何兆熊综合英语四册Unit

何兆熊综合英语四册Unit非言语要点：eyecontactvocalvarietygesturesandbodylanguage

Smileandglanceattheaudience;

微笑并看着观众；

Startveryslowly,withyourshouldersbackandyourchinup;

开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态；

Wearyourverybestclothes;

穿上自己最好的衣服；Eyecontact

Moveyoureyesslowlyfrompersontoperson,andpausetwoorthreesecondswitheachlistener;

Lookatpeoplestraightorlookatthebridgeoftheirnosesorchins;

Lookforthefriendlierfacesandsmileatthemonebyone,thenmoveontothemoreskepticalmembersandsmileatthemonebyonealso;

Imaginetheaudienceinbathrobesincaseyouarenervous.NOsinpublicspeaking

rapid;monotone;highpitch;noenoughemotionorpassion;Talkingdowntotheaudience;toomany"big"words;

noconcreteexamples;unfamiliartechnicaljargonorslang;

Disorganizedandrambling

Indirectcommunicationi.e.beatingaroundthebush；

UnitOne

TextINeverGiveIn，Never，Never，NeverTextI

NeverGiveIn,Never,NeverBackgroundinformation:Bywhom?where?Why?when?ThistextisaspeechmadebyChurchillwhenhevisitedHarrowSchoolonOct.29,1941.In1940hecametothisschoolforashortvisitandhecameagainayearlatertohearthetraditionalsongsofthisschool.HarrowSchoolAngryChurchillByronPre-readingQuestionsDoyouknowwhenandhowWorldWarIIbrokeout?Whatelsedoyouknowaboutit?WhatdoyouknowofWinstonChurchill?ThetwosidesduringWorldWarII轴心国

同盟国axispowersalliedpowersGermanyItalyJapanAmericaBritainRussia

Nazi['nɑ:tsi:]---advocateofNazism

fascist---fascism

dictator

aformofsocialismfeaturingracismandexpansionismandobediencetoastrongleaderAdolphHitler

menace

liquidate

mussolini:[.musə'li:ni(:)]

LeaderofItalianfascistsanddictatorJosephStalin

FranklinD.RooseveltChurchillachievedinhislifetimeasastatesman.anartist,awriterandasoldierForyourreference

WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)

GreatestmodernBritishstatesman:HewasadirectdescendantfromthefirstDukeofMarlborough,thesonofLordRandolphChurchill.AfteranearlycareerasanarmyofficerandwarcorrespondenthebecameaConservativememberofParliament,in1901,changingtotheLiberalsin1905.Hewashomesecretary(内政大臣)(1910-11),adynamicfirstlordoftheadmiralty(海军大臣)(1911-15),andheldvariousgovernmentposts(1917-22).HewasConservativechancelloroftheexchequer(财政大臣)(1924-29),butinthe1930shisunpopulardemandsforwarpreparednesskepthimfrompower.InWorldWarIIhewasfirstlordoftheadmiralty(1939-40)andprimeminister(1940-45).Assuchhebecameoneofthegreatwarleaders,leadingGreatBritainthroughWorldWarII;hisoutstandingoratorymaintainedBritain'smorale,andhewasoneofthemainshapersofAllied(同盟国的)strategyworkingcloselywithAmericanPresidentRoosevelt.renownedforhiscourage,imagination,oratoryandintellectApostwarreactioncosthispartythe1945election,buthewasagainprimeministerlater(1951-55).

Inhislateryears,hespentmuchtimewritinghistoryoftheEnglish-speakingpeopleandpainting.Churchillpublishedseveralworks,includingTheSecondWorldWar(1948-1953),andwonthe1953NobelPrizeforliterature.acombinationofsoldier,writer,orator,artistandstatesmanWinstonChurchillTextComprehension

WhatisChurchill’spurposeofmakingthespeech?Toencouragepeopletoholdoninthesternsituation.StructuralAnalysisPartI(Paragraph1)openingremarks:ChurchillsummarizedthegreateventsthathadhappenedintheworldwithGreatBritaininparticularandthentalkedaboutthepurposeofhisvisittoencouragethewholenationtofightagainsttheNazis.PartII(Paragraphs2-5)bodyofthespeech:ChurchillanalyzedtheworldsituationandhowothercountrieslookedatBritainandthencalledontheBritishpeoplenottogivein.

PartIII(Paragraphs6-8)closingremarks:Bychangingawordintheadditionalverseoftheschoolsong,Churchillexpressedhisconvictionthatthisnationwasdeterminedtofightforthevictoryofthisgreatwar.Anaturalwit在英国首相丘吉尔80岁生日茶话会上，一名年轻的记者对丘吉尔

说：“首相先生，我真希望明年还能来祝贺您的生日。”

丘吉尔拍拍记者的肩膀说：“记者先生，你这么年轻，身体又这么壮，

应该是没问题的。”

GeneralQsStyleToneStructureMainidea

Style:Aspeech/argumentationPrevailingtone:Optimisticandencouraging/inspiringThestructuralanalysis?PartI(Para.1):Theopeningremark.PartII(Para.2-5):Thebodyofthespeech.PartIII(Para.6-8):Theclosingremarks.Employingwhattechniques?PartI:detailedstudyQs:1.Howdoesanoratorbeginhisspeech?

Toshowavideooraslide.Totellastory(aboutyourself/sbyouraudienceknow);Toacknowledgetheoccasionofthegathering；

Topaythelistenersacompliment；

Toquote；

Touseunusualstatistics；

Toasktheaudienceachallengingquestion；Howdoesitachievetheeffectiveness?

Byemployingrhetoricaldevices.what?Antonym/rhetoricalQ/parallelismUpsanddownsThesweetsandbittersRosesandthornsRiseandfallEbbandflowViceandvirtueFormallydressedHarrowstudentslockarmstokeeptheirenthusiasticschoolmatesfromoverwhelmingPrimeMinisterSirWinstonChurchillashepaidavisittohisoldschooltojointheannual"SingSong,"atraditionalsongfest.ParagraphAnalysis

OpeningRemarks:

Paragraph1Q:WhatwasChurchill'sintentionofsingingsomeoftheirsongs?A:AttheinitialstageoftheSecondWorldWar,GreatBritainwasfightinginisolationagainstNaziFascists.SomeBritishpeopledoubtedwhethertheirnationcouldwinthewarwiththeirownefforts.ChurchillwantedtoconveytheconvictionofthegovernmenttotheBritishpeoplethroughthesesongsandencouragethemnottogivein.LanguageWork

Paragraph11.atyourHeadMaster’skindinvitation受你们校长的好心邀请atprep.inaccordwith,followingOtherexamples:atone‘srequest

依照/应…的请求E.g.Wecameatyourmother’srequest.atone‘sdisposal

听凭…自由处理,由…做主,由…随意支配、使用E.g.Iput/left/placedmycarathisdisposal.

atone’scommand

由…支配;听…吩咐,奉…之命E.g.Heofferedmeallthemoneyathiscommand.Itwasdoneatthequeen’scommand.I’matyourcommand.我随时听候您的吩咐。atone'sservice

随时供…使用;随时为…提供服务/效劳E.g.Mycarisatyourservice.Ifyouneedanyhelp,Iamatyourservice.随时为您服务/效劳；请随时吩咐atone‘spleasure:asonewishesordesires随…的意愿;随意,请便E.g.Youmaygoorstayatyourpleasure.atone’sconvenience

在…方便时E.g.Pleasedoitatyourconvenience.Pleasesendthegoodsatyourearliestconvenience.从速、尽快2.Synonyms:disaster,calamity,catastrophe(referringtoaneventhavingfatalorruinousresults“灾难”)disaster:generallyimpliesgreatdestruction,hardship,orlossoflife；尤指“不可预测的意外事件所造成的灾难或不幸”((e.g.naturaldisasters:agreatfloodorfire,anearthquake;aseriousdefeatinwar;thelossofalargesumofmoney)adj.disastrouscalamity:emphasizesdistress,grief,orthesenseoflossE.g.“theheaviestcalamityinEnglishhistory,thebreachwithAmerica”(JamesGeorgeFrazer).“英国历史上最沉重的灾难，是和美国关系的破裂“（詹姆斯·乔治·弗雷泽）。adj.calamitouscatastrophe:especiallystressesthesenseofatragicfinaloutcome指“突然而来造成极大苦难及毁灭的大灾难”或“异常的灾祸”,含“最终结局无法补偿之意”adj.catastrophic3.upsanddowns:alternatingperiodsofgoodandbadfortuneorspirits.高低起伏;沉浮,兴衰,顺逆,荣枯：好运和坏运（或好心情和坏心情）的交替变换的时期E.g.Withconstantupsanddownsaswellasnumerousturnsandtwistsalongtherangeofhillsitsitson,Badalinglooksverymuchlikeadragonwithimposingmagnificence.

八达岭高低起伏,曲折绵廷,宛若苍龙,气势磅礴。TheupsanddownsofpitchmakesspeakingChinesesoundlikesinging.声调的抑扬起伏使中国人说话像唱歌。WhataretheUpsanddowns?6,1940:France1940.7～10.31:Blitz(bombersassaultedLondon)6,1941:Poland6,1941:GermanydeclaredwarontheSovietUnion7,1941:Roosevelt’sintentionofstandingbyGreatBritain8,1941，Roosevelt,Churchill/AtlanticCharterprovidingaidfortheSovietUnion----12,1941:AttackonPearlHarbour1940年在“不列颠空战”中，德军共出动飞机416万多架次，向英国投掷6万吨炸弹，炸死炸伤英国居民8.6万余人，炸毁100多万栋建筑物，英军以915架飞机和414名飞行员的代价摧毁了1733架德机，击毙和俘获6000名德国飞行员，取得了空战的胜利.

Translate:邓小平一生中经历过“三落三起”。DengXiaopingexperiencedthreeupsanddownsinhislife.我感到很幸运,人生无论得意失意,总有你相伴在身旁。Ifeelluckytohaveyou

thatstaytogetherwithmethroughlife’supsanddowns.回首过去的一百年,两国关系跌宕起伏。Thepastcenturyhasseenupsanddownsoftherelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.

4.theunmeasured

menaceoftheenemy:theimmenseorimmeasurablethreatordangeroftheenemyattackunmeasuredadj.1)notmeasured2)beyondmeasure;withoutlimitsE.g.theunmeasuredvastnessofsolarsystemThereducedefficiencyinfeedutilizationcanproduceunmeasuredeconomiclosses.饲料利用率降低可造成了不可估量的经济损失。Synonyms:unlimited,limitless,boundless,endless,measureless,immeasurable,infinite,immense,vast5.lulln.arelativelycalminterval;anintervaloflessenedactivity暂停，间歇，稍止E.g.a

lull

in

sales/wind/conversationTranslate:这只是暴风雨前的暂时平静。This

is

just

the

lull

before

the

storm.经过两星期的间歇以后，地面战斗又突然爆发了。Groundfightingflaredupagainafteratwo-weeklull.v.1)causetosleeporrestE.g.lullsomeonetosleep

Translate:

我们花了一整夜时间才把婴儿哄睡着。It

took

us

all

night

to

lull

the

baby

to

sleep.2)makeorbecomecalmorlessactive使平静，使平息;消除，缓和E.g.Thesealulled/waslulled.海浪平息了.lullsb.’sfears(suspicious)消除某人恐惧(猜疑)Translate:

时间和空间上的远距离有一种奇妙的力量，可以使人的心灵平静。

Greatdistanceineithertimeorspacehaswonderfulpowertolullthehumanmind.3)deceive(intotrustfulness,etc.)哄骗;麻痹（斗志等）E.g.NorwillIallowyesterday'ssuccesstolullmeintotoday'scomplacency,forthisisthegreatfoundationoffailure.我也不因昨日的成功而满足，因为这是失败的先兆。Translate:

这会使他们产生一种虚假的安全感。Thiswilllullthemintoafalsesenseofsecurity.lullaby

n.催眠曲,摇篮曲6.turnup1)makeone’sappearance,arrive露面,来到Translate:

我们请她吃饭她都不露面.Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidn'tevenbothertoturnup/showup.2)befound(东西)被找到Translate:

我担保你的手表准有一天能找到.I'msureyourwatchwillturnuponeofthesedays.3)(ofanopportunity,ect.)happenunexpectedlyTranslate:Justlookcarefullyandbepatient,andsomethingwillturnup.只要仔细观察,有耐心,你就总会有所收获。ParagraphAnalysis

BodyoftheSpeech:

Paragraphs2-5Inthispart,Churchillconcentratedonthepurposeofhisspeech,i.e.toinspirethepeoplealloverthecountry,menandwomen,oldandyoung,tomaintaintherelentlessspiritofthisnationandtofightforthefinalvictoryofthisgreatwar.Q1:WhatdidChurchillmeanbysaying"wemustlearntobeequallygoodatwhatisshortandsharpandwhatislongandtough"?A1:BysayingthishemeanttomaketheBritishpeoplefullyawarethattheyshouldnotonlybeabletofightandwinshortandquickbattlesbutalsobereadytofightandwinhardandenduringwars.Q2:WhydidChurchillquoteKiplingassaying"treatthosetwoimpostorsjustthesame"?A2:BecausehetriedtoenlightentheBritishpeoplefromanotherperspectivebyimplyingthattheyshouldtreattriumphsanddisastersofthewarinthesameway.Sometimestriumphswerejustovertphenomena,whichcouldmisleadpeopletoawrongconception.Anddisasterswerenotasfrighteningastheyseemedtobe,andweshouldnotfeeldiscouraged.ThemassiveairforceofNaziFascistswasstronginappearance,butitcouldbedefeatedsoonerorlater.Q3:Whatlessonhadtheylearntinthepasttenmonths?A3:Thelessonlearntthroughoutthepasttenmonthswasthatwhenfacinggreatdifficulties,oneshouldnevergivein.Withthereasonablecombinationofimaginationandcourage,theBritishpeoplecouldovercomeanykindofdifficultiesandsmashanyattackofthemightyenemy.Q4:WhatisthechangeinthewidespreadmoodreferredtoinParagraph5?A4:Tenmonthsago,Hitler'sairforcesstruckBritainandthewholenationwasthrownintodisorderandunease.ManyothernationsthoughtthatthisnationwouldbeconqueredsoonjustaswhathadhappenedtoFrance.Butwhentheygatheredinthesameschooltenmonthslater,theyhadaccumulated,inadditiontobetterarmament,sufficientstrengthandconfidencetofightagainsttheNazitroops.LanguageWork

Paragraphs2-51.putthrough1)make…pass(through…);bringtoasuccessfulend使穿过、通过;做成E.g.putthestringthroughtheholeinthehandleofthebrush

putthroughanumberofnewlaws/putthelawthroughtheparliament

putthoughabusinessdeal完成一桩交易2)causetoundergo使经历；使经受、遭受E.g.Thetraineeswereputthroughanexhaustingassaultcourse.受训的队员参加了令人筋疲力尽的突击课程.Translate:

你让你全家受了不少苦.Youhaveputyourfamilythroughmuchsuffering.3)makeatelephoneconnectionfor接通电话线E.g.Pleaseputme/thiscallthroughto5543322,extension201.请给我接5543322转201分机2.throwone’smindbackto:recollect,recalltomind,bringtomemoryE.g.Pleasethrowyourmindbackto1945,whenpeopleallovertheworldwereengagedinagreatandcruelwaragainsttheFascists.Translate:

他的故事使我想起另一个故事。

Hisstorythrewmymindbacktoanother.Synonyms:

remember,recall,recollect(sharedmeaning:“tobringanimageorathoughtbacktothemind”)remember系常用词,指过去的事情仍在记忆中,不必费劲就能想起:“记住,记得”E.g.Ican’trememberhisname.recall指对自己或他人的过去进行有意的回忆:“回忆,回想;想起”E.g.Letmerecallwhathesaid.recollect

含义与recall接近,但较为正式,指“力图想起久已忘记或稍有点印象的事情”E.g.Lookingattheseoldphotos,herecollectedthegoodolddays.HowdoyouunderstandKipling’s…?Don’tbecomedizzywithsuccessandbeknockeddownbyfailures,knowinghowtodealwiththembecausetheyareinterchangeable.KiplingTheJungleBook

KIPLING吉祥物小猴子，吉普林笔下脍炙人口的作品《丛林之书》中的主角它讲述一个弃婴在森林中由百兽养大的故事，而被奉为吉祥物。Kipling系列休闲包，世界顶级品牌。'swɔstikə]3.Appearancesaredeceptive/deceitful.

Neverjudgefromappearances.

[谚]外表不可靠;不可只看表面现象。Otherusefulexpressions:Youcannottellfromappearancesthat…

不能凭表象判断…keepupanappearance装点门面,装阔气E.g.Hewasbadlyoff,buthemanagedtokeepupappearance.

他虽然穷，但总算保住了体面。Theycannotevenkeepanappearanceofunity.他们甚至连表面团结都维持不了。4.imaginationmakesthingsoutfarworse:

whatoneimaginestendstobeworsethanrealitymakeout：seeorunderstandesp.withdifficulty勉强看出、认出；理解Translate:黑暗中我看不清他的表情。InthedarknessIcouldnotmakeouttheexpressiononhisface.她这个人真怪!我根本无法了解她。Whatastrangepersonsheis!Ican'tmakeheroutatall.5.addressoneselfto1)(fml.)makeaspeechto,speaktoE.g.Thepresidentwasaddressinghimselfto/addressingthemeeting.2)directspeechorwritingto针对…而说；针对…而写,论述E.g.Sheaddressedherselftoallofus.她是针对大家而说的。3)workat;bebusywith从事于;致力于E.g.It’stimeweaddressedourselvestothebusinessinhand.6.nevergiveinexcepttostrongconvictionsofhonourandgoodsense:nevergiveinunlessweareconvincedthatitishonourableandsensibleforustodoso.

convictionn.

1)veryfirmandstrongbelief

坚信；信念Translate:我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源.It'smyconvictionthatcomplacencyisattherootofourtroubles.2)findingapersonguilty判决有罪，定罪convict

v.find…guilty宣告有罪E.g.Thecriminalwasconvictedofrobbery.7.ouraccountwasclosed:wewerecompletelydefeatedbyenemytroopscloseanaccountwith

与...结清帐目、停止交易，在...关闭户头openanaccountwith

在...开户头

settle/balance/squareone’saccountwith

与...结清帐目;(跟某人)算账、将恩怨作一了断,(向某人)报复8.liquidate1)payoff/settle(adebt,etc.)清偿;偿还E.g.Thegovernmentmadeeveryefforttostabilizetheeconomybyliquidatingthenationaldebt.政府以清偿国家债务力谋稳定经济。2)arrangetheendofbusinessfor(acompany)bydividingupitspropertytopaydebts清理,清算(公司,企业的帐目),停业E.g.UnfortunatelyIhad

toleavemyposition,asmyemployerha的beenforcedtoliquidatehisbusinessduetotheworldwideeconomicadversity.很不幸地，我不得不离职，因为这一次世界性的经济不景气，使我的雇主不得不结束业务。3)putanendto;abolish;kill结束,肃清,消灭E.g.HitlertriedtoliquidatetheJewsinGermany.希特勒试图全部消灭德国的犹太人。Translate：这些人很危险,得马上把他们消灭掉。Thesemenaredangerous;theymustbeliquidatedimmediately.9.Britainhaddrawnaspongeacrossherslate：Britainwascompletelywipedout.drawaspongeacrosstheslate:wipeouttheslatewithaspongeslate:

（粉笔可在上面写字的）石板，木板passthe/aspongeoversth.:wipeout;agreetoforget(anoffence,etc.)抹去,勾销;忘却(嫌隙),不念(旧恶)wipetheslatecleanstartwithacleanslate:makeanewstartwithpasterrors,disagreementforgotten改过自新；重新开始；忘却嫌隙，重归于好10.standinthegap:

首当其冲,承受最厉害的攻击,独当难局;挺身阻挡

勇敢捍卫E.g.Atthecriticalmomentofworldeconomicrecession,apowerfulgovernmentisneededtostandinthegap.11.flinch:moveback,shrinkfromsomethingunpleasantordifficultasinfearoranxiety退缩；畏缩E.g.Thesight,bloodyandblack,madeBiggerflinchinvoluntarilyandlifthishandstohiseye.那景象--黑乎乎的，血肉模糊--使别格不由自主地向后缩去，举起双手捂住眼睛。Translate：Kate并不因为快要死去而畏缩，只是不愿离开她所爱的人。Katedidnotflinchatthethoughtofdying.Butshehatedthepossibilityofleavingherbelovedones.我们不应该惧怕承担生活的责任。Weshouldn'tflinchfromtheresponsibilitiesoflife.12.wehaveonlytoperseveretoconquer:wehavenochoicebuttoholdonuntilvictorycomesperseverev.continuefirmlyinspiteofdifficulties坚忍不拔,坚持不懈E.g.Talentisworthlessunlessyoupersevereindevelopingit.persevering

adj.

E.g.Heisaperseveringstudent.他是个有恒心的学生。perseverance

n.

毅力ParagraphAnalysis

ClosingRemarks:

Paragraphs6-8Inthisconcludingpart,Churchillreiteratedhisinspirationsbychangingawordinaverseofatraditionalsong.Q:WhydidChurchillreplacetheword"darker"with"sterner"?A:Becausehehadastrongconvictionofvictory.Theword"darker"carriesapessimistictone,foritindicates"aperiodofunpleasantandfrighteningtime"andimplieshopelessnessinadifficultperiod.Buttheword"sterner",althoughithastheidenticalreferent,suggeststhebrightsideofthesituationandshowsChurchill'soptimisticview.Bychangingtheword,ChurchillwantedtoconveytotheBritishpeoplethemessagethatalthoughtherewerestillgreatdifficultiesahead,GreatBritainwouldprevailintheend.LanguageWork

Paragraphs6-81.inone’shonor/inhonorof

为向...表示敬意,为纪念,为庆祝,为祝贺…Translate:为大使举办了一个欢送会。

AfarewellpartywasheldinhonoroftheAmbassador.这座纪念碑是为了纪念革命烈士而树立的。Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftherevolutionarymartyrs.2.

Compare:,complimentcomplementn./v.(somethingthat)completesormakesperfectE.g.Thiswinecomplementsthefoodperfectly./Afinewineisaperfectcomplementtoagoodmeal.complimentn./v.

(make)

anexpressionofpraiseoradmiration恭维；称赞E.g.Theycomplimentedthehostesson/gavethehostessacomplimentonthemealsheprepared.3.venturev.

1)beboldenoughtosayofdosth.thatmaybeopposedorconsideredfoolish冒昧地说,大胆地说;胆敢；大胆进行E.g.ventureanopinion/objection/explanation

敢于表明观点、表示异议、进行辩解Iventuretodisagreewith/differfromyou.Iventuretosay/guessthat…恕我冒昧地说…Iwouldventuretosaythatinthenearfuturethedistinctionbetweenthesexeswillbecomeahistoricterm.我敢说……,ifImayventuretosayso.…,恕我冒昧这样说Translate:

我可以冒昧提个改动意见吗？

MayIventuretosuggestachange?我刚试探着开口说话，立刻就遭到他的厉声驳斥。ThemomentIventuredtospeak,Iwasatoncecontradictedwithasnap.2)takeariskE.g.Nothingventured,nothinggained.[谚]不入虎穴,焉得虎子。Theexplorersventuredforthtodiscovernewlands.探险家冒险去发现新地域.Heventuredoutintothestorminathickcoat,hatandscarf.他身穿厚大衣，头戴帽子，系了围巾，冒着暴风雨出去了。

Howtoclose

Torepeatyouropening;

Tosummarizeyourpresentation;

Toclosewithananecdote;

Toendwithacalltoaction;

Toaskarhetoricalquestion;

Tomakeastatement;

Toshowanoutlineofyourpresentation.

RhetoricalfeaturesChurchill’soutstandoratoryisstillwell-rememberedtoday.Hisevocativeandstirringrhetoric,employedinmanyfamousspeechesduringWWII,isseenasrepresentingthespiritofwartimeBritain.Repetition(thetitle,Paragraph4)Metaphor(“drawaspongeacrossherslate”’,“stoodinthegap”,Paragraph5)Antonyms

(ups/downs,short/long,triumph/disaster,great/small,large/pettydark,days/greatdays)DoyouthinkitispossibletoavoidWorldWarIII?Why?DiscussionSpeechAppreciationListentoandappreciatethefollowingspeechmadebyWinstonChurchillonMay13,1940

Famouslinefromit:

"IhavenothingtoofferbutBlood,Toil,TearsandSweat."VideoClipWatchavideoclipaboutWinstonChurchillandpreparetododictationexercise.WinstonChurchill,LifeMagazine'sManofTheCentury,firstmadeanameforhimselfasa___(1)___soldierintheBoerWar.By1910,hemadeanamein___(2)___asBritain'sHomeSecretary.He___(3)___manyposts,includingfirstLordoftheAdmiraltybefore___(4)___PrimeMinisterin1940.WithBritain___(5)___aloneagainstHitler,heexpertly___(6)___bothFranklinRooseveltandJosephStalinintoanalliancethateventually___(7)___theNazis.Ironically,themanwholedEnglandfrom___(8)___tovictorywasvotedoutmonthslater.Uponlearningthenewsinthe___(9)___,hereplied:"Thatisdemocracy.That'swhatwe'vebeenfightingfor.Handmemytowel."Hewasre-electedin1951and___(10)___asSirWinstononApril24,1953.KeytoDictation(1)

daring

(2)

politics

(3)

filled

(4)

becoming

(5)

standing(6)

orchestrated

(7)

crushed

(8)

despair

(9)

bath

(10)

knightedII.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords'.1.catastrophically 2.deceptive3.convictions 4.apparently5.perseverance 6.flinches7.ventured 8.sternerIII.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordorphrasetakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.1.put...through2.addressedhimselfto3.wasgoingthrough4.Throwingourmindsbackto5.yieldedto 6.closeanaccount7.upsanddowns8.misfortunesIV.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphraseineachsentence.1.current2.shown3.frequently4.depressed5.tryharder6.takesin

Grammarexercises(P8-9)II.Improvethefollowingsentences.1.Skateboardingisbothexcitinganddangerous.2.Theschoolteachesshorthand,bookkeepingandtheuseofbusinessmachines.3.Thenursewrotedownmyname,addressandage.4.Thesentenceisdifficulttounderstandnotbecauseofthetechnicalvocabularybutbecauseofthefaultysyntax.

5.Mariancouldnotdecidewhethertostartcollegefightafterhighschoolortogetajobfirst.6.TheAlliesdecidedtoinvadeItalyandthentolaunchamassiveassaultontheNormandycoast.7.Theactorwasstunnednotonlybythenoiseofbooingbutalsobythesightofflyingtomatoes.8.SmokingcigarettescanbeasdangerousasplayingRussianroulette.IV.Putthefollowingintothenegative.1.Don'tletusspeakofdarkerdays.2.Don'tmissyourappointmentwithoutlettingthedoctorknowinadvance.3.Don'tusemorewaterthannecessary.4.Don't!etthechildrengoswimmingalone.5.Don'tcrossthestreetwithou