系统英语翻译讲义

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太奇2014年管理类专业 联考辅导

系统班英语翻译讲义

编讲：

1.

Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureasthey

haveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.

2.

Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,including

nonstandardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.

3.

InAustralia-whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchanging

communityattitudeshaveallyedtheirpart，otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.

4.

ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUnitedStates

thandidHenryFord,apioneerinautoproduction.

5.

Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatits

advocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.

6.

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Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalandamateursinscience:exceptioncanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthe concernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotshareitsvalues.

7.

Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levin

assertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills’andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.

8.

Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree

decadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

9.

Theoriginalwriterisnotonewhodoesnotimitateothers,butonewhocanbeimitatedby

none.

10.

Thesoulischaracterizedbythesecapacities;self-nutrition,sensation,thinking,and

movement.

11.

Thethinkerdies;buthisthoughtsarebeyondthereachofdestruction.

12.

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Theartofbeingwiseistheartofknowingwhattooverlook.

13.

Lifeislikeay;It’snotthelength,buttheexcellenceoftheactingthatmatters.

14.

YoulaughatmebecauseI'mdifferent.Ilaughatyoubecauseyou'reallthesame.

15.

Regardlessheadtopwhatkindofthesky,Iwillgreetthewholestorm.

1

Wehavebiggerhousesandsmallerfamilies;moreconveniences,butlesstime;wehavemoredegrees,butlesscommonsense;moreknowledge,butlessjudgment;moreexperts,butmoreproblems;moremedicine,butlesswellness.

Wespendtoorecklessly,laughtoolittle,drivetoofast,gettoangrytooquickly,stayuptoolate,getuptootired,readtoolittle,watchTVtoooften,andpraytooseldom.

Wehavemultipliedourpossessions,butreducedourvalues.Wetalktoomuch,lovetoolittleandlietoooften.We'velearnedhowtomakealiving,butnotalife;we'veaddedyearstolife,notlifetoyears.

Wehavetallerbuildings,butshortertempers;widerways,butnarrowerviewpoints.Wespendmore,buthaveless;webuymore,butenjoyitless.

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We'vebeenallthewaytothemoonandback,buthavetroublecrossingthestreettomeetthenewneighbor.We'veconqueredouterspace,butnotinnerspace.We'vesplittheatom,butnotourprejudice;wewritemore,butlearnless;nmore,but plishless.

We'velearnedtorush,butnottowait;wehavehigher es,butlowermorals.Webuildmorecomputerstoholdmoreinformation,toproducemorecopies,buthavelesscommunication.Wearelongonty,butshortonquality.

Thesearethetimesoffastfoodsandslowdigestion;tallmenandshortcharacter;steepprofitsandshallowrelationships.Moreleisureandlessfun;morekindsoffood,butlessnutrition;two es,butmoredivorce;fancierhouses,butbrokenhomes.

Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheir eswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride."Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,"accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofernment,"ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-inWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas"agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates."

Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetary,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"or"atouchonthebrakes",makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforechangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrearviewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digit

rateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professional,transportation,andpublic-utilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorserviceor,inotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.

Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadedandhowcompromiseisreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthyandim al.ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemulti-million-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator'srole esthatofanim alpurveyorofinformationandcash.

6

Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthe

definingfeatureofeconomiclife.Creativityhascometobevalued,becausenew,newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit.Andasaresult,ourlivesandsocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas.Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage.

Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday,andinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving–-nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketce--alwayshavecomefrom”betterrecipes,notjustmorecooking.”Onemightarguethat’snotstrictlytrue.Onemightpointout,forinstance,thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes,muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionsliketheengine,butfromthewidespreadapplicationof“cookinginty”businessmethods

likemassivedivisionoflabor,concentrationofassets,verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments.

Theterm"businessmodel"firstcameintowidespreadusewiththeinventionof alcomputerandthespreadsheet(空白表格程序).Beforethespreadsheet,businessnningusuallymeantproducingasingleforecast.Atbest,youdidalittlesensitivityysisaroundtheprojection.Thespreadsheetusheredinamuchmoreyticapproachtonningbecauseeverymajorlineitemcouldbepulledapart,itcomponentsand ponentsyzedandtested.Youcouldaskwhat-ifquestionsaboutthecriticalassumptionsonwhichyourbusinessdepended-forexample,whatifcustomersaremoreprice-sensitivethanwethought?Andwithafewkeystrokes,youcouldseehowanychangewouldyoutoneveryaspectofthewhole.Inotherwords,youcouldmodelthebehaviorofbusiness.Beforethecomputerchangedthenatureofbusinessnning,mostsuccessful