2023年考研考博-考博英语-华中科技大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案篇

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-华中科技大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题1.科学家认为，出生在夏天将赋予你开朗的性情，而出生在冬天则可能给你的快乐蒙上永久的阴影。实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响人体生物钟运转的速度。冬天出生的人体内的生物钟运转得太慢，从而可能对健康和性格产生影响。这一离奇有趣的理论来自一项对老鼠的研究，该研究把刚出生的老鼠暴露在不等量的光线下长达数月。2.有些老鼠被放置在夏天的光照条件下，每天有16小时的“白天”和8个小时的“黑夜”。其他老鼠则只有8个小时的“白天”，和冬天昼短夜长的光照条件类似。在这些老鼠断奶后，它们被放置在相同的光照周期中长达数周，或转换到相反的光照环境。最后，科学家把它们都放置到黑暗中，观察它们的反应。3.根据《自然神经科学》杂志的报道，那些在夏天的光照条件下成长起来的老鼠像往常一样作息，而那些在缺少光线的环境中成长起来的老鼠在应对这一变化时却显得吃力。研究者道格拉斯•麦克马洪教授说：“在冬天的光照周期中成长起来的老鼠对于季节的变化表现出夸大的反应，这和得了季节性情感抑郁症的人类病患的反应极其相似。”2.翻译题1.EversincethefinancialtsunamisweptallbeforeitinSeptember2008,manypeoplehavesavedfuriously.That’sagoodthing,butthere’satemptationtolosethatdisciplineoncethestormcloudsstarttobreak.Whiletheeconomyremainsfragileandmanypeoplearestilloutofwork,signsofrecoveryarebecomingmoreandmoreapparent.AmongyourNewYear’sresolutionsincludeasavingsgoal?Thatisafunctionofyourregularincome,evenifit’snotalargeamountofmoney.Maintainingthedisciplineiscrucial.Theamountofsavingscangrowovertime.2.Adviceonhowtosaveforretirementoryourkid’scollegeisplentiful.Lessplentifulisguidanceonwhatkindofrainy-dayfundyoushouldhave.3.Arainy-dayfund,whichyoursavingsplancanfeed,shouldcoveraboutsixmonthsofincome.It’saformofpersonalinsurance,valuableintheserapidlychangingtimes.Thisfundshouldbekeptinsafeandeasy-to-tapassets.Ladderingcertificatesofdepositoutsixmonthsisoneway.3.单选题PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.问题1选项A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.问题2选项A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.问题3选项A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.问题4选项A.Dreamyandescapist.B.Nostalgicandidealistic.C.Fancifulandimaginative.D.Transcendentalandimpractical.问题5选项A.enthusiasticB.condemnatoryC.cautiousD.noncommittal4.单选题ThoughonemayquestionthedegreetowhichtheCivilWarrepresentsamilestoneinwomen’spursuitofsocial,economic,andpoliticalequality,Leonard’srecentstudyhasexcelledthatofherpredecessorGinzbergindebunkingpersistentmythsaboutwomen’sprimaryrelationtothewarasweepingwidows,self-sacrificingwives,patrioticfiancees,andloyaldaughters.Leonardasksifthewartimeworkofnorthernwomeninfluencedpopularperceptionsofwomen’sabilities,andifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers.Findingintheaffirmative,shearguesthathomefrontactivitiesgeneratedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen,whileparticipationreinforcedtheirself-relianceandself-esteem.Incontrasttoherpredecessors,whosawthewarastransformingtheideologyofbenevolence,Leonardfindsthatwomen’swarworkdrewheavilyupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.Itwasoncebelievedthatwartimebenevolenceheightenedchangesemerginginthe1850sbyreplacingtheantebellumideologyofgenderdifferenceandfemalemoralsuperioritywithanewideologyofgendersimilarityandamoremasculineethosofdisciplineandefficiency.Leonardassertsinsteadthatwhite,middle-class,Yankee,charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhoodand,inparticular,woman’suniquemoralresponsibilityformaintainingcommunityandhernaturalselflessnessandcaretakingabilities,toexpandtheboundariesofwoman’sproperplace.Withdeterminationandcourage,womenbroughtforthpositivechangesinpopularcharacterizationsofmiddle-classwomanhoodthatopenednewdoorsforwomenintheprofessionsandinpubliclife.AweakpointofLeonard’stheoryisherassessmentofthethemesofpostwarhistoriesofwomen’swartimeservice.Leonardviewstheseworksasextollingwomen’sself-sacrificeandabilitytocooperatemenwhiledownplayingwomen’sdemandsforstatusandpayandignoringthescopeofwomen’sadministrativegenius.Butothertheorists,mostnotablyGinzbergthavearguedthatthesesameworksmayalsobeviewedaspraisingtheefficiencyofthenewcentralizedandnationalcharitableorganizations,women’swage-earningcapacity,andtheirsubordinationoffemininefeelingandenthusiasmtobusiness-likeandwar-likeroutinizationandorder.Twosetsofvalues—oldernotionsofbenevolenceandnewdemandsofpublicservice—wereatwarintheNorth,awarthatcanbeplottedthroughtensionsaboutpayingwages,centralizingcorporatefunctionsofbenevolence,relatingbenevolencetogovernment,andusingfundsforadministrative—asopposedtostrictlycharitable—purposes.Itmaywellbethatwartimemasculinizationoftheideologyofbenevolencepushedwomenfurtherfromboththesymbolicandtherealcentersofpowerforsocialchangeandhastenedinsteadaclass-basedallianceforsocialwelfare.ButwecanagreewithLeonardthatthewarforcedmentoyieldground,sharingandsometimesevensurrenderingterritory,power,andstatusinthepublicrealm.

25.WhichoftheFollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?26.Accordingtothepassage，Leonardassertsthatwomen’sactivitiesduringtheCivilWarhadallofthefollowingpositiveeffectsEXCEPT27.Itcanbeinferred-fromthepassagethatLeonardwouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofwomenduringtheCivilWar?I.Antebellumvalueswereexpanded,notreplaced,inordertodevelopnewdefinitionsofwomanhood.II.Historianshavepaidinsufficientattentiontodemandsforhigherstatuswomenmadeduringthewar.III.Onthewhole,thewarwasdetrimentaltotheperceptionofwomen.28.ItcanbeinferredthatLeonardwouldmostlikelyconsiderwhichofthefollowinghypotheticalcasesofCivilWarwomentheLEASTsupportiveofherthesis?29.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?30.WithwhichofthefollowingcriticismsofLeonard'stheorywouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?问题1选项A.TheInfluenceofElizabethLeonardonHistoriansofFeminismintheCivilWarB.Leonard’sExplanationofHowtheCivilWarImprovedthePlightofWomenC.FeminismintheCivilWar:NewControversyAboutanOldSubjectD.TheHeritageofBenevolence:TheCivilWar’sContributiontoWomen'sCharitableOrganizations问题2选项A.Theywerepraisedasaidingthewarcause.B.Theyimprovedwomen'seconomicsituation.C.Theywereconsideredproofofwomen’sabilitiestoorganizethemselves.D.Theycreatednewoccupationalopportunitiesforwomen.问题3选项A.IonlyB.IIonlyC.IandIIonlyD.I,II,andIII问题4选项A.Awidowwhopatrioticallyrefusedtoremarry,evenafterhersoldierhusbandwaskilledinbattleB.AwomanwhoshiftedfromworkingasaseamstresstorunninganarmyuniformfactoryC.AwomanwhodressedasaSouthernsoldierinordertocrossenemylinesasaspyD.Awomanwhoestablishedacharityinordertocollectmoneyforprosthesesforwaramputees问题5选项A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussesareasforpossiblenewresearch.B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis,drawsontheworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis,C.TheauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargumentD.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy,describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue问题6选项A.Itlaystoomuchimportanceupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.B.Itfailstoacknowledgethatmasculinizationofwar-timeeffortsmayhavebeendetrimentaltothefeministcause.C.Ittendstooveremphasizetheroleofwomeninshiftingtheirstatusoverthecourseofthewar.D.Itbasesitsthesistooexclusivelyonwhite,Yankee,middle-classwomen,ignoringeveryothersocialandracialclass.5.翻译题1.上周四，世界观察研究学会一年一度的“地球健康体检”报告出炉。2005年，地球的森林砍伐量创历史新高，这是该报告强调的众多环境问题征兆之一。该驻华盛顿智囊机构在一份题为《地球生命征兆2007-2008》的报告中指出，从肉类消费量的不断增长到亚洲经济发展等各种全球性态势与气候变化这一显著问题都有关系。“地球声明征兆2007-2008”项目的负责人说，“我认为气候变化是人类有史以来所面临的最严峻的挑战”。在报告公布前，阿萨多利安在接受记者的电话采访时说，2.“我们可以看到气候变化中出现的众多趋势，比如，粮食生产受到洪涝灾害的影响；以及肉类生产，据统计，家禽饲养过程中所产生的温室气体占温室气体总排放量的20%”。阿萨多利安说，3.这份报告的主题是，二氧化碳排放及其他生态灾难引起气候变化，“不可持续”的消费模式才是气候变化的罪魁祸首。6.单选题ComedianGeorgeCarlinhasaroutineinwhichhetalksabouthowhumansseemtospendtheirlivesaccumulating“stuff”.Oncethey’vegatheredenoughstuff,theyhavetofindplacestostoreallofit.IfCarlinweretoupdatethatroutinetoday,hecouldmakethesame（1）aboutcomputerinformation.Itseemsthateveryonewithacomputerspendsalotoftimeacquiringdataandthentryingtofindawayto（2）it.Forsomecomputerowners,findingenoughstoragespacetoholdallthedatathey’veacquiredisarealchallenge.Somepeopleinvestinlargerharddrives.Othersprefer（3）storagedeviceslikethumbdrivesorcompactdiscs.Desperatecomputerownersmightdeleteentirefoldersworthofoldfilesinordertomakespacefornewinformation.（4）somearechoosingtorelyonagrowingtrend:cloudstorage.Whilecloudstoragesoundslikeithassomethingtodowithweather（5）andstormsystems,itreallyreferstosavingdata（6）anoff-sitestoragesystemmaintainedbyathirdparty.（7）storinginformationtoyourcomputer’sharddriveorotherlocalstoragedevice,yousaveittoaremotedatabase.TheInternetprovidestheconnectionbetweenyourcomputerandthedatabase.Onthesurface,cloudstoragehasseveraladvantages（8）traditionaldatastorage.Forexample,ifyoustoreyourdataonacloudstoragesystem,you’llbeabletogettothatdatafromanylocationthathasInternetaccess.You（9）needtocarryarounda（10）storagedeviceorusethesamecomputertosaveand（11）yourinformation.Withtherightstoragesystem,youcouldevenallowotherpeopletoaccessthedata,turningapersonalprojectintoa（12）effort.Socloudstorageisconvenientandoffersmore（13）,buthowdoesitwork?Therearehundredsofdifferentcloudstoragesystems.Somehaveaveryspecific（14）,suchasstoringWebe-mailmessagesordigitalpictures.Othersare（15）tostoreallformsofdigitaldata.Somecloudstoragesystemsaresmalloperations,whileothersaresolargethatthephysicalequipmentcanfill（16）anentirewarehouse.Thefacilitiesthat（17）loudstoragesystemsarecalleddatacenters.Atitsmostbasiclevel,acloudstoragesystemneedsjustonedataserver（18）totheInternet.Aclient,e.g.acomputerusersubscribingtoacloudstorageservicesendscopiesoffilesovertheInternettothedataserver,whichthenrecordstheinformation.Whentheclientwishestoretrievetheinformation,heorsheaccessesthedataserverthroughaWeb-basedinterface.Theservertheneithersendsthefilesbacktotheclientorallowstheclienttoaccessandmanipulatethefilesontheserveritself.Cloudstoragesystemsgenerallyrelyonhundredsofdataservers.Becausecomputers（19）requiremaintenanceorrepair,it’simportanttostorethesameinformationonmultiplemachines.Thisiscalledredundancy.Withoutredundancy,acloudstoragesystemcouldn’t（20）clientsthattheycouldaccesstheirinformationatanygiventime.Mostsystemsstorethesamedataonserversthatusedifferentpowersupplies.Thatway,clientscanaccesstheirdataevenifonepowersupplyfails.问题1选项A.examinationB.observationC.inspectionD.acquaintance问题2选项A.storeB.updateC.processD.calculate问题3选项A.internalB.portableC.localD.external问题4选项A.ButB.WhileC.AndD.So问题5选项A.forecastB.reportC.frontsD.system问题6选项A.ontoB.toC.inD.upon问题7选项A.ApartfromB.OtherthanC.InsteadofD.Regardlessof问题8选项A.thanB.exceptC.forD.over问题9选项A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t问题10选项A.physicalB.substantialC.tangibleD.local问题11选项A.storeB.shareC.accessD.retrieve问题12选项A.comprehensiveB.collaborativeC.coordinatedD.combining问题13选项A.opportunityB.chanceC.convenienceD.favor问题14选项A.focusB.purposeC.useD.operation问题15选项A.availableB.capableC.applicableD.desirable问题16选项A.inB.upC.forD.into问题17选项A.holdB.saveC.houseD.run问题18选项A.connectingB.connectedC.connectD.beingconnected问题19选项A.probablyB.inconvenientlyC.invariablyD.occasionally问题20选项A.ensureB.promiseC.assureD.guarantee7.翻译题1.NaggingconcernsabouttheglobaleconomicdownturnandrisingunemploymentareforcingmanyyoungBritonstothinktwiceabouttyingtheknotthisyear,athink-tanksaidonSaturday.Almost80percentofyoungBritishcoupleslivingtogetherwanttogetmarried,thethinktankCivitassaid,butwouldreconsidertheirweddingplansduetoincreasingjoblossesascompaniescutcostsandlayoffworkers.2.“Astherecessionbitesit’sgoingtobeharderforpartnerstomakethatcommitment—withoutfinancialstabilityandjobstheywon’thavetheconfidencetosay‘Ido’,”thedirectoroffamilyandeducationatCivitas,said.Thestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostThestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostimportantreasontogetmarried,andonlytwopercentconsideredmarriagefortaxadvantages.“Ifmyboyfriendaskedmenow,thenIwouldstillsay‘yes’,butIwouldn’twastemymoneyforahigh-profilewedding,”JennyBrown,anemployeeworksinLondon’scentralfinancialdistrict.ButDeWaalsaidtherecessionwouldhaveaseriousimpactonplanningalifetogether.“Thisisnotaboutbeingabletoaffordafancyweddingdressfor10,000poundsornot.”3.ABritishSocialAttitudessurveyinJanuaryfoundthatyoungpeopleshowedalesstraditionalattitudetowardsmarriageandwouldputtheircareersfirst.About40percentofpeopleagedbetween18to34saidmarriagewasstillthe“bestkindofrelationship,”comparedwith84percentofpeopleaged65andover,itsaid.8.单选题strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.Therapidadvancesmadeinx-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstarratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,x-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz'workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpredictionsoftheinstabilityofaccretiondiskswerebasedonwhichofthefollowing?3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAbramowicz’workcanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?5.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?6.Thepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheprogressofknowledgeinastrophysics?7.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtothestudyofordinarystars,thestudyofaccretiondisksis（

）.

8.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz’workisthatit（

）.问题1选项A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicistsB.providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewworkC.definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobservedD.exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondiskE.describingthephenomenonofaccretiondisksandreviewingseveralconflictingtheoriesoftheirorigins问题2选项A.AcalculationoftheprobableeffectsofstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsB.AcalculationoftheprobablerelationshipbetweengeneralrelativityandstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsC.AcalculationoftheenergyreleasedbyfrictionwithinacompactstarD.Observationofthex-raysradiatedbycompactstarsE.Observationoftheclumpingofaccretiondiskmatterintoringsaroundcompactstars问题3选项A.uncertainapprovalB.unqualifiedrespectC.mildinterestD.carefuldismissalE.hostileskepticism问题4选项A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.B.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.C.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.E.Itexplainsthebehaviorofaccretiondisksaswellasthatofordinarystars.问题5选项A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.B.Improvedtechniquesinx-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.E.Thegravitationalpotentialofcompactstarsdoesnotvaryfromstartostar.问题6选项A.Adherencetooutdatedtheorieshas,inthepast,limitedtheactivitiesofastrophysicistsandrestrictedprogress.B.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredonlyasaresultofsignificantbreakthroughsinbasicphysicsandchemistry.C.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredasaresultofaprocessofdefiningandsolvingrestrictedproblems.D.Giventherecentacquisitionofknowledgeaboutthenuclearprocessesofstars,furtherprogressislikelytobelimitedtotherefinementofwhatisalreadyknown.E.Conclusionsinastrophysicshave,inthepast,beenseriouslyflawed,thuslimitingprogress,althoughtherehaverecentlybeensignsofchange.问题7选项A.derivativeB.moresophisticatedC.lessclearlyfocusedD.atanearlierstageofdevelopmentE.moredependentontechnologicaladvances问题8选项A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystarB.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstarC.acollisionbetweentwostarsD.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstarE.theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar问题9选项A.providesameansofmeasuringthegravitationalpotentialofneutronstarsB.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomyC.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisksD.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstarsE.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation9.单选题Globalizationisaphenomenonthathasbeenaffectingcountriesandsocietiesforseveraldecades,buttheoutlineoftheglobalsystemhasonlyemergedwithsomeclarityrecently.Theriseofglobalmarketsandtheincreaseinspeedandvolumeofinternationaltransactionshasbroughtaboutadegreeofinterdependenceandco-operationineconomicmattersamongstatesthathasnotsofarbeenmatchedbyacorrespondingincreaseinrespectforandprotectionofhumanrightsanddemocracy.Indeed,manydemocraciesarestillfragile,andhavenotmadethetransitionfromviewingdemocraticpracticesasinstrumentaltohavingawidelysharedprincipledcommitmenttothedemocraticandconstitutionalframework.Theriseofglobaleconomicnetwor