Unit+4+Scientists+who+changed+the+world+Grammar+and+Usage+课件【高效课堂+备课精研】 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

新牛津译林版高中英语必修三

Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld

GrammarandUsageExploringtherulesWhyintheabovefivesentencesverb-edformsareusedratherthanverb-ingforms?Exploringtherules

Theverb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoran

adverb,indicatinga(n)(1)_______(active/passive)meaning.

passiveRule1ExploringtherulesVerb-edformsasattributivessomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformsasadverbialsVerb-edformsasobjectcomplementsthepreparedmindsurprisedbythisgetitsmassproductionstartedExploringtherulesHenryisreadingasciencemagazinearticleaboutaworld-changingdiscovery.Findtheverb-ed

formsinthearticleandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirsthasbeendoneforyou.Theverb-edformcanappearbeforeorafteranounorpronoun.Itmodifiesthenounorpronounlikea(n)(2)_____________(relativeclause/adverbialclause).

relativeclauseRule2Rule3Theverb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.Exploringtherules

Exploringtherules偶然地，意外地远非，几乎相反V-edformsasattributivessomethingproducedbythemouldV-edformsasadverbialsV-edformsasobjectcomplementsthepreparedmindgetitsmassproductionstartedSurprisedbythisWorkingOuttheRules1.作定语（1）单个的动词-ed

形式作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面除外，相当于一个形容词。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.注意：①

有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后。

②如果被修饰词是由some/any/no+thing/body/one构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，也放在被修饰词之后。Thereisnofoodleftonthetable.Isthereanythingunsolved?补充：有时修饰与人有关的表情、眼神、声音等Shehadascaredlookonherface.thecolorTVset

producedlastyear

=thecolorTVset

thatwasproducedlastyear

aletter

writtentomebymydaughter

=aletter

thatwaswrittentomebymydaughter

一封我女儿写给我的信去年生产的彩色电视机

（2）动词-ed形式短语作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasacceptedbythemanager.Thehouses,builtlastyear,weredestroyedbytheearthquakeyesterday.=Thehouses,whichwerebuiltlastyear,weredestroyedbytheearthquakeyesterday.去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。

Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.=Someofthem,whowerebornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.

他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。（3）动词-ed形式短语作定语也可以作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasagreatsuccess.1.Therewasan________(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.2.It’swrongforthe___________(develop)countriestocontroltheworld.3.Ihavecollectedallthemoney_________(need).4.Thisistheproblem___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.5.The___________(surprise)lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadnotexpectedso.6.Mostofthepeople__________(invite)tothepartyarefamousscientists.7.TheEMS__________(post)yesterdaywillreachmybrotherinthreedays.8.Therehasbeennothing___________(change)heresinceIleftthiscity.9.Sheisa___________(respect)teacher.

excited

developed

needed

discussed

surprisedinvitedposted

changed

respectedPractice2.作状语动词-ed形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况，在作用上相当于相应的状语从句，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。

时间：Bornatthebeginningofthecentury,hebecamepresidentintheearly1940’s.原因：

Depressed,hewenttoseehiseldersister.

条件：

Givenmoretimeandsupport,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.让步（相当于though/although引导的让步状语从句）：

Triedagain,theexperimentstillcouldn’tgiveusasatisfyinganswer.方式或者伴随：Theteachersattheretellingstories,surroundedbyalotofstudents.

动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个连

词，使动词-ed形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条件

等关系更清楚。这类连词包括although，if，once，though

，when，while，whenever，unless，asif，eventhough等。动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个连词，使动词-ed形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条件等关系更清楚。这类连词包括although，if，once，though，when，while，whenever，unless，asif，eventhough等。e.g.Whencombinedwithpractice,theorybecomeseasiertolearn.

Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.

Unlessheated,abodywillhavenotendencytoexpand(膨胀).有些动词-ed形式因为来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，而表示状态。这样的动词-ed形式及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)，seated(坐)，hidden（躲），stationed（驻扎），born(出生)，lost/absorbedin(陷入，专注于)，dressedin(穿着)，tiredof(厌烦)等。(1)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidnothearthesound.(1)Borninthisbeautifulcity,hehatestoleaveit.

①

Destroyedbythehurricane,theoldhouseisnowheretobefound.

由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。(As/Becauseithasbeen)

②Bittenbythecobra,themanwasindanger.

因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。(Becausehewas)1.作原因状语

①Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,our

schoollooksbeautiful.

从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。②Waterboils,heatedto100℃.

水加热到100度就沸腾。(Whenitis)2.作时间状语(Whenitis)虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。

Tired,hewentonworking.(Althoughhewas)

3.作让步状语

Punishedbytheparents,hewon'tcomeagain.

他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。(Ifheis)4.作条件状语②Absorbedinthework,heneglectedfoodandsleep.

他专心于工作，废寝忘食。①Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.

她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。(andshewas)

(Hewas)

5.作伴随或方式状语Rewritethefollowingsentences,verb-edformsasadverbials.1.Hewasburiedinanoceanoflonelinessandfeltleftout.

Buriedinanoceanofloneliness,hefeltleftout.2.Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,thegirlwasnolongerafraid.

Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,thegirlwasnolongerafraid.3.Evenifhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.

Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.

______fromthetopofthebuilding,theschoollooksbeautiful.

______

fromthetopofthebuilding,wefoundtheschoolbeautiful.SeenSeeing从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。1.

__________(compare)ShanghaiwithXi'an,wefoundShanghaiislarger.2._________(compare)withXi'an,Shanghaiislarger.3.______(lose)himselfinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.4.____(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.ComparingComparedLosingLost3.作宾语补足语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语，宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系，常见的动词-ed形式做宾语补足语的动词有两类：（1）使役动词

make,get,have,keep,leave

等.

I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.Don’tleavethosethingsundone.注意：①动词-ed形式所表示的动作由他人实施。

②动词-ed形式所表示的动作由句中的主语实施。Hehadhismoneystolenwhengoingshopping.Helikestohavehisarmscrossedwhentalkingwithothers.表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：watch,observe,see,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。①Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.②

Hefoundhishousebrokenintowhenhegotbackhome.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。回到家他发现家被盗。在with的复合结构中也可用动词-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。①

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.②

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.③

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.

凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因)1.Watchingthe__________(finishing/finished)painting,Alicecouldn'thelpsmiling.2.Mostoftheartists__________(inviting/invited)tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.3.DoyoustillremembertheOlympicGames________(held/holding)

inBeijingin2008?4.The__________(surprising/surprised)lookonherfacesuggestedthatshehadn'tknownthenewsbefore.5.Therearemany________(fallen/falling)leavesonthestreet.finishedinvitedheldsurprisedfallen6.____________(frighten)bythenoiseoutside,Suedarednotsleepinherbedroom.7.___________(compare)withoursmallflat,Bill'shouseseemedlikeapalace.8.______(face)withsuchadifficulttask,wemustredoubleourefforts.9.__________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.10.Theladyreturnedhome,_________(follow)bythefamousdetectiveHolmes.FrightenedComparedFacedfollowedOrdered11.Mycomputerbrokedownthismorning,andIwillgetit_________(repair)assoonaspossible.12.Wesawthehouse________(burn)tothegroundwhenwegotthere.13.Whenheenteredtheroom,hefoundthewindow_________(break).14.Shewon'thaveherlongandbeautifulhair_____(cut)short.15.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn'tmakeherself_______(hear).repairedburnedbrokencutheardApplyingtherulesBApplyingtherulesB1

Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edformsasattributives,

adverbialsorobjectcomplementsP49B11.Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.

2.Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3.Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.4.Thescientistfoundthattheequipmentinthelaboratoryhadbeendestroyed.5.Oncethisreportisfinished,itwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.attributiveattributiveadverbialobjectcomplementadverbialHenryisreadinganarticleaboutFranklin'skiteexperiment.Completethearticlebelowwiththecorrectverb-edformsorverb-ingforms.Weshouldanalyzetherelationshipbetweenthelogicsubjectandtheverbtodecidewhetheritispassiveoractive.Sometimes,verb-edcanbeusedasanadjectivemeaning“...的”;verb-ingcanbeusedasanadjectivemeaning“令人...的”.BenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning_____________(interest)foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntoearth.interesting________(know)itwastoodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon________(tie)totheendofit.Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.Thenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.___________(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentprovedlightningreallywasjustelectricity.KnowingtiedConductedFranklinhadhistheory_________(accept)bymanypeople.However,somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,__________(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.arguingacceptedWhywasFranklin’sexperimentquestioned?Becausemanypeoplebelievedthatifhehadreallydonetheexperiment,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.UsefulexpressionsinB2:Thestorygoeslikethis...故事是这样的……workout计算出charge负责；收费；充电conductanexperiment进行实验astormyday暴风雨天adeadlyelectricshock致命的电击•LookedataworldmapandfoundtheeasterncoastlineofSouthAmericaandthewesterncoastlineofAfricacouldfittogether;•Didmoreresearchandputforwardthetheoryofcontinentaldrift;•PublishedhisideasinTheOriginofContinentsandOceans;•Peopledidnotaccepthistheorypartlybecause:

»itchallengedmanytheoriesatthattime;

»Wegenercouldnotexplainthedrivingforcebehindcontinentaldrift.

Lookingataworldmap,AlfredWegenerfound...ReadthenotesbelowaboutAlfredWegenerandhistheoryofcontinentaldrift.Thenwriteashortparagraphusingverb-edforms,verb-ingformsandto-infinitives.Thebeginninghasbeenwrittenforyou.B3UsefulexpressionsinB3:putforwardthetheory提出理论continentaldrift大陆漂移说challengethetheory挑战理论partlybecause部分原因是thedrivingforce驱动力Lookingataworldmap,AlfredWegenerfoundsomethingamazing:theeasterncoastlineofSouthAmericaandthewesterncoastlineofAfricaseemedtofittogether.Hedidmoreresearchtofindoutwhatcausedthis.Havingcollectedenoughevidence,heputforwardhistheoryofcontinentaldrift.ThenhehadhisideaspublishedinTheOriginofContinentsandOceans.However,peopledidnotbelieveinhistheory.Foronething,itchallengedmanyscientifictheorieswidelyacceptedatthattime.Foranother,Wegenerfailedtoexplainthedrivingforcecausingthecontinentstodriftapart.Sample1.

Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.实战高考。fried2.

Theyrepresenttheearth_______(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用V-ed作定语，故将frying改为fried。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comebackto之间为主动关系，所以用V-ing作后置定语。故填coming。3.Technologicalinnovations,____goodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.A.combinedwith B.combiningwith C.havingcombinedwith D.tobecombinedwith4.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes__________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.decoratedLanguagePoints1.Heobservedthatthebacteriasurroundingthemouldweredead.surround

v.tobeallaroundsth/sb(使)包围,环绕;围绕【用法】surround...with…用……包围……besurroundedby/withsth./sb.被某物/某人所包围egTalltreessurroundthelake.

Thelakeissurroundedwith/bytrees.【拓展】

surroundingadj.(作定语)周围的;附近的

surroundingsn.(pl.)环境(同environment)【语境应用】用surround的适当形式填空。1)Lucywassittingonthefloor____________bytoys.2)Wedecidedtoexplorethe_____________countryside.3)Whenhecamebacktolife,hefound

himself_____________byhischildren.4)It’simportanttoworkinfriendly______________.surroundedsurroundingsurroundedsurroundings2.Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemould

hadkilledthebacteria.indicate

v.toshowthatsthistrueorexists表明egResearchindicatesthateatinghabitsarechanging

fast.【用法】indicatesth.tosb.

向某人指示……

indicatethat...

指示……；表明……【拓展】

indicationn.象征;显示;标示

Thereisnoindicationthat...

无迹象表明……

Therearesomeindicationsthat...有迹象表明……

egThereareclearindicationsthat

theeconomyis

improving.3.Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.

幸运眷顾有准备的人。favour

v.totreatsbbetterthanyoutreatotherpeople,especiallyinanunfairway偏袒topreferonesystem,plan,wayofdoingsth,etc.to