearticle.3) 条件如：Treatedwith electricity, thecell tissue will split into parts.=Ifitistreatedwithelectricity,thecelltissuewillsplitintoseveralparts.v-edthescientistwhowasassistedbyrecentadvancesinmedicalsciencethewomanwhowasshockedbythearticlethe