2023年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Ateamofresearchers（）theproblemofdiseasesconnectedwithcontaminatedmilk.问题1选项A.addressB.interactC.wonderD.react2.单选题Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleanimalestablishesanarea.Thesizeoftheareaissufficienttoprovidefoodforhim,hismateandtheiroffspring.Migratingbirds,forexample,usedupthebestterritoryintheorderof“firstcome,first（1）.”Thelatearrivalsmayacquire（2）territories,butlessfoodisavailable,ortheyaretooclosetothe（3）oftheenemiesofthespecies.（4）thereisreallyinsufficientfoodorthedangerisverygreat,theanimalwillnot（5）.Inthisway,themembersofthespecieswhicharelessfitwillnothaveoffspring.Whenthereisconflict（6）territory,animalswillcommonlyuseforce,orashowofforce,todecidewhichwillstayandwhichwillgo.Itisinterestingtonote,（7），thatanimalsseemtouseonlytheminimumamountofforce（8）todriveawaytheintruder.Thereisusuallynokilling.Inthecaseofthoseani¬malswhicharecapableof（9）eachothergreatharm,（10）isasystemforthelosinganimaltoshowthewinninganimalthathewishestosubmit.Whenheshowsthis,thevictornormallystopsfighting.问题1选项A.useB.serveC.servedD.used问题2选项A.largerB.betterC.smallerD.worse问题3选项A.cavesB.nestsC.residencesD.habitats问题4选项A.NeitherB.IfC.SinceD.Because问题5选项A.breedB.produceC.mateD.compete问题6选项A.forB.overC.withD.by问题7选项A.moreoverB.henceforthC.howeverD.yet问题8选项A.compulsoryB.essentialC.necessaryD.vital问题9选项A.doingB.madeC.givenD.sending问题10选项A.thisB.thatC.itD.there3.单选题Pleasedonotbe（

）byhisoffensiveremarkssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.问题1选项A.distractedB.disregardedC.irritatedD.intervened4.单选题Themanagerpromisedtopaythemwellandinreturnhewouldexpecttheirloyaltyand（）.问题1选项A.executionB.commitmentC.enduranceD.persistence5.单选题Einsteinwasamandeeply（）totheidealofthemorallyresponsiblescientist.问题1选项A.affectedB.committedC.subjectedD.maintained6.单选题Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltisbadforyou—regardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship，”USCongressmanNealSmithnoted,betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.’’Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureunderwentnochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation，”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Foranaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“lowsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayesJr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.’’Infact,thereisincreasingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium,obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium),genericpredisposition,stress.“Itisnotyourenemy，”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（

）2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（

）3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（

）4.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?问题1选项A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth.B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders.C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases.D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease.问题2选项A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople.B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure.C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient.D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone.问题3选项A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt.B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt.C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease.D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation.问题4选项A.Thatthesaltscareisnotjustified.B.Thattheoriginofhypertensionisnowfound.C.Thatthemoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.D.Thatsaltconsumptionistobepromoted.7.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant8.单选题Usingmanysymbolsmake（）toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.问题1选项A.possibleB.itpossibleC.itispossibleD.thatpossible9.单选题Sheistryingto（）himbyphoneasshehassomeveryimportantnewsforhim.问题1选项A.touchB.reachC.connectD.attain10.单选题Thepassengerscarriedondrinkinganddancing（）unawareoftheimpendingdisaster.

问题1选项A.witheringlyB.contemptuouslyC.morallyD.blissfully第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。address“处理”;interact“相互作用”;wonder“想知道”;react“反应”。句意：一组研究人员把这种疾病和被污染的牛奶联系起来。选项A符合题意。2.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:B第7题:C第8题:C第9题:A第10题:D【解析】（1）考查上下文语义。根据上下文，迁徙的候鸟按先到先得的顺序占用领地，所以firstcome,firstserve符合文章意思。选项C符合题意。（2）考查上下文语义。根据下文“butlessfoodisavailable”，可以推断这块领土面积更大，但是食物较少，larger和less形成对比。选项A符合题意。（3）名词词义辨析。cave“洞穴”；nest“鸟巢”；residence“人的住处”；habitat“动物柄息地”。根据文意，这些领地离敌对物种的栖息地较近。选项D符合题意。（4）考查上下文语义，如果食物太少或者领地太危险，这些动物是不会交配的。选项B符合题意。（5）考查上下文语义。根据下文“themembersofthespecieswhicharelessfitwillnothaveoffspring.”不那么容易适应环境的物种就不会有后代，可推断出谈论的动物的交配问题。选项C符合题意。（6）介词辨析。根据上下文，如果在领土方面存在冲突，动物们通常会使用武力决定谁走谁留。选项B符合题意。（7）考查上下文语义。根据上文“animalswillcommonlyuseforce”和下文“theminimumamountofforce”，可知动物用武力占据领地，用最少的武力赶走入侵者，所以前后形成对比，有转折的关系。选项C符合题意。（8）形容词词义辨析。compulsory“义务的”；essential“基本的，实质的”；vital“重大的，至关重要的”；necessary“必要的”句意：动物往往在必要的时候用最小的武力来驱赶侵略者。选项C符合题意。（9）考查固定搭配。dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人造成伤害，句意：对于那些能够相互造成巨大伤害的动物，有一种方式，可以让输的动物向赢的动物表明顺从的意愿。选项A符合题意。（10）考查语法知识。therebe为固定用法，表示“某地有某物”，选项D符合题意。3.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。distract“使心烦意乱”；disregard“忽视，不尊重”；irritate“刺激，激怒”；intervene“干涉，调停”。句意：请不要被他无礼的评论所激怒，因为他只是想引起注意。选项C符合题意。4.【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。Execution“实行，执行”；commitment“承诺，承担义务”；endurance“忍耐，持久性”。句意：这位经理承诺给他们高报酬，并且作为回报，他能够得到他们的忠诚对待和义务的承担。选项B符合题意。5.【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨