一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时

#教学内容知识点一：一般现在时【知识梳理】一般现在时的基本结构和变化一般现在时的结构be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。e.g.Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加或e.g.Hegetsupearlyinthemorning.2•否定句和疑问句的变化be动词的变化：否定句：主语+be+not+其它。Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。Areyouastudent?Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+—般疑问句。Whereismybike?行为动词的变化：否定句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。Idon'tlikebread./Hedoesn'tlikebread.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+—般疑问句。Howdoesyourfathergotowork?(注意回顾动词第三人称单数形式变化规则)一般情况下在词尾力口shelp—helps,clean—cleans,play—plays,wear—wears,give—gives;以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词在词尾加esdress—dresses,fix—fixes,watch—watches,finish—finishes;以“辅音字母加y”结尾的动词，把y变为i,再study—studies,carry—carries,fly—flies)一般现在时的用法•1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作或行为。常与always,sometimes,often,usually,never等副词连用。e.g.IgotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdaysandSundays.Mymotheroftengetsupat6o'clock.表示现在的状态，能力，性格，个性。e.g.Myfatherteachesmaths.LinYandanceswell.表示普遍真理或客观事实。e.g.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Thesunrisesintheeast.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。如：Ourphysicsteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.我们的物理老师说光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快得多，在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来的动作，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时。如：Iwille-mailyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.我一到北京就给你发邮件。Ifyoucomethisafternoon,wewillhaveameeting.如果你今天下午能来，我们就开会。【例题精讲】例1.Whoisthatlady?A.taught例2.She'sMissGreen.She_usmusic,andsheissogood.C.willteachD.isteachingB.teachesIthinkI'lltakeabustothemeeting.Thebus?Ifyou,youwillbelate.B.havedoneC.willdoA.do例3.Unlesstheweather,wewillhavetocancelthepicnic.A.improveB.improvesC.improvedD.willimprove例4・Wedon'tknowifourfriend.Ifhe,we'llletyouknow.A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comes例5-Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearththesun.A.wentaroundB.goesaroundC.isgoingaroundD.wasgoingaround【课堂练习】Look!Adogablindmanacrosstheroad.A.leadsB.leadC.isleadingD.ledTheyusuallyTVintheevening.A.watchB.willwatchC.arewatchingD.watchesHehardlyupearly.A.getsB.getC.doesn'tgetD.don'tgetJohnfootball.A.likesplayingB.likesplayC.likeplayFrankusuallyintouchwithhisprimaryschoolteachersbyemail.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.willkeep知识点二：一般过去时【知识梳理】（1）一般过去时的基本结构和变化定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。结构：“主语+动词的过去式”句型转化：be动词的过去时的句型如下：否定句：主语+be动词的过去式（was,were）+not…疑问句：be动词的过去式（was,were）+主语…？Hewasbusyyesterday.（肯定句）他昨天很忙。Hewasnotbusyyesterday.（否定句）他昨天不忙。Washebusyyesterday?（疑问句）他昨天忙吗？Thereweren'tanyboysintheroom.房间里没有男孩儿。g.Thereweren'tanyboysintheroom.房间里没有男孩儿。Werethereanyboysintheroom?房间里有男孩儿吗？行为动词的否定式和疑问式：否定式：行为动词前加上didnot或缩略式didn't,并把这个行为动词改为动词原形。IcalledLinTaoyesterdayafternoon.fIdidnot/didn'tcallLinTaoyesterdayafternoon.IborrowedabookfromSunYanglastSunday.一般疑问式：若在陈述句中只有行为动词的过去式，那就得在句首加上一个助动词did来帮助提问，然后把句中的行为动词由过去式改为动词原形，并在句末打上问号。回答时别忘了还用did。Westayedtherefor10dayslastmonth.fDidyoustaytherefor10dayslastmonth?Yes,wedid./No,wedidn't.Maryhadadeliciousdinneryesterdayevening.fDidMaryhaveadeliciousdinneryesterdayevening?Yes,shedid./No,wedidn't.（2）规则动词的变化过去式（规则变化）一般情况下，直接在动词词尾力加-edowatchfwatchedplantfplanted以不发音字母e结尾的动词在词尾加-d。likeflikedmovefmoved以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先变y为i,再在词尾加-ed。studyfstudiedcarryfcarried重读闭音节动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写词尾的辅音字母，再在词尾加-edostopfstoppedshopfshopped过去式（be动词）（不规则变化）am/isfwasarefweredofdid（3）不规则动词的过去式和过去分词第一组AAA

cost—cost—cost2.cut—cut—cut3.hit—hit—hit4.let—let—let5.put—put—put6.set—set—set7.read—read—read第二组ABCbreak—broke—broken2.choose—chose—chosen3.speak—spoke—spokensteal—stole—stolen5.wake—woke—woken6.forget—forgot—forgottentake—took—taken8.give—gave—given9.hide—hid—hidden10.drive—drove—driven11.write—wrote—written12.rise—rose—risen13.ride—rode—ridden14.eat—ate—eaten第三组ABCknow—knew—known2.grow—grew—grown3.throw—threw—thrown4.fly—flew—flown5.show—showed—shown第四组ABB1.build—built—built2.burn—burnt—burnt3.mean—meant—meant4.lend—lent—lent5.send—sent—sent6.spend—spent—spent第五组ABB1.keep—kept—kept2.sweep—swept—swept3.sleep—slept—slept4.leave—left—left5.feel—felt—felt6.smell—smelt—smelt7.lose——lost——lost8.learn——learnt——learnt（learned——learned）9.get—got—got10.do—did—done11.go—went—gone第六组ABB1.make—made—made2.hear—heard—heard3.have—had—had4.bring—brought—brought5.find—found—found6.buy—bought—bought7.think—thought—thought8.teach—taught—taught第七组ABB1.dig—dug—dug4.meet—met—met7.win——won——wonlead—led—ledsay—said—saidsell——sold——soldhold—held—heldpay—paid—paidtell——told——toldstand——stood——stood11.understand——understood——understood12.sit—sat—sat13.wear—wore—worn第八组ABC1.begin—began—begun2.swim—swam—swum3.sing—sang—sungring—rang—rung5.drink—drank—e—came—comebecome—became—become8.see—saw—seen9.run—ran—runlie—lay—lain—lying（躺）12.lie—lied—lied—lying（说慌）13.lay—laid—laid（放）一般过去时的用法yesterday,last表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如:week(month,year...),ago,justnow,attheageof…，in1980等连用。如：yesterday,lastAttheageoften,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.十岁的时候，她开始学弹钢琴。表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.当我是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。

【例题精讲】例1.Wheredidyougolastweekend?ItotheGreatWall.A.goB.wentC.willgo例2.LastweekVivianadressforhermotherwithherfirst-monthsalary.D.havegoneA.buyB.bought例3.Ohno!Imybookinthelab.C.willbuyD.wouldbuyA.leave例4.B.leftC.willleaveD.wasleavingYourcoatfitsyouwell.Thankyou.IitwhenIwasonvacation.A.haveboughtB.buy例【例题精讲】例1.Wheredidyougolastweekend?ItotheGreatWall.A.goB.wentC.willgo例2.LastweekVivianadressforhermotherwithherfirst-monthsalary.D.havegoneA.buyB.bought例3.Ohno!Imybookinthelab.C.willbuyD.wouldbuyA.leave例4.B.leftC.willleaveD.wasleavingYourcoatfitsyouwell.Thankyou.IitwhenIwasonvacation.A.haveboughtB.buy例5.MyhusbandalwaysC.boughtmeflowerseveryweekbeforewegotmarried,butnowheneverA.sent;does【课堂练习】B.sends;doesC.wasgoingtosend;doD.sent;do1.DidBillyandAnnafindawayoutatlast?■Yes,theyaplananddidit.A.wereworkingoutB.workedoutC.areworkingoutD.haveworkedout2.Yesterdaytheteachertoldustheearththesun.A.goesaroundB.wentaroundC.isgoingaroundD.wouldgoaround3.LucyhastoLondon.HowcanIgetintouchwithher?Don'tworry.Shewillphoneyouassoonasshethere.A.been;willgetB.been;getsC.gone;willgetD.gone;gets4.Oh,no!Ican'tfindmymobilephone!Well,whereyoulastputit.A.haveB.doC.didHaveyoueverclimbedMountTai,Carol?Yes,IinTaianforaweeklastyearandreachedthetopofittwice.A.hadstayedB.stayC.stayedD.havestayed知识点三一般将来时【知识梳理】(1)一般将来时的结构Will+动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：e.g.Iwillmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。begoingto+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，主语一般是人。如：e.g.Iamgoingtobe15nextweek.下周我就15岁了。will和begoingto的区别begoingto与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：e.g.Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。e.g.Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.begoingto含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：e.g.Sheisgoingtohaveatrip.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,如：e.g.Ifanybeastscomeatyou,I'llstaywithyouandhelpyou.⑵用法表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如：tomorrow,soon,nextday(week,month,year...),inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow等连用。如：e.g.IwillpayavisittoShanghainextweek.下周我将要去上海旅行。当主句为一般将来时，在以after,when,while,assoonas,if,unless等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，要用—般现在时表示将来。如：e.g.Iwilldoitbetteriftheteachergivesmeanotherchance.如果老师再给我次机会，我会做得更好的。【例题精讲】例1-Don'taway.Billyoulookafteryourdogwhenyouareawayonbusiness.A.helpsB.willhelpC.helpingD.helped例2.Justgodownthisroadandyouthelibrarynexttothebank.A.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.willsee

A.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.willsee例3.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,robotcooks例3.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,robotcooksinourfamiliesinthefuture.A.appearB.appearedC.willappearD.wereappearing4.Manyscientistsbelievethatrobotsabletotalklikehumansin50years.A.wereB.areC.willbeD.havebeenA.wereB.areC.willbeD.havebeen例例5.Haveyoureturnedthebooktothelibraryyet?Notyet.Don'tworry.Iitsoon.A.returnB.returnedC.havereturnedD.willreturn【课堂练习】Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassayingsoI'mafraidIhalfofit.A.missedB.wasmissingC.willmissD.wouldmissWearegladtohearthattheGreenstoanewflatnextweek.A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.havemovedEricwon'tstarttheexperimentuntilhisteacherhimhowtodoit.A.willshowB.showC.showsD.showedIfyoucometotheparty,youagoodtime.A.wouldhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.tohaveLet'senjoythedayswithourclassmates.Weourjuniorhighschoolintwomonths.A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.havefinishedD.hadfinishedNo,hetothedininghall.A.goesB.wouldgoC.hasgoneD.hadgoneIcalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredit.Oh,wesomerunninginthepark.A.aredoingB.weredoingC.havedoneD.didHersonthearmyfortwomonths.Shemisseshimverymuch.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeeninC.joinedD.wasinThereportersaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.travelsB.traveledC.wastravelingD.hastraveledI'mwaitingformysister.Iwon'tgotoseemyuncleuntil.A.shecomesB.shewillcomeC.shedoesn'tcomeDoyouknowtheEnglishman?Yes.Ihimfortwoyears.A.gettoknowB.haveknownC.knewD.gottoknowImyhomework;IguessIcan'tjoinyou.A.don'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.haven'tfinishedD.won'tfinishTravelingtospaceisnolongerjustadream.Russiathefirsthotelinspaceinthenearfuture.A.buildsB.willbuildC.builtD.hasbuiltWehavebeenfriends.A.lastyearB.oneyearagoC.sincewemetlastyearD.whenwemetlastyearDoyouknowifCindywilldrivetoItalythisweekend?Cindy?Never!Shedriving.A.hashatedB.hatedC.willhateD.hatesIcalledyouseveraltimesthismorning,butyoudidn'tanswer.Sorry.Itennisthewholemorning.A.playedB.isplayingC.wouldplayD.wasplayingIamistake.Pleasedon'tbeangrywithme.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.hadmadeItelephonedyouyesterdayafternoonbutnobodyanswered.Oh,Iafilmatthattime.A.seeB.sawC.isseeingD.wasseeingIsthisyourfirsttimetoXinjiang?No,Ihereseveraltimes.A.havegoneB.haven'tgoneC.havebeenD.haven'tbeenWe'llgoforapicnicifitthisSunday.Wishyoualovelyweekend.A.rainB.doesn'trainC.won'trainHeLuzhouforthreemonths.A.hasleftB.hascometoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeenawayfromImyhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfromIfyoucometotheparty,youagoodtime.A.wouldhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.tohaveMr.Browninthisfactorysincehewastwenty-fouryearsold.A.worksB.workedC.willworkD.hasworkedShush,bequiet!Thebabyinthenextroom.Oh,sorry.A.sleepsB.sleptC.issleepingD.wassleepingHefortenyears.A.hasbeenmarriedB.marriedC.gotmarriedD.hasmarriedDidyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoorjustnow?No,sir.Imusic.A.waslisteningtoB.listenedtoC.amlisteningtoD.wouldlistentoWhatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?Ionthegrassanddrawingapicture.A.A.sitB.satC.amsittingD.wassittingHowwasyourtriptotheancientvillage?Fantastic!Wetoanaturalmuseumofstrangestones.A.goB.wentC.aregoingD.willgoIhearMr.ZhanghasgonetoBeijingforameeting.Really?Doyouknowwhenhe?A.leavesB.wasleavingC.hasleftD.leftLisa,Icalledyoujustnow.Wherewereyou?Sorry,Iashower.A.takeB.amtakingC.wastakingShethebooktwodaysago.A.hasborrowed;sinceB.haskept;sinceC.kept;for28.Wherewereyouat7:00lastnight?Itomymomathome.A.writeB.wroteC.amwritingD.waswriting29.Ican'tfindTedforthreedays.Whereishe?HeBeijingforameeting.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.havebeentoD.havegonetoTheyEnglandandtheywillbebacknextweek.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havegoneinD.hasbeenonyoutoNanhuParkaweekago?Yes.Wehadagoodtimethere.A.Do;goB.Did;goC.Did;wentIthebookclublastweekand