2023年高考英语 真题 新课标I卷讲评课件 高考英语复习

2023年新高考1卷笔试语篇话题体裁词数难度阅读A篇人与社会：自行车租赁和城市游览应用文209+82易阅读B篇人与自然：大自然的自我净化记叙文340+134中阅读C篇人与自我：极简的数字生活说明文322+107难阅读D篇人与社会：“群体智慧”效应说明文339+112难七选五人与自我：自我宽恕的方法说明文245+82中完形填空人与自我：越野赛跑运动员在比赛中将受伤的运动员背至终点就医夹叙夹议文226+64中语法填空人与社会：中国传统美食—小笼包说明文208难书面表达人与自我：对口语练习随机分组存在的问题提出建议应用文107中读后续写人与自我：学生通过老师的鼓励提升了写作信心记叙文323中总体分析导语：本文是一篇应用文，属于“人与社会”主题语境。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹MacBike公司的自行车租赁和城市游览项目的相关信息。A篇文章来源:由一个国外自行车租赁网站的几篇网站组合而成。Step1：快速浏览全文，了解文章大意Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.Prices

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.Step1：快速浏览全文，了解文章大意1.自行车租赁2.城市游览21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.

D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.找同义句解析：理解具体信息。根据WhyMacBike部分的Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,including...andchildren’sbikes.可知，MacBike公司的一个优势在于它提供多种类型的自行车。故选B。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题22.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthree

gearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.

B.€19.50.

D.€29.50.仔细审题，认真观察，

快速计算。14.75+8=22.75解析：简单推理判断。根据Prices部分的信息可知，带手刹和3个挡位的自行车一天的租费是14.75欧元，每超出一天（Eachadditionalday）的费用是8.00欧元，故两天的租费是22.75欧元。C.€22.75.Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.

B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.

D.DamSquare.GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.快速定位解析：细节理解题。根据GuidedCityTours部分的ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.可知，有导游解说的城市游览的起点是DamSquare。启程，出发Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题本文是一篇记叙文，属于“人与自然”主题语境。文章主要讲述了JohnTodd借鉴大自然溪流的自我净化功能，利用微生物和植物建立了一个生态净化机器来处理污水。B篇文章来源：HeroesoftheEnvironment_TrueStoriesofPeopleWhoAreHelping

toProtectOurPlanet[2009]--HarrietRohmer,JulieMcLaughlinStep1：快速浏览全文，了解文章基本结构Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题B【1】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.【2】Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.【3】ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).

First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.【4】Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.【5】Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.【6】

“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”Step1：快速浏览全文，了解文章基本结构24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.

B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【1】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.【2】Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.快速定位解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的explore、observing和wonder以及第二段中的observingnature和askingquestions可知，John从小就喜欢探究和观察大自然；喜欢动脑筋，善于思考，故选C。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题探索观察好奇他有求知欲。弄懂C.Hehadaninquiringmind.25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.

B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.

【3】ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.【4】Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.解析：理解具体信息。第三段首句说明了John的目的，即利用自己的装置去除污泥中的有害物质，接下来介绍了他的eco-machine的制作过程，即他首先设计了相互连接的一系列的玻璃纤维箱，然后从当地的池塘和小溪带回来了一些动植物，这些玻璃纤维箱和这些动植物逐渐形成了一个生态体系，为了测试这个生态体系是不是有自我净化功能，John把污泥放进了水箱里。选D。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题过程结果D.Totesttheeco-machine.起因26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.

C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.【5】Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.➊Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.➋Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.解析：理解目的。第五段列举了两个实例，第一个例子说明了John开发了一个类似于温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水，第二个例子说明了他开发了一个生态机器来处理福州运河的水，由此可知，作者提及福州是为了展示John想法的一个具体应用。选B。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题Example1Example227.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【1】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.【6】

“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”解析：理解具体信息。结合首尾段内容可知，John的生态净化机器是基于“大自然具有自我修复的功能”这一依据制成的。选A。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题A.Naturecanrepairitself.首尾呼应首段尾段导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与自我”主题语境。文章介绍了一本书的写作目的和框架，倡导人们要建立一种极简的数字生活方式，从而摆脱数字生活和电子设备的束缚。C篇文章来源:选自美国畅销书作家卡尔·纽坡特《深度数位大扫除》一书，这本书建议人们摒弃无用的电子信息，在喧嚣世界过专注人生。Step1：快速浏览全文，了解文章大意和基本结构Step

2：审题—快速定位（找关键词）—做题C【1】Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.【2】Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.【3】Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.【4】Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.【5】Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.

Step1：快速浏览全文，了解文章大意和基本结构

ThegoalofthisbookPartOneofthebookPartTwoofthebook【5】【2】【3】【4】【1】

本书的目标是为（践行）数字极简主义阐明理由，包括详细探讨它所要求的内容和它有效的原因。如果你认为它适合你的话，然后教你如何践行这种哲学。

为此，我将书分为两部分。在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，从调查使越来越多人的数字生活变得难以忍受的力量开始，然后详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。

第一部分以我对采用这种哲学建议的方法结尾：数字清理器。这个过程要求你暂时离开可选的在线活动30天。30天后，你将加回一些你精心挑选的，对你重视的东西有巨大好处的在线活动。

在第一部分的最后一章中，我会指导你进行自己的数字减法。在此过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一个实验。在那次实验中，1600多人同意进行数字减法。你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们所遇到的陷阱，你应该避免。

本书的第二部分更深入地探讨了一些想法，这些想法将帮助你培养可持续的数字极简主义生活方式。在这些章节中，我探讨了一些问题，如独处的重要性和培养高品质的休闲时间来代替大多数人现在花费在漫无目的地使用设备上的时间的必要性。每章的结尾都附有一系列做法，旨在帮助你依据本章的重要思想行事。你可以把这些做法视为一种工具箱，以帮助你在自己特定的情况下构建适合自己的极简主义生活方式。28.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.

B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.

D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.【1】Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.【5】Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle....倡导简单的数字生活方式看首尾段解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段的Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism以及最后一段中的Thesecondpartofthisbook…helpyoucultivateasustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.可知，这本书的主要目的是：提倡简单的数字生活方式。选B。这本书的目标是为了证明数字极简主义Step

2：审题—快速定位（找关键词）—做题29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.

B.Add-on.

C.Check-in.

D.Take-over.【3】Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.清理快速定位解析：理解词汇。根据画线单词后的句子Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivities…carefullychosenonlineactivities…benefitstothethingsyouvalue.可知，数字declutter要求我们先远离一些线上活动，然后挑选出一些对我们有益的线上活动，故可推知，划线单词的意思为“清理、整理”。选A。补充登记接管Step

2：审题—快速定位（找关键词）—做题30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.

B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.

D.Historicalanalyses.【4】Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.解析：理解具体信息。根据第四段中的Inthefinalchapterofpartone以及最后一句You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategies…theyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.可知，这一章节主要讲述了一些实验参与者的事例供读者参考。选C。Step

2：审题—快速定位（找关键词）—做题理论模型统计方法实际案例历史分析31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesoffered

in

parttwo?

B.Recommendthemto

friends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.

D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【5】Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.解析：理解具体信息。根据最后一段末句Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeant可知，作者建议人们根据自己的特殊情况，运用这些做法来帮助自己形成极简的数字生活方式。选A。Step

2：审题—快速定位（找关键词）—做题A.Usethemasneeded.

导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与社会”主题语境。文章主要介绍了“群体智慧”效应的原理以及一项新研究的发现。D篇文章来源:文章选自美国国家公共电台发表于2018年3月12日标题为NoManIsAnIsland:TheWisdomOfDeliberatingCrowds的文章。Step1：快速浏览全文，了解文章大意或基本结构Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题D【1】OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.【2】Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.【3】ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.【4】Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.Step1：快速浏览全文，了解文章大意

1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯·加尔顿发表了一篇论文，阐述了所谓的“群体智慧”效应。他进行的估计实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计的平均值可能相当准确。

这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人会倾向于高估，甚至低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。

但由华金·纳瓦哈斯领导的一项新研究提供了一个有趣的转折点(转折)关于这一经典现象。这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。

在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？这种情况有时会发生，但并不是主要的反应。最常见的情况是，这些团体报告说，他们“共同论证和推理”。不知何故，这些论证和推理导致了错误的全球减少。尽管纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。【2】Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.

B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.

D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.解析：理解主旨大意。通读第二段的内容可知，第二段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑：即大量独立估算的平均值可以消除误差从而使预测更准确。

这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人会倾向于高估，甚至低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题排除法【3】ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.33.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif

________.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicate估算不完全独立解析：理解具体信息。根据第三段中的Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthat…可知，当群体被进一步分成更小的小组且被允许进行交流和讨论时，这些估算值的准确率会提高。选D。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent解析：推断。根据第四段中的…theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.可知，研究人员想更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么才使估算准确率提高，因此，后续研究关注的重点是小组内的讨论过程。选C。【4】Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.

B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.

D.Theindividualestimates.Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题【4】Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,

Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?

A.Unclear.

B.Dismissive.

C.Doubtful.

D.Approving.不明朗鄙视怀疑解析：理解观点、态度。根据最后一段AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.可知，作者认为虽然Navajas进行的研究有局限性和许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。后半句是作者想要表达的重点，因此作者是持“赞许、支持的”态度的。Step

2：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题肯定导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与自我”主题语境。文章主要介绍了自我宽恕的方法。七选五Step

1:

快速浏览、把握大意Step

2:分析7个选项、做好标记Step

3:分析空格位置、准确对应三分法PersonalForgiveness【1】Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.36Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.【2】Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”37Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.【3】Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.38

【4】Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.39Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.【5】It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.40We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.自我宽恕读标题和首句Step

1:

快速浏览、把握大意1、为错误承担责任而不是自责。2、搜集自己的“个人优点”。3、罗列自己的“善举”。4、从朋友或家人那里找到自己的“好”。5、从他们的错误中学习。A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.标记:句式（祈使句、半句、疑问句）或词汇（名词、代词、连词）等。

技巧1：选项中的代词不一样时，借助指代一致锁定答案

技巧2：选项中的名词不一样时，借助对象一致锁定答案

技巧3：选项中的连词不一样时，借助逻辑一致锁定答案Step2:分析7个选项、作好标记PersonalForgiveness【1】Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.36Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.指代上文中出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词36.找指代项Step3:分析空格位置、准确对应犯错是人之长情，因此宽恕自己很重要1、为错误承担责任而不是自责。【2】Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”37Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.37.瞻前顾后Step3:分析空格位置、准确对应37.解析：此空设于段中，与下文存在