2023年上海有机化学研究所考研英语练习题100道（附答案解析）

年上海有机化学研究所考研英语练习题100道（附答案解析）

第1题【单选题】Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A、arebeingB、hasbeenC、hadbeenD、havebeen【正确答案】B【答案解析】本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的hasbeen.关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。第2题【单选题】Theywere,byandlarge,averywealthy,privileged[elite].A、元素B、住所C、精英D、裁定【正确答案】C【答案解析】[elite]n.精英；精华；中坚分子。第3题【单选题】________thefewwhohavefailedintheirexamination,alltheotherstudentsinthehallareinveryhighspirits.A、InspitethatB、ButforC、ApartfromD、Forthesakeof【正确答案】C【答案解析】apartfrom“除之外”，只有该词组符合题意。第4题【单选题】ForanygiventaskinBritaintherearemorementhanareneeded.Strongunionskeepthemthere.InFleetStreet,homeofsomeofLondon'sbiggestdailies,itisunderstoodthatwhentwounionsquarreloverthreejobstheargumentissettledbygivingeachuniontwo.Thatmeans33percentovermanning,33percentlessproductivitythancouldbeobtained.WhathappenswhendisputesoverjobopportunitiesariseamongBritishunionsA、Thirtythreepercentoftheworkerswillbeoutofwork.B、Morejobswillbecreatedbytheunion.C、Morepeoplewillbeemployedthannecessary.D、Theunionswilltrytoincreaseproductivity.【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段开头告诉读者“…therearemorementhanareneeded…whentwounionsquarreloverthreejobs,theargumentissettledbygivingeachuniontwo”，接下来作者又进一步说明其实质，即它意味着“33percentovermanning,33percentlessproductivitythancouldbeobtained”。第5题【单选题】Ihopethatthelittle____I’vebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A、whichB、whenC、thatD、who【正确答案】C【答案解析】当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时，要用that，不用which。句意：我希望我能够做到的那一点点是有些用处的。第6题【单选题】Youdon’thaveto_____meofanything.A、transformB、upsetC、spoilD、persuade【正确答案】D【答案解析】persuade说服，劝说；使某人相信；劝某人做（不做）某事。第7题【单选题】Fortheirownsafety,householdpetsshouldbe[confined]totheirownyard.A、tamedB、regainedC、restrictedD、contained【正确答案】C【答案解析】confine限制。restrict限制，约束。参考课文：为了自身安全，家养究物应该关在主人自己的后院中。第8题【单选题】Thisishowarocketworks.Itisnotmadeofrubberlikeaballoon,ofcourse.Itismadeofmetal.Themetalmustnotbeheavybutitmustbeverystrong.Thereisgasinsidetherocketwhichismadeveryhot.Whenitrushesoutoftheendoftherocket,therocketispushedupintotheair.Arocketispushedupintotheairwhen______.A、hotgasrushesoutofitsheadB、itispoweredbygasC、hotgasrushesoutofitsbottomD、hotgasrushesoutofitsneck【正确答案】C【答案解析】请看到最后一句话"Whenitrushesoutoftheendoftherocket."第9题【单选题】Thereisalotofluckindrillingforoil.A、以钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。drillingforoil表示“钻探石油”；alotofluck本意表示的是“运气”，在本句中可以翻译为“偶然性”。第10题【单选题】Thisclothwon’t[shrink]whenit’swashed.A、benefitB、smallerC、vagueD、convince【正确答案】B【答案解析】[shrink]收缩；畏缩；smaller较小，更小的。第11题【单选题】We’llcontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust_____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.A、inallB、afterallC、aboveallD、atall【正确答案】C【答案解析】aboveall表示“首先，即最重要的”，符合题意。句意：我们毕业后将继续自学，但最重要的是学会在校如何学习。第12题【单选题】Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.A、正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛并不是昆虫，甚至和昆虫一点关系都没有。B、蜘蛛并不像许多人认为的那样是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。C、正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛就是昆虫，和昆虫密不可分。D、蜘蛛正像许多人认为的那样不是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。本题需要注意asmanypeoplethink，表示的是“许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫”；此外nor在此处表示的是否定，即“它和昆虫一点关系都没有”。第13题【单选题】Werelymorethananyothermajoreconomyonthegoodsandservicesthatweexport,theinvestmentthatweattractandwemakeabroad.A、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。B、英国比世界上其他主要经济更依赖商品和服务出口的投资、引资。C、英国对出口的商品和服务以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。D、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖超过了世界上任何其他经济大国。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本题主要考查经济的专业术语。原文中的economy指“经济大国”，是近几年才出现的一种用法。第14题【单选题】TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However,middleclassisnotarealdesignation,nordoesitcarryprivileges.Itismoreofaperception,whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowing,moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes,workershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem,andnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Theinformationinthispassagedealswith_______.A、anindividualB、asocialandeconomicgroupC、apoliticalorganizationD、Government【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过阅读本段，middleclass中产阶级是一个群体，选答案B。第15题【单选题】Thecountrywasaplacewheremenworkedfromdawntodark,andthelabourerlivednotinthesun,butinpovertyanddarkness.A、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中。B、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下，而是贫困和黑暗。C、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是生活在阳光下，而是挣扎在贫穷和黑暗之中。D、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下，而是贫穷和黑暗。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题考查的知识点为理解原意。有些很普通的词语，我们很熟悉，一见到，便首先想到他们最基本的含义或最常见的含义。在此题中，“country”并不是“国家”，而是指“农村”。第16题【单选题】Itwillstrengthenyoutoknowthatyourdistinguishedcareerissowidelyrespectedandappreciated.A、当你知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏时，你就会力量倍增。B、这会使你进一步坚定信念，因为你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。C、知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏会使你进一步坚定信念。D、这会使你坚定地认识到，你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题主要考查评论与表态。需要对某事发表评论或表明态度时，英语的语序和汉语不同。英语是先评论，或先表态，然后再说有关的事情或情况。汉语则相反，评论或表态性的话往往是放在句子的最后。第17题【单选题】________thefewwhohavefailedintheirexamination,alltheotherstudentsinthehallareinveryhighspirits.A、InspitethatB、ButforC、ApartfromD、Forthesakeof【正确答案】C【答案解析】apartfrom“除之外”，只有该词组符合题意。第18题【单选题】Thefarmissetrightnexttoabeautifulfloodplainandthepropertyishometotreesthathavelivedforthousandsofyears.AllofthevillagesthroughoutBotswana（博茨瓦纳）havetheirownchiefwhocontrolsacertainamountofland.WehadtheopportunitytositinonameetingwiththechiefofKatchikow,whichwecalledit“CatchaCow.”Inthemeetingwediscussedstartingahydroponicsfarminhisarea.Heseemedtobeallforitandsaidthatitwasgod’splanthattheprojectwewerehelpingwithhadcometohisarea.Thechiefofeachvillage_____________.A、iscalledKatchikowB、supportstheideaofhydroponicsfarmC、hasacertainamountoflandD、hasameetingeachweek【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。细节理解题。根据所考关键词chief迅速锁定本段介绍chief的内容。每个村庄都会有一个自己的首领，而每个首领都拥有一定量的土地。第19题Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutworld’sfirstDNAcomputers.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(1-5).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）[A]TheabilityofDNAtostoreinformation[B]ExamplesforthefutureuseofDNAcomputers[C]TheadvantageofDNAcomputers[D]TheresearchofDNAcomputersisatthebeginningstage[E]Theworkingprincipleofthemicroscopiccomputers[F]TheevaluationmadebytheresearchingteamonDNAcomputersIsraeliscientistshavebuiltaDNAcomputersotinythatatrillionofthemcouldfitinatesttubeandperformabillionoperationspersecondwith99.8percentaccuracy.1)_______________Itisthefirstprogrammableautonomouscomputingmachineinwhichtheinput,output,softwareandhardwareareallmadeofbiomolecules.Insteadofusingfiresandformulastosolveaproblem,themicroscopiccomputer’sinput,outputandsoftwarearemadeupofDNAmolecules—whichstoreandprocessencodedinformationinlivingorganisms.2)_______________ScientistsseesuchDNAcomputersasfuturecompetitorstotheirmoreconventionalcousinsbecauseminiaturizationisreachingitslimitsandDNAhasthepotentialtobemuchfasterthanconventionalcomputers.“Wehavebuiltananoscalecomputermadeofbiomoleculesthatissosmallyoucannotrunthemoneatatime.Whenatrillioncomputersruntogethertheyarecapableofperformingabillionoperations,"saidEhudShapiro,ProfessoroftheWeitzmanInstituteinIsrael.3)_______________AlthoughtoosimpletohaveanyimmediateapplicationsitcouldformthebasisofaDNAcomputerinthefuturethatcouldpotentiallyoperatewithinhumancellsandactasamonitoringdevicetodetectpotentially,disease-causingchangesandsynthesizedrugstofixthem.ThemodelcouldalsoformthebasisofcomputersthatcouldbeusedtoscreenDNAlibrariesinparallelwithoutsequencingeachmolecule,whichcouldspeeduptheacquisitionofknowledgeaboutDNA.4)_______________DNAcanholdmoreinformationinacubiccentimeterthanatrillionCDs.Thedoublehelixmoleculethatcontainshumangenesstoresdataonfourchemicalbases—knownbythelettersA,T,OandG—givingitmassivememorycapabilitythatscientistsareonlyjustbeginningtotapinto."Thelivingcellcontainsincrediblemolecularmachinesthatmanipulateinformation-encodingmoleculessuchasDNAandRNAinwaysthatarefundamentallyverysimilartocomputation,”saidShapiro,theheadoftheresearchteamthatdevelopedtheDNAcomputer."Sincewedon’tknowhowtoeffectivelymodifythesemachinesorcreatenewonesjustyet,thetrickistofindnaturallyexistingmachinesthat,whencombined,canbesteeredtoactuallycompute,"headded.5)_______________WritinginthesciencejournalNature,ShapiroandhisteamdescribetheirDNAcomputertheautomatonwhichcananswercertainyesornoquestions.DataisrepresentedbypairsofmoleculesonastrandofDNAandtwonaturallyoccurringenzymesactasthehardwaretoread,copyandmanipulatethecode.Whenitisallmixedtogetherinthetesttube,thesoftwareandhardwareoperateontheinputmoleculetocreatetheoutput.DNAcomputingisaveryyoungbranchofsciencethatstartedlessthanadecadeago,whenLeonardAdlemanoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniapioneeredthefieldbyusingDNAinatesttubetosolveamathematicalproblem.Scientistsaroundtheglobearenowtryingtomarrycomputertechnologyandbiologybyusingnature’sowndesigntoprocessinformation.【正确答案】ECBAF【答案解析】1)【答案】E【解析】本段位于整篇文章第二段，在第一段概括介绍之后，这一段具体说明此类计算机的工作原理，故选E。2)【答案】C【解析】本段第一句话介绍说DNA计算机具有较传统计算机运行速度更快的优势，之后通过以色列教授的话具体肯定，故整段是围绕DNA计算机的优势展开，选C。3)【答案】B【解析】本段主要是对DNA计算机在未来应用的展望，包括可以被植入人体细胞内，作为监控装置检测出潜在的致病变化，并合成药物“修理”致病变化，还可以并行方式而非按顺序筛选DNA资料库，这样要可以加快人们对DNA知识的获取，故选B。4)【答案】A【解析】本段第一句话说明每立方厘米DNA上可容纳的信息要比一万亿张光盘存储的容量还要多。由此可推断本段主要在介绍DNA存储信息的巨大能力，故选A。5)【答案】F【解析】此段第一句话引用《自然》科学杂志刊登的一篇文章，说明在沙皮罗和研究小组成员的眼中，DNA计算机是一种何种性质的装置，故选F。第20题【单选题】Ifit________anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A、hadrainedB、wouldhaverainedC、haveseenD、rained【正确答案】A【答案解析】表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。第21题【单选题】ButBalistarlingsareonlyfoundinasmallareaontheislandofBaliinIndonesia.Theyliveinthetallgrasslandsnearthecoast.______Todaythereareonly14leftinthewildonasinglereserve.Morethanhalfoftheirhabitatwasconvertedintofarmland,andforestplantation.Manyofthemwerecapturedandsoldaspets.A、Weshouldtakemeasurestoprotectthem.B、Balistarlingsareverybeautifulbirds.C、Theygrowfastbecauseofaproteinrichdietofinsects.D、In1984,therewereonly150birdsleftinthewild.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。空格后面的那句话提到现在这种鸟剩下14只，那么上一句话是否也和它们的数量有关系，看到选项，不难找到正确答案。第22题【单选题】Mobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyprovedtobeadangeroussourceofradiation,accordingtoRobertBell,ascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowers（发射塔）shouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheradiationtheyemit（放射）isscientificallyevaluated,hesaid."Nobody’sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformation,"RobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation."Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,"hesaid.AccordingtoRobertBell,ifmobilephonesprovetobedangeroustopeople'shealth,_______.A、theyshouldbebannedimmediately.B、theuseofthemshouldberestricted.C、alltransmittertowersshouldbetorndown.D、awarninglabelshouldbeattached.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段的第一句话告诉我们：被证实有辐射危险的手机应该带着标签。因此答案是D。第23题【单选题】Manypeopleacton_____withoutcountingthecost.A、failB、impulseC、outlineD、rate【正确答案】B【答案解析】impulse冲动；[电子]脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力。第24题【单选题】Ican’tgetmycar________oncoldmornings,soIhavetotry________theradiatorwithsomehotwater.A、run;tofillB、running;fillingC、running;tofillD、ran;filling【正确答案】B【答案解析】getmycarrunning意为“使我的车发动起来”;trydoing表示“试一试做某事的办法”;trytodo意为“努力去做某事”。第25题【单选题】Rhythminliteratureisamoreorlessregularoccurrenceofcertainelementsofwriting：aword,aphrase,anidea,asound,oragrammaticalconstruction.Wearealsoaccustomedtothisrecurrenceinthealternateheavyandlightbeatsinmusic.Ourloveforrhythmseemstobeinnate:witnesstheresponsesofasmallchildtolivelymusic.Childrenlovetobeatontoydrumsoremptyboxes.Theystamptheirfeetandchantnurseryrhymesornonsensesyllables,notunlikeprimitivedancers.Aschildrengrowolder,theyaretaughttorestraintheirresponsestorhythm,butourloveofrhythmremains.Weliveinrhythms;infactwearegovernedbyrhythms.Accordingtothepassage,anadult’sreactiontorhythminmusicwouldprobablybe_____.A、uninhibitedB、indifferentC、restrainedD、responsible【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。该题的解题依据在本段结尾部分“Aschildrengrowolder,theyaretaughttorestraintheirresponsestorhythm…”。作者讲：随着孩子的年龄逐渐增大，大人就会教他们抑制对节奏的反应，等他们长大之后，他们对音乐节奏的反应，更可能受到抑制。第26题【单选题】Youwillbe[liable]foranydamagecaused.A、liberalB、responsibleC、profoundD、rectify【正确答案】B【答案解析】be[liable]for有…责任；有…义务；responsible负责的，可靠的；有责任的。第27题【单选题】“Ithinktheteacheriswrong,______?”“No,Idon’tthinkso.”A、don’tyouB、don’tIC、doesn’theD、doesn’tshe【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。此题容易误选C或D，因为按照语法规则，Ithink后接宾语从句时，其反意疑问句与从句保持一致，但是退一步，即使按此规则，其反意疑问句也应是isn’the或isn’tshe之类的，而不是像C或D那样用doesn’the和doesn’tshe。综合四个选项，最佳答案为A，don’tyou为don’tyouthinkso之省略。第28题【单选题】“Peopledisappearinthatrivereveryyear,”oneofthepolicemensaidtomethatafternoon,halfindismay,halfinfrustration.A、“年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个人半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。B、“这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。C、“这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。D、“这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本题考查的知识点为成语。英语和汉语都有许多成语。汉语的成语大多由四个字组成。英译汉时，适当地使用成语，译文显得简洁、生动，可以增加文采。第29题【单选题】Ourdecision______waswise.A、ofwaitingB、towaitC、forwaitingD、tobewaiting【正确答案】B【答案解析】英语中一些名词总与不定式连用，如：decision，wish与refusal等，使用这些名词与使用它们的动词形式表达的内容是一致的，我们决定等待是明智的。第30题【单选题】Inhisclosing[remarks],thechairmanexpressedhisthankstoallthosewhohadcontributedtothesuccessoftheconference.A、commentsB、speechC、criticismD、lecture【正确答案】B【答案解析】[remarks]致辞。speech讲话，演说。参考译文：在闭幕词里，主席向所有为大会的成功举办作出过贡献的人士表示了感谢。第31题【单选题】Theydidfindthat______appearsinadreamhasfargreaterinfluenceonmoodthan________occursinthedream.A、theperson...thethingB、who...whatC、who...thatD、thepersonwho...which【正确答案】B【答案解析】that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中，who,what分别做主语，代表人和事情。第32题【单选题】Scarcelylessimportantthanmachineryintheagriculturalrevolutionwasscience．A、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。B、在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。本句考查程度副词的翻译。本句的翻译重点是Scarcelylessimportant，scarcely是程度副词，意思是“几乎不，简直没有’’。它本身带有否定的意思。lessimportant意思是“不如……重要”，而加scarcely之后，双重否定表示肯定，意思是两者是差不多同样重要的，所以应该选C。第33题【单选题】Theyalwayscomplained（抱怨）moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways.Theyalsoblamedthattheirparentsalwayshaveafinalsay.Andtheyoungfeltthattheirparentsdonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises.Besides,theydissatisfiedtoomuchmurmursoftheirparentsaboutcertainproblemsandthelackofsenseofhumorindealingwiththeproblems,atleastinparents-childrenrelationships.Themainideaofthisparagraphis__________.A、Thecriticismstotheirparentscanbekeptoutoftheyoungpeople’smindinfollowingways.B、Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingbetweenthem.C、Therearesomanycriticismtotheirparentsamongtheyoungpeople.D、Youngpeoplehavegottenenoughreasonstocriticizetheirparents.【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题段落中的各句列举了年轻人都抱怨其父母些什么，谈的是whatarethecriticisms?的问题因此选择C。第34题【单选题】Ihopethatthelittle____I’vebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A、whichB、whenC、thatD、who【正确答案】C【答案解析】当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时，要用that，不用which。句意：我希望我能够做到的那一点点是有些用处的。第35题【单选题】Wehaveto[modify]ourplanalittlebit.A、reduceB、sufferC、adjustD、utilize【正确答案】C【答案解析】[modify]修改，修饰；更改；adjust调整，使…适合。第36题【单选题】Iopenedthebook_____andfoundanumberofmistakes.A、onoccasionB、onaverageC、atrandomD、onsale【正确答案】C【答案解析】onoccasion偶尔。onaverage平均。atrandom任意。onsale打折。第37题【单选题】Hewassoangryatall_____shewasdoing_____hewalkedout.A、what,thatB、that,thatC、that,whichD、what,as【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题关键短语beangryatsth.因此all后的shewasdoing为定语从句，修饰all。第二个空考查so...that...句型，答案应为B。第38题【单选题】Shewasa_____girlanddidnotpanic.A、specificB、dominantC、sensibleD、epidemic【正确答案】C【答案解析】sensible明智的；通情达理的；合乎情理的；意识到的，能感觉到的。第39题【单选题】Whilewecannotclosethegulfbetweenus,wecantrytobridgeitsothatwemaybeabletotalkacrossit.A、当我们无法弥合我们之间的鸿沟时，我们可以搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。B、在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟时，我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈。C、虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。D、虽然我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈，但我们却无法弥合双方之间的鸿沟。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。本句虽然用了连词while，但分句与主句之间是一种让步关系，因此while可译为“虽然”。此句中的bridge用作动词，这是一种形象的说法，译为“搭一座桥”。第40题【单选题】Thereisnohighorsoundinthehouse,theymusthavegonetothecinema,_____?A、didn’ttheyB、don’ttheyC、mustn’ttheyD、haven’tthey【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。反义疑问句，主句是完成时态，疑问部分也要用对应的时态，答案选D。第41题【单选题】Fortheirownsafety,householdpetsshouldbe[confined]totheirownyard.A、tamedB、regainedC、restrictedD、contained【正确答案】C【答案解析】confine限制。restrict限制，约束。参考课文：为了自身安全，家养究物应该关在主人自己的后院中。第42题【单选题】Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthatdubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeksunpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“governmentrunpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent.”Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates？A、ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.B、TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.C、Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.D、TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。事实细节题。根据题干定位到第2段末句。本句中提到，尽管民主党领导人努力将工作与家庭的平衡措施提上立法日程，但那些商业组织还是一直都强烈反对。C项中的opposition与文中的stronglyopposed相对，businesscircles与文中的businessgroups相对应，故正确答案为C项。文中说《家庭与医疗休假法》在1993年时通过，故排除A项“在美国历史上没有先例”；B项“现有的《家庭与医疗休假法》”，并非主要原因；文中提到民主党领导人支持工作与家庭的平衡措施的实施，只是遭到了来自商业团体的反对，故排除D项“民主党的无能”。第43题【单选题】“Peopledisappearinthatrivereveryyear,”oneofthepolicemensaidtomethatafternoon,halfindismay,halfinfrustration.A、“年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个人半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。B、“这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。C、“这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。D、“这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本题考查的知识点为成语。英语和汉语都有许多成语。汉语的成语大多由四个字组成。英译汉时，适当地使用成语，译文显得简洁、生动，可以增加文采。第44题【单选题】Hecamebacklate,______whichtimealltheguestshadalreadyleft.A、afterB、byC、atD、during【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。考查介词。根据后面部分的过去完成时态可知前面应该用by。第45题【单选题】JamesBrindleywasapioneerintheartofbuildingcanalsor,asitwasthencalled,‘navigation’.A、布林德雷是建筑运河的先驱者，当时人们把它叫作navigation。B、布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把它叫作navigation。C、布林德雷是建筑运河的先驱者，当时人们把建筑运河叫作navigation。D、布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把开凿运河叫作navigation。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本题考查的知识点为重复与代称。原文buildingcanals，但汉语里常见的搭配是“开凿运河”，如译作“建筑运河”，就不顺了。原文后半句用it代替buildingcanals，译文重复“开凿运河”而不用代词，这样译是比较清楚的。第46题【单选题】______thebeginningofthemeeting,weheardareportbyMr.Li.A、ByB、InC、AtD、On【正确答案】B【答案解析】atthebeginningof意为“在……之初”。句意：在会议之初我们听了李先生的报告。第47题【单选题】DuringthesepastfewyearsIusedAssociatedContenttotrywriting.Ifoundwritingforthatsitewasnotmycupoftea.However,myexperiencetherewaspositiveasIwasrewardedwithevenmorelearningopportunitiesjustbydippingmytoesintothewater.ThroughAssociatedContentIwasintroducedtotheworldofblogging.Idecidedtolearnhowtosetupablogmyself.NowI’minterestedinbloggingandcontinuetoworkasawriter.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofusingthesiteAssociatedContent?A、TowriteforthesiteYahoo!ContributorNetwork.B、Toknowmoreaboutotherwriters.C、Tohaveoneofhisarticlespublished.D、Tobecomeanetworkwriter.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。根据本段的Idecidedtolearnhowtosetupablogmyself.NowI’minterestedinbloggingandcontinuetoworkasawriter确定D答案。A选项是作者偶然获得的结果，并非刚开始写作时的目的，可排除；B选项不是作者的目的；C选项是作者两年前已经取得的成果，无需再定为自己目标。第48题【单选题】Thedeclineinmoralstandards,whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts,hasatlast________theattentionofaverageAmericans.A、clarifiedB、cultivatedC、characterizedD、captured【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题的四个选项意思各不相同，但能与题句空格后的名词attention搭配并符合题意的只有一个。capture“捕获，吸引（注意力）”。根据题意，正确答案应选D。第49题【单选题】Wehavegreatdifferencestoday.Whatbringsustogetheristhatwehavecommoninterestswhichtranscendthosedifferences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。B、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。D、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。greatdifferences在句子中表示的是“巨大的分歧”的意思；interests在本句中不是表示“兴趣”，而是表示双方之间共同的利益。第50题【单选题】Homeheating,whichaccountsforlessthan7percentofa11energyconsumedintheU.S.,hashadacommendable(值得赞扬的)efficiencyrecord:from1978to1997,theamountoffuelconsumedforthispurposedeclined44percentdespitea33percentincreaseinthenumberofhousingunitsandanincreaseinhousesize.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy,however,forecastsmatenergyusedinhomeheatingwillriseby14percentoverthenexttwodecades.Thatriseissmallconsideringanexpected21percentincreaseinthenumberofhousesandthetrendtowardlargerhouses.Accordingto-paragraph3,energyconsumedinhomeheatingoverthenexttwodecadeswillincreaseby______.A、33percentB、31percentC、21percentD、14percent【正确答案】D【答案解析】该题问的是：根据本段，在今后20年里用于家庭供暖的能源将增加多少?第三段有这么一句话：然而，美国能源部预测，在今后20年里用于家庭供暖的能源将增加14%。第51题【单选题】Ifyou______stopsmoking,youcanonlyexpecttohaveabadcough.A、won’tB、wouldnotC、donotD、cannot【正确答案】A【答案解析】will除了用作表示将来时的助动词外，还可用来强调愿意或不愿意。但是在表示不肯或不愿意时，则只能使用won’t，不能使用wouldnot。第52题【单选题】He’sunlucky,andhe’salwayssuffering______luckoneafteranother.A、asickB、anillC、sickD、ill【正确答案】D【答案解析】英语中的名词有可数与不可数之分，luck是不可数名词，用来修饰贬义的luck形容词有bad，poor或ill，这时ill的词义是：不好的。第53题【单选题】Rhythminliteratureisamoreorlessregularoccurrenceofcertainelementsofwriting：aword,aphrase,anidea,asound,oragrammaticalconstruction.Wearealsoaccustomedtothisrecurrenceinthealternateheavyandlightbeatsinmusic.Ourloveforrhythmseemstobeinnate:witnesstheresponsesofasmallchildtolivelymusic.Childrenlovetobeatontoydrumsoremptyboxes.Theystamptheirfeetandchantnurseryrhymesornonsensesyllables,notunlikeprimitivedancers.Aschildrengrowolder,theyaretaughttorestraintheirresponsestorhythm,butourloveofrhythmremains.Weliveinrhythms;infactwearegovernedbyrhythms.Accordingtothepassage,anadult’sreactiontorhythminmusicwouldprobablybe_____.A、uninhibitedB、indifferentC、restrainedD、responsible【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。该题的解题依据在本段结尾部分“Aschildrengrowolder,theyaretaughttorestraintheirresponsestorhythm…”。作者讲：随着孩子的年龄逐渐增大，大人就会教他们抑制对节奏的反应，等他们长大之后，他们对音乐节奏的反应，更可能受到抑制。第54题【单选题】Manyyearspassedandtheyoungmanwasverysuccessfulinbusiness.Hehadabeautifulhomeandwonderfulfamily,butrealizedhisfatherwasveryold,andthoughtperhapsheshouldgotohim.Hehadnotseenhimsincethatgraduationday.Beforehecouldmakearrangementstoseehisfather,hereceivedatelegramtellinghimhisfatherhadpassedaway,andwilledallofhispossessionstohisson.Heneededtocomehomeimmediatelyandtakecarethings.Whenhearrivedathisfather’shouse,suddensadnessandregretfilledhisheart.Whentheyoungmanarrivedhome,hefelt_________.A、sadB、disappointedC、horribleD、nervous【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。事实细节题。年轻人回到家里，出现了两个关键词sadness和regret，可以判断年轻人的心情是非常伤心的。故选A。第55题【单选题】Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycannotjustpredominancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlavatoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogrammingarenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat________.A、talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccessB、biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformanceC、theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlookedD、highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。推理判断题。作者用了类似“令人震惊的结论”这样浓墨重彩的表达突出了文章的最终结论“Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway，expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogrammingarenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.”（他们的研究得出的结论令人惊讶：我们高估了通常称为天赋的特质。或者，换种方式来讲，表现出众的人——无论记忆力超群者还是外科专家，无论舞姿优美的芭蕾舞演员还是出色的电脑程序设计员——几乎都不是天生的，而是后天造就的。）其中A和C选项和原文主题观点相反；B是支持“出生年月日决定论”是文章开篇所举的反例中的观点，所以均不正确。第56题【单选题】Ihope______thejobshe’sappliedfor.A、she’sgoingtogetB、she’llgetC、sheistogetD、shedecidestoget【正确答案】B【答案解析】will或shall用来表示希望或期望。因此在表示与希望有关的动词或动词短语的宾语从句中的将来时态时，要用will或shall。这些动词或短语是：hope，expect，besure，believe，think，suppose，doubt和beafraid等。第57题【单选题】OurneighborUncleJohnsonisastubbornman.Needlesstosay,wetried________tomakehimchange