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虚拟语气

1)概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。2)在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。时间谓语动词的虚拟形式if从句主句现在动词过去式(be多用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词将来动词过去式或should/wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形Ⅰif条件句的虚拟语气

1.与现在事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+v-ed,主语+would(might,could,should)+v.Eg:Ifweleftnow,weshouldarriveingoodtime.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.与过去事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+hadv-ed,主语+would(或might,could,should)+havev-ed.Eg:Ifwehadhadtime,Wewouldhavedroppedby.IfIhadn’tbeentold,Iwouldn’thaveknownwhatthesewerefor.与将来事实相反时,其表现形式为:

if主语+should(或wereto)v.,主语+Would(或might,could,should)+v.Eg:Ifyoudropped

theglass,itwouldbreak.Ifyouleaved

thereforawhile,you'dchangeyourmindaboutthatplace.

虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点:1.错综时间句的虚拟语气当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整.如:Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospitalnow.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldknowwhatwearedoingnow.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should,were,had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?注意:

在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。

典型例题

_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.

A.IfwereIB.Iwere

C.WereI

D.WasI

在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.1.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_________allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen2.__________anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.ThereshouldbePractise3.__________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave4.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved5.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have6.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldhavesnowedC.snowD.willsnow7.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmakeC.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade8.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe1.useotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(Iftherewerenotair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.

(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)

Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)2.Inadverbialclausesintroducedby

evenif,asif,

asthoughandifonlywecanuseunrealconditionals.即使生了病,他也去办公室。

Evenifhewereill,hewouldgotohisoffice.

他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallywatchedit.虚拟语气特殊句型:wish/ifonly

现在:过去:未来:did(were)haddonewoulddo

IwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(将来)IfonlyI

knew

hisname!Ifonlywe

hadfollowed

youradvice!IfonlyI

couldsee

himagain!

要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了!Ifonlyourparents

could

livewith

us!IfonlyI

hadn’tmissed

thetrain!

IwishI

were

astallasyou.我希望和你一样高。

Hewishedhe

hadn’tsaid

that.他希望他没讲那样的话。

Iwishit

wouldrain

tomorrow.我希望明下雨就好了。2)wishtodo表达法。

wishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat现在:过去:未来:Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.

Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire

这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom

havearest.HeinsistedthatI

(should)be

present.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners

bekilled

thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe

(should)send

themtoworkthere.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesen

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