2023届陕西省咸阳市高三高考模拟检测（一）英语试题

第1页/共1页咸阳市2023年高考模拟检测（一）英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，答题时间为120分钟；2.答卷前，考生须准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号；3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，监考员将答题卡按顺序收回，装袋整理；试题不回收。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdidthemanlearnhisbasketballskills?A.Fromhisschoolteam.B.Fromhisbrother.C.Fromhisworkteam.2.Whatwilltheboydofirst?A.Watchamovie.B.Havedinner.C.Finishhishomework.3.WheredidSallybuyhershirt?A.Atthedepartmentstore.B.Atanexpensivestore.C.OntheInternet.4Howdoestheboyfeelabouthisexam?A.Proud.B.Pleased.C.Disappointed.5.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Sheisachef.B.Sheisawaitress.C.Sheisamanager.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.Tohisoffice.B.Toabusstation.C.Tothecentrallibrary.7.Howdoesthewomansoundtotheman?A.Thankful.B.Sympathetic.C.Confused.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whyisthemanupset?A.Hehastofixhiscar.B.Hedoesn’tlikethesnow.C.Hehasbeentoobusywithwork.9.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At4:00.B.At12:00.C.At12:30.10.Wherewillthemangonext?A.Theoffice.B.Thetrainstation.C.Thewoman’shouse.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthematterwiththe,man’ssonatschool?A.Hedoesn’tdowellintests.B.Heislonelywithfewfriends.C.Heiseasilydistractedinclass.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheman’ssondo?A.Makemorenewfriends.B.Havemorechallenginghomework.C.Practicemorebeforetests.13.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Wifeandhusband.B.Teacherandparent.C.Friends.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Wherearethewoman’sparentsstayingbeforetheyretire?A.InNewYork.B.InCalifornia.C.InFlorida.15.Whatwillthemandoafterhighschoolgraduation?A.Travelaroundtheworld.B.AttenduniversityinBoston.C.Takeapart-timejob.16.Whendidthemantakeacampustour?A.Lastweek.B.Yesterday.C.Lastmonth.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhoisAnna?A.AnoperatorB.Anassistant.C.Arider.18.Whatisthespeakerexplaining?A.Whatarideoperatorshoulddo.B.Howtheyshouldtakeapictureontheride.C.Whatrulestheyarefortheride.19.Whathappenedearliertodaytoarider?A.Hissafetybeltbroke.B.Helosthisphoneontheride.C.Hewasremovedfromtheparkforspitting.20.Whatwilltheaudiencedonext?A.Boardthecar.B.AskAnnasomequestions.C.Getsomefoodanddrinks.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATicketInformationDuetoextremelyhighdemand,ticketsforthethreetraditionalend-of-yearconcertsoftheViennaPhilharmonicaredrawnexclusivelyontheViennaPhilharmonicwebsite.Inthisway,peopleworldwidehaveanequalchancetopurchasethesehighlydesiredtickets.ApplicationPeriod:February1-28,2023Duringthisperiod,interestedpersonscanapplyonthiswebsiteforticketstothePreviewPerformance,theNewYear’sEveConcert,andtheNewYear’sConcert.Thefirststeptowardmakinganapplicationforticketsistoregisterforthedrawing.TheregistrationisseparatefromyouruseraccountfortheWebshopandisspecificallyforthedrawing.Userscanentertheirticketpreferencesfortheupcomingconcertsduringtheapplicationperiod.PriceCategoriesThenumberofticketsfortheNewYear’sConcertislimitedtotwo,andthenumberofticketsforthePreviewPerformanceandNewYear’sEveConcertcanbeuptofour.Theticketpricesrangebetween35€and1200€fortheNewYear’sConcert,25€and860€fortheNewYear’sEveConcert,andbetween20€and495€forthePreviewPerformance.Ifyouwishtochangeyourapplication,youmayonlydosoduringtheapplicationperiod.InMarch,youwillknowtheresultsofthedrawing.WhenShouldIApply?Withintheone-monthapplicationperiod,theactualtimeofapplicationisirrelevant.AnapplicationmadeonFebruary1hasthesamechancesasanapplicationmadeonFebruary28.Theonlywaytoobtainticketsfortheseconcertsisbytakingpartintheonlinedrawing!Requestssubmittedthroughthepostalsystem,bye-mailorbyanyothermeanswillnotbeconsidered!1.Whocouldbemostinterestedinthisinformation?A.Awebsitedesigner. B.Apaintinglover.C.Amusicfan. D.Atouristguide.2.Whatdoyouhavetodotogettickets?A.Applyonemonthinadvance. B.Participateinthedrawing.C.Sende-mailstothewebshop. D.Usethesamenameastheuseraccount.3.HowmuchmustyoupayatleastfortwoticketsforthePreviewPerformance?A.70€. B.25€. C.50€. D.40€.BBorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanage(孤儿院)forthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadnoideawhatherfuturewouldhold.ThelittlegirlbornwithFibularHemimeliawouldnotonlygoontobea13-timegoldmedal-winningParalympicchampion,butshewouldinspireotherstochasetheirdreams.LongwasborninRussia,whereshelivedinanorphanageuntilherparentsadoptedherin1993.Soonafterbeingadopted,shehadtohaveherlegsamputated(截肢)atonlyayearandahalf.“Itgavemealotoffreedomandmovement,”Longsaid.“Butgrowingupwasdefinitelyreallyhard.Fromaveryearlyage,IjustdecidedthatIwasgoingtobeunstoppableandIwasn’tgoingtoletmylegsholdmeback.”Fromthatpointforward,shedidn’tletanyonetellherwhatshewasorwasn’tcapableofdoing.Shestarteddoinggymnasticsasakid.Then,in2002,Longfoundhersportforlife:swimming!“Iwastheonlygirlwithnolegsontheswimteam,”shesaid.“ThereweremomentsIstruggled,butmyteammatestreatedmelikeafriend.WhenIlookbackonmylifeandIthinkaboutanyoneonthatteam,noonemadefunofmeforhavingnolegsandtheyweresokind.”Longdefied(顶住)alloddsandsurprisedeveryonewhenshequalifiedatageonly12fortheParalympicsin2004inAthens.AfterfourParalympics,Longhaswon13gold,sixsilver,andfourbronzemedals.ShehasdozensofWorldChampionshipmedalsandhasbrokennumerousworldrecordsthroughouthercareersofar.Butshedidn’tconcentrateonwinningawardsorbeingfamous.“Ireallyjustloveswimming.It’simportantforanyathletetorememberjustwhyyoustarted,”shesaid.Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long’sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongasherbodyallows.“Dreambig,”shesaid.“Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.Youdefineyourownsuccess.”4.HowoldwasLongwhenshefoundherlifesport?A.11 B.10. C.12. D.13.5.WhatmadeJessicadeterminetodevoteherselftoswimming?A.Herexperienceofwinning13goldmedals.B.Herparents’supportandteachers’help.C.Herteammates’understandingandkindness.D.Herfocusonwinningawardsandfame.6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Apoororphanageandherclosefriends.B.Ahappygirlandherconfusingchildhood.C.Anamazingillnessanditsterribleinfluence.D.Aninspiringstoryaboutanunluckyperson.7.WhichofthefollowingmayLongmostagreewith?A.Ifyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.B.Ifyouwanttosucceed,learntoswim.C.Amanneverreachessuccessuntildisabled.D.Asportsman’sgoaliswinninggoldmedals.CNeuroscientists(神经科学家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone’sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuro-scientificsenseifwediditreasonably.Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn’thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.B.Scientists’brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians’.C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn’tmatureuntil18.D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.9.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?A.Favorable. B.Skeptical. C.Indifferent. D.Intolerant.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.It’sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.BThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA.C.It’sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?C.ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?DBothlab-grownandplant-basedalternativesareclosetothetasteandnutritionalvalueofrealmeatwithoutenvironmentaldamage.TheUNexpectstheworldtohave9.8billionpeopleby2050.Bythatdate,accordingtothepredictions,humanswillconsume70%moremeatthantheydidin2005.Anditturnsoutthatraisinganimalsforhumanconsumptionisamongtheworstthingswedototheenvironment.Dependingontheanimal,producingapoundofmeatproteinwithWestemindustrializedmethodsneeds4to25timesmorewater,6to17timesmoreland,and6to20timesmorefossilfuelsthanproducingapoundofplantprotein.Theproblemisthatpeoplearen’tlikelytostopeatingmeatanytimesoon.Thismeanslab-grownandplant-basedalternativesmightbethebestwaytolimitthedamage.Makinglab-grownmeatinvolvesgettingmuscletissuefromanimalsandgrowingitinbioreactors.Theendproductlooksmuchlikewhatyou’dgetfromananimal,althoughresearchersarestillworkingonthetaste.ResearchersatMaastrichtUniversity,whoareworkingtoproducelab-grownmeatatscale,believethey’llhavealab-grownburgeravailablebynextyear.Oneshortcomingoflab-grownmeatisthattheenvironmentalbenefitsarestillsmall-arecentWorldEconomicForumreportsaystheemissionsfromlab-grownmeatwouldbeonlyaround7％lessthanemissionsfrombeefproduction.Abetterenvironmentalcasecanbemadeforplant-basedmeatsfromcompanieslikeBeyondMeatFoodswhichusepeaproteins,wheat,potatoes,andplantoilstomimictherealtasteofanimalmeat.AccordingtoananalysisbytheCenterforSustainableSystemsattheUniversityofMichigan,aBeyondMeatpiewouldprobablygenerate90%lessgreenhouse-gasemissionsthanatraditionalburgermadefromacow.12.Whywerelab-grownandplant-basedmeatintroduced?A.Toeatmoretastyanddeliciousmeat. B.Toreducedamagetotheenvironment.C.Tohaveasmuchproteinaspeoplecan. D.Toridtheworldofseverehungerproblems.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutlab-grownmeatfromParagraph3?A.Makinglab-grownmeatinvolveskillinganimalsfirst.B.Consuminglab-grownmeatcanberealizednextyear.C.Thecostoflab-grownbeefis7%cheaperthanrealbeef.D.Thedamageoflab-grownmeattotheenvironmentisstillbig.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mimic”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Copy. B.Ruin. C.Change. D.Sell.15.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Asciencemagazine. D.Acourseplan.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Arhetoricalquestionisaquestionthatrequiresnoreply,eitherbecausetheanswerisobviousorbecausetheaskeralreadyknowstheanswer.Asoneofthemostcommonlyusedpersuasivetechniquesforspeeches,itissoeffectiveatattractingyouraudience.____16____.So,youneedtofindtherightbalance!Forceyouraudiencetothink.____17____,andyouraudiencewillstartthinkingabouttheanswersbythemselves.Thesequestionsdon’thavefixedorstandardanswers.Forexample,“Whatdoyouthinktheworldwilllooklikein50years?Whatweresomeideasthatpoppedintoyourhead?Istheworldexactlythesameasourstoday?Doesithavelevitatingcarsandmagicglasses?Orisitdyingfromclimatechange?”Yousee,whensomeoneasksyouarhetoricalquestion,youstarttoexploredifferentideasinyourmind.____18____.Emphasizeaspecificpoint.Youcanuserhetoricalquestionstoemphasizeyourpreviousstatement.____19____.Forexample:“67%ofallAustraliansareoverweight.Areyouoneofthem?”Here,therhetoricalquestionhammersthepreviousstatementinyourmind.Yourealizethat67%isactuallyareallyhighpercentage.Evokeemotions.Rhetoricalquestionscanalsoevokeemotionsbyputtingtheaudienceinasituationwheretheycanhavereal-timeexperiencewithwhatisbeingdiscussed.Let’schangethestatement“Futuregenerationswillneverseetigersorpolarbearsagain”intoarhetoricalquestion“Whatifyourchildandtheirchildcanneverseeatigerorpolarbearagain?”____20____.Thishelpsyouconvincethemtobelieveyourspeech.A.Askopen-endedquestionsB.WhenyouraudiencethinkyouareanicemanC.UsenewtechnologiestopreventyouraudiencefromtakinganapDManypeoplewillbecertainlyemotionalbyhearingsuchquestionsE.ThiswillmakeyouraudiencethinkhardaboutwhatyousaidjustnowF.YoumightevenfindyourselfexploringnewpossibilitiesyouneverthoughtbeforeG.However,overusingrhetoricaltechniquescanalsomakeyourspeechsoundtoorepetitive第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Almosteightyearsago,Nixondecidedtobegineachdayfromabench,enjoyingaspectacularsunriseattheSt.Petersburg,Florida,waterfront.“Icallit‘liferising’becausewatchinga____21____makesmefeelcenteredbeforestartingmyday,”saysNixon.It’sNixon’sown____22____ofhismotivation.However,ayearlater,apassingwoman____23____hisoriginalthoughtonhisdaily____24____.Shesaid,“EverymorningwhenIseeyousittinghere,Iknowthat____25____isgoingtobeOK.”Nixon____26____“ItwasatthatmomentthatIsuddenlyrealized:Everypersonwhostoppedbythebench____27____myattention.Ineededtomakeeye____28____andletpeopleknowwe____29____toeachother.”Insteadofjust______30______atthesunrise,Nixonstartedsmilingatpeopleandlendinga(n)______31______tolistentothemwithoutaskingforanyreturn.Andprettysoon,hestarted______32______withsomeearlyriserswhobeganjoininghimonthebench.Later,somestrangerseven______33______themselvesouttoturntoNixonforadviceaboutrelationships,careers,andpersonalproblems.“Iwashappyto______34______,”Nixon,59,says,“Iwantedpeopletoknowthattheyneedn’tfeel______35______orupsetwhenwalkingaway.Atthisperiodinlife,thisis______36______mypurpose.”So,everymorning,weatherpermitting,Nixon______37______at4:30a.m,putsonahat,sipsacupofcoffee,then______38______thewaterfront,wherehe’llstayfortwohours.Hispresence,his______39______tolisten,andhiskindnesstoward______40______,haveledsometonicknamehimtheSunshineMayor.21.A.sea B.wave C.sunrise D.passer-by22.A.description B.organization C.invitation D.addition23.A.posted B.ignored C.regretted D.changed24.A.routine B.appointment C.business D.movement25.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing26.A.rewards B.reports C.rebuilds D.recalls27.A.avoided B.deserved C.attempted D.paid28.A.direction B.information C.escape D.contact29.A.belonged B.separated C.mattered D.devoted30.A.staring B.glaring C.watching D.enjoying31.A.heart B.ear C.nose D.eye32.A.vacations B.conflicts C.arguments D.conversations33.A.worked B.left C.poured D.pointed34.A.listen B.leave C.stay D.sit35.A.friendly B.silly C.lonely D.likely36.A.regularly B.definitely C.secretly D.frequently37.A.rises B.sleeps C.works D.starts38.A.headsup B.headson C.headsfor D.headsback39.A.selfishness B.loneliness C.hardness D.openness40.A.colleagues B.strangers C.friends D.acquaintances第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Dailyactivitiesand____41____(ceremony)toshowfilialpiety(孝心)havebeenanessentialpartoftraditionalChinesevirtues,andoneimportantoccasioninautumnistheChongyangFestival,orDoubleNinthFestival,which____42____(observe)ontheninthdayoftheninthmonthontheChineselunarcalendar,isanimportantoccasiontoshowlovetowardparents.Familieswilltakeseniorstoclimbupthemountains____43____(enjoy)thecool,refreshingairofthefall,appreciateavarietyofchrysanthemums(菊花)infullbloomandwishforlivinglong,amongotheractivitiestocheeruptheelderlyandmake____44____(they)well-preparedforthecomingwinter.Thisyear,ChongyangFestivalfellonOct4.ChinaTraditionalCulturalMuseummountedaseriesofpublicprogramsto____45____(rich)people’sholidayandenhancetheatmosphereoftheChongyangFestival.Experiencedhandicrafts(手工艺人)wereatthesitetoshowskills____46____relatetothelivesofoldpeopleinthepast.Forexample,HeKaiying____47____thetime-hon