新标准大学英语综合教程(第二版)UNIT 8 A篇练习答案+课文翻译

2021/5/91ContentsActiveReading12021/5/92WarmingUp1.What’sthepresident’ssuggestionforgraduateswhowanttogetajob?2.Supposethejobmarketisveryweakwhenyougraduate,wouldyougoforhighereducationinordertorideoutthisrecession?(Open)ScriptWatchthemovieclipanddiscussthefollowingquestions:2021/5/93WarmingUp1.What’sthepresident’ssuggestionforgraduateswhowanttogetajob?

havingtheincredibletalentsetthatnoteverybodyhas

gettingrealexperience

knowledgeispower,beingempoweredwiththeinformationthatwillservethembestandeducationwillalwayspayoffinalong-term2021/5/94WarmingUpScriptA:Itisatoughtimerightnowforanyonetofindajob.It’sparticularlyhardforsomecollegegrads.Alotofpeopleareatleastworriedaboutwhatthey’regonnadointermsoffindingajobwhentheygraduate.Solet’sbringinEricYaverbaum,heispresidentofCollegeClickTV.comhere,uh,withsometipsforus.Thanksforbeinghere,Eric.B:Thanksforhavingme.A:Talktousabout,peoplethatarejustabouttograduatefromcollegeormaybetheyrecentlygraduated.Theyaretryingtogetajob.Tipsforthem.Whatdotheypossiblyhavetoofferemployersthatotherpeoplemightnotrightnow?2021/5/95WarmingUpB:Well,youknow,one,it’sanewworld,andyougotthegenerationbornwithamouseintheirhandit’sgraduating.Andalotofpeoplewhowantthatgenerationworkingforthem,that’sanincredibletalentsetthatnoteverybodyhas.Um,twoisgetrealexperience,Imeanifyougetwhileyouareincollege,justgreat.Ifyoucan’tgetajob,getaninternship.Thereisabigdifferencebetweenthosewhohaveinternshipsandthosewhohaveexperienceandthosewhodon’t.AndIcantellyouasanemployeristhatwegetastackofresumesmorethaneverobviouslynow.2021/5/96WarmingUpAndtheonesthatwepulloutaretheonesthathaveexperienceandthoseofpeoplewhodidinternships.A:Youknowtherearealotofpeopleapplyingtograduateschoolrightnowforaprofessionaldegreeandgoingforhighereducation,hopingtorideoutthisrecessionandthisextremelyweakjobmarket.Sometipsforthemintermsofbeingabletoaffordhighereducationorpossiblyaskingteamingupwithemployers.Orsomeemployerswillpayforpartofadegreeifittiesinrightwiththe,withwhattheydoandifyou’regoingtoassurethemthatyouworkforthemforcertainmoney,isthatsoaround?2021/5/97WarmingUpB:

Yea,it’sstillaround,butit'salotless.It’sjustlikeuniversities.Theyhavealotlesstogive.Corporationshavealotlesstogive,soinpartyouareonyourown.Butknowledgeispower.Youneedtobeempoweredwiththeinformationthatwillserveyoubestandyou’vegotto,thateducationwillalwayspayoffinalong-term.Timesaretough,Iknow,theywillnotalwaysbelikethis.We’rethebigbadUnitedStatesandwewillcomebackandyoureducationwillbeavaluetoyou.2021/5/98A:Wewillleaveitthere,Eric.Thankyousomuchpeoplecanlearnmoreon...B:CollegeClickTV.com,youcanmake,youcanseea360degreeperspectiveofanycollegeyoumightwannalookat.A:Alright,therewego,thanksEric.B:Thankyou.WarmingUp2021/5/99TextAreyoutherightpersonforthejob?2021/5/910Areyoutherightpersonforthejob?1

Intheolddaysitwaseasy.Theyweregoingtobe

thebestthreeyearsofyourlife,andyouknewit.You

spentyourtimechattinglateintothenightwithnew-foundfriendsincoffeebarsandpubs,playingyourheartoutinthesquashcourtsandonthecricketfield,orstruttingacrossthestageasaleadinglightoftheuniversitydramaticsociety.Text2021/5/911Whateveryourinterest,universitylifecateredforit.And,let’snotforget,youwouldusuallymanagetokeepupwiththeworktoo,bydoingtherequiredreadinganddashingofftheweek’sessayatthelastminute.Theonlythingyoudidn’tfindtimeforwasthinkingaboutwhatcameafterwards,attheendofthosethreeexcitingyears.Butyoudidn’tneedto,becausewhateveryourchosencareer,thecompanieswerealllininguptoofferyouajob.Text2021/5/912

2

ThatwaswhatitwaslikeintheolddaysasastudentintheUK.Butthingshavechanged.ArecentstudyofBritain’smajormultinationalcompaniesrevealsthatevenwithagooddegreegraduatescannolongerwalkintothetopjobs.Todaytherearetwiceasmanyuniversitiesastherewerejust30yearsago,and40percentofyoungpeoplenowgoontohighereducation.Sowithnoshortageofgraduates,agooddegreehasbecomevitalinthesearchforajob.Competitionistough,andtoday’sstudentsarespendingmoretimethaneverpreparingforthosedreadedfinalexams,ordoinglow-paidpart-timejobstopayoffdebts.Text2021/5/9133

Butthat’sjusttheproblem.Intheopinionofmanagersfrommorethan200Britishcompanies,studentsarespendingtoomuchtimestudying,orworryingaboutmakingendsmeet,insteadofjoiningclubsandacquiringbasicskillssuchasteamworkandmakingpresentations.Themanagersalsosaidthattheywerepreparedtoleavejobsunfilledratherthanappointgraduateswhodidn’thavethenecessaryskillstogetaheadintheglobalmarket.Text2021/5/9144Butwhatcanbedoneabouttheproblem?The

solution,themanagersbelieve,istoincludesocialskillsindegreecourses;andsomeuniversitiesaretakingtheadvice.AttheUniversityofSouthampton,forexample,historystudentshavetodoa12-weekproject–frequentlyrelatedtothelocalcontext–workinginteamsofsix.Thisincludesmakingapresentation,writingagroupthesis,andcarryingoutapublicservice,whichmightinvolveteachingschoolchildrenormakingaradioprogrammeaboutthetopic.

Text2021/5/9155

Therecanbenodoubtthatthissortofcooperativeapproachcanhelpmanystudentsdeveloppersonalskillswhichwillhelpimprovetheirprospectsintheirsearchforajob.Oneofthemostwell-knownpersonalitytestsusedbyemployerswheninterviewingcandidates,theMyers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI),putstheextrovert/introvert

dichotomyatthetopofthelistofpersonalitytraitsittriestoanalyze.Thereareno“rightanswers”insuchtests,butextroverts,itisassumed,aregoingtobemoresuitedtojobsinwhichtheyhavetoworkinteamsordealwithotherpeople.Text2021/5/916

6

EquallyinterestingintheSouthamptonprojectistheconvictionthatstudentsshouldbeawareofthewidercommunity,andfindwaystomakecontributionstoit.Intoday'sshrinkingworld,studentsareincreasinglyawarethatauniversityisnotanivorytoweroflearning,cutofffromtherealproblemsoftheworld,butonthecontrary,canitselfbeanagentforchangeforabetterworld.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichstudentscanbevolunteers–before,during,oraftertheirdegreecourses.Withcoursesmakingheavydemandsonstudents’time,aswehaveseen,apopularoptionistotakeagapyearbeforeorafteruniversity.Text2021/5/9177

Typically,volunteeringmightmeanhelpingthesickorelderly,entertaining

underprivileged

childrenonholidaycamps,teachinginaThirdWorldcountryorperhapsworkingonagriculturalorenvironmentalprojects.8

Forstudentswhochoosetooffertheirtalentsinthisway,onesideeffectistogainawealthofexperiencetobeaddedtotheCV,whichwillnotgounnoticedbyfutureemployers.Butawordofwarningisinorder:Youshouldrememberwhatyourprioritiesare.AsShaneIrwin,whoworkedfortwoyearsinPapuaNewGuinea,putsit:“Volunteeringteachesyouvaluablecareerskills,butIdon’tthinkyoushouldbelookingtobolsteryourCVthroughvolunteering–themainreasonyoushouldgetinvolvedisbecauseyouwanttohelp.”Text■2021/5/918Text你适合做这个工作吗？1

过去，大学生活很轻松。那将是你一生中最美好的三年，你知道这一点的。你是这样消磨时光的：在咖啡馆和酒吧里与新结交的朋友聊到深夜，在壁球场和板球场上尽情地挥舞球拍，或是作为大学戏剧社的大腕在舞台上昂首阔步。2021/5/919Text不管你有什么爱好，大学生活都能为你创造条件。而且，别忘了，你的学习还总能跟得上，能完成指定的阅读，并在最后一分钟匆忙写完那一周的文章。你唯一没有时间考虑的是过完这激动人心的三年后要做什么。不过这个问题并不需要考虑，因为无论选择什么职业，都有一大堆公司排着队来聘用你。2021/5/920Text2那是过去英国大学生校园生活的情形，现在情况已经改变了。最近一项对英国各大跨国公司的研究表明，即使拥有一个不错的学位，大学毕业生也不再可能轻而易举就得到最好的工作了。今天的大学数量比30年前翻了一番，40%的年轻人接受高等教育。由于并不缺少大学毕业生，拥有一个不错的学位对找工作就变得尤其重要了。竞争很激烈，结果是如今的大学生花了比任何时候都要多的时间来复习功课，为那些可怕的期末考试做准备，做报酬低的兼职以偿还债务。2021/5/921Text

3然而，这恰恰是问题之所在。英国两百多家公司的经理认为，学生花在学习或挣钱维持生计上的时间太多了。他们本应该去参加各种俱乐部，学习一些基本的技能，如团队合作和现场演示。这些经理还说，他们宁可让职位空缺，也不愿意聘请那些缺乏必要技能、无法在国际市场上占领商机的毕业生。2021/5/922Text4该怎么做才能解决这个问题呢？经理们相信，解决的办法就是在学位课程里增加社交能力的训练。有的大学已经开始这样做了，例如南安普敦大学历史系学生必须做一个为期十二周、六人一组协同工作的项目——通常与当地的生活有关。项目内容包括：做一次演示、写一篇集体论文、做一项公众服务——可以是给中、小学生讲课，或做一期有关中、小学教学的广播节目。2021/5/923Text5毫无疑问，这种合作学习法能帮助许多学生培养有助于改善就业前景的个人技能。公司在面试应聘者时使用的最有名的人格测试之一是“迈尔斯－布里格斯性格分类法”（简称MBTI），这种分类法把外向/内向性格两分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。测试中没有“正确答案”，但是一般认为：性格外向者更适合做团队工作或与他人打交道的工作。2021/5/924Text6南安普敦大学项目中同样有趣的一个理念是：学生应该关注比校园更广阔的社区，并设法为之做出自己的贡献。在当今越来越小的世界里，学生们越来越清楚地意识到大学并不是与社会现实问题完全脱钩的学术象牙塔。正相反，大学本身可以促使世界变得更加美好。在学学位课程之前、期间、之后，学生们都可以通过多种渠道成为志愿者。正如我们所知的那样，大学课程需要学生花费大量的时间，一般人会选择腾出上大学前或大学毕业后的一年时间作为实践年。2021/5/925Text7

通常，志愿者工作指帮助病人或老年人、在假日营里招待贫困儿童、在第三世界国家教书，或者做农业或环境研究项目。8

对那些选择在这些方面施展才能的学生而言，还有个意外的收获：可以把他们获取的丰富经验写进个人履历里，而未来的雇主是不会不注意到这些经历的。不过提醒一句：你应该记住自己的首要目的是什么。曾经在巴布亚新几内亚工作了两年的谢恩·欧文指出：“志愿者的工作能教给你宝贵的职业技能，但我认为你不应该只想着通过志愿者工作来给自己的履历表增添光彩——你做志愿工作的主要原因是你想帮助别人。”2021/5/926Words&Phrases2021/5/927Words&Phrases2021/5/928Words&Phrases2021/5/929strut

vi.

(~about/around)towalkinanespeciallyconfidentandproudway趾高气扬地走e.g.1.Hestruttedupanddownbeforethemanager.他在经理面前大摇大摆地走来走去。2.Thebosswasstruttingaboutinthemeetingroom.老板正在会议室里趾高气扬地踱来踱去。3.Hestrutsaroundtownlikeheownstheplace.他在城里大摇大摆地晃荡，好像那是他的地盘。Words&Phrases2021/5/930leadinglightn.[C]averyimportantorrespectedpersoninagroup,organization,orareaofactivity

（团体、机构或活动领域中）很重要的人物，很受敬重的人物e.g.1.Sheistheleadinglightinthelocaldramaticsocietyandalwayshasthemainpartintheirplays.她是当地戏剧界的重要人物，而且在演出中她始终演主角。2.Mr.Smith,oncetheleadinglightinthetoyindustry,isinserioustrouble.一度曾是玩具企业领军人物的史密斯先生如今麻烦重重。3.He’saleadinglightofthebusiness.他是那个行当的重要人物。Words&Phrases2021/5/931cater

v.

1.toprovidefoodanddrinksatanevent（为…）提供饮食，承办酒席e.g.Thesmallrestaurantcouldn’tcatersuchalargewedding.这个小饭馆承办不了这么大规模的婚宴。2.(~

to)toprovidepeoplewithsth.theywantorneed,especiallysth.unusualorspecial满足；迎合，投合

e.g.Agoodfilmshouldcatertopublictaste.一部好电影应该迎合大众的口味。Seealso:caterfor

Words&Phrases2021/5/932multinational

1.a.amultinationalcompanyorbusinesshasoffices,shopsorfactoriesinseveralcountries

（公司或商行）跨国的e.g.1.Manymultinationalcompanieshavesubstantialoperationsinthisarea.许多跨国公司都在该地区从事相当规模的经营。2.Duringthisperiod,manyUS-basedmultinationalfirmsbeganmovingproductionfacilitiesoverseas.在此期间，许多设在美国的跨国公司开始把生产设备迁往海外。Words&Phrases2021/5/9332.n.[C]alargecompanythathasoffices,shops,orfactoriesinseveralcountries跨国公司e.g.SheisnowadirectorinaforeignmultinationaloperatingintheUK.她现在是一家在英国经营的外国跨国公司的主管。3.a.involvingpeoplefrommanydifferentcountries,especiallysoldiers多国的e.g.TheUStroopswouldbepartofamultinationalforce.美军将是多国部队的一个组成部分。Words&Phrases2021/5/934reveal

vt.

toletsth.becomeknown,forexampleasecretorinformationthatwaspreviouslynotknown揭示；揭露；透露e.g.1.Hecannotrevealhowmuchmoneyisinvolvedinthescheme.他不能透露该计划投入了多少钱。2.Shehasrefusedtorevealthewhereaboutsofherdaughter.她不肯透露她女儿的行踪。3.AsurveyoftheBritishdiethasrevealedthatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.对英国人饮食进行的一项调查显示有越来越多的人超重。Words&Phrases2021/5/935shortage

n.[C,U](~of)alackofsth.youneedorwant缺乏；短缺e.g.1.Howwilltheysolvetheproblemsoflandshortageinthecountryside?他们将如何解决乡村土地短缺的问题？2.Thecompany’smainproblemistheshortageofskilledpersonnel.这家公司的主要问题是缺少有技术的人员。3.Therecentheavyrainshavehelpedtoeasethewatershortage.最近的几场大雨有助于缓解缺水的情况。

Words&Phrases2021/5/936dread

1.vt.to

feelveryworriedaboutsth.thatmighthappenorisgoingtohappen担心；害怕e.g.1.Idreadtothinkwhatwillhappenifshefindsoutthetruth.我不敢去想她知道真相后会怎么样。2.Shedreadsgoingtothedentist.她怕去看牙医。3.Thelittleboydreadsgoingtobedinthedark.这个小孩不敢在黑暗中睡觉。

Words&Phrases2021/5/9372.n.[sing,U]fearofsth.badthatmighthappenorisgoingtohappen害怕；畏惧e.g.1.TheJewslivedindreadofbeingcaught.这些犹太人生活在会遭到拘捕的恐惧之中。2.Hergreatestdreadwasthatshewouldloseherjob.她最害怕的就是失去工作。Wordfamily:dreaded

a.Words&Phrases2021/5/938dreaded

a.

frighteningorworrying吓人的；令人担心的e.g.1.IhearthedreadedMissJonesisgoingtobeatthemeeting.我听说令人生畏的琼斯小姐也将出席那个会议。2.Asaphysicianwhotravelsquitealot,Ispendalotoftimeonplaneslisteningforthatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?”announcement.(CET4-2005-12)作为一名经常出行的内科医生，我多次在飞机上听到令人忧心的“本次航班上是否有医生？”的广播。Wordfamily:dread

v.&n.Words&Phrases2021/5/939unfilled

a.

anunfilledjob,positionetc.isavailablebutnoonehasbeenfoundforityet

（工作、职位等）仍空缺的e.g.1.Westillhaveseveralunfilledplacesonthetour.我们旅行团还有几个空余名额。

2.Isthepositionstillunfilled?

那个职位还空缺吗？3.Thereareanumberofunfilledpostsinthisareaofnursing.在这种护理方面还有几个空职。Antonym:filledWordfamily:fill

v.Words&Phrases2021/5/940solution

n.[C]awaytosolveaproblemordealwithabadsituation解决方法e.g.1.Idonothaveasimplesolutiontothedrugproblem.我没有解决毒品问题的简单办法。2.ThePresidentagreed,addingthathehopedforapeacefulsolution.总统表示赞同并补充说他希望和平解决。

Words&Phrases2021/5/941frequently

ad.often经常地；频繁地e.g.1.Hisspeechwasfrequentlyinterruptedbystormyapplause.他的演说多次被暴风雨般的掌声打断。2.Manyofthesekillersarefrequentlytalkativeandsuperficiallycharming.这些杀手中，多数都能说会道、外表迷人。

Wordfamily:frequent

a.

frequence/frequency

n.

Words&Phrases2021/5/942thesis

n.[C](pltheses)alongpieceofwritingthatisthefinalpartofanadvanceduniversitydegree

（学位）论文e.g.1.HewasawardedhisPhDforathesisonindustrialrobots.他凭一篇研究工业机器人的论文获得博士学位。2.Theyallaccreditedhimwiththetrueauthorshipofthisthesis.他们都认为他是这篇论文的真正作者。Words&Phrases2021/5/943cooperative

a.1.(onlybeforenoun)donebypeopleororganizationsworkingtogether合作的；协作的e.g.

1.Cooperativelearningisakindofnewteachingtheoryandstrategysystem.合作学习是一种新的教学理论和决策体系。2.ThePresidentsaidthevisitwoulddevelopfriendlyandcooperativerelationsbetweenthetwocountries.总统说这次访问将会促进两国之间的友好合作关系。Words&Phrases2021/5/9442.cooperativepeoplearewillingtodowhatyouaskthem有合作意向的；乐意合作的e.g.1.Theworkmenareverycooperative,sotheworkgoesonsmoothly.工人们十分配合，

所以工作进展顺利。2.Jamesisaveryhelpfulandcooperativelad.詹姆斯是个肯帮忙、好合作的小伙子。Wordfamily:cooperate

v.cooperationn.Words&Phrases2021/5/945personality

n.[C,U]thepartofapersonthatmakesthembehaveinaparticularwayinsocialsituations,forexampleinafriendlyorunfriendlyway,orinaconfidentorshyway个性，性格e.g.1.Youhaveamaturepersonalityandgoodheart.你有着成熟的个性和善良的心。

2.Thesepersonalitytraitsgetpassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.这些性格特征代代相传。3.Thecontestwasasmuchaboutpersonalitiesasitwasaboutpolitics.竞赛比手段策略，也比个性。

Words&Phrases2021/5/946employer

n.[C]aperson,company,ororganizationthatpayssb.toworkforthemasamemberoftheirstaff雇主；雇用者e.g.1.Isthecoursefeepaidbyyouremployer?本课程学费是否由你的雇主支付吗？2.Youcanrefertomyformeremployerformycharacter.你可以向我以前的雇主询问我的品行。

Wordfamily:employ

v.

employment

n.Antonym:employee

n.

雇员

Words&Phrases2021/5/947indicator

n.[C]sth.thatshowsyouinwhatconditionsth.is指示物；指标e.g.1.Goldpricesareoftenseenasanindicatorofinflation.黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。2.Inthisarea,thenumberofwellsisafairindicatorofthedemandforwater.在这个地区，水井的数量能较准确地反映水的需求量。Wordfamily:indicate

vt.

indication

n.

indicative

a.Seealso:Myers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI)Words&Phrases2021/5/948extrovert

1.n.[C]sb.whoisveryconfident,lively,andlikessocialsituations性格外向的人e.g.1.Sueistheextrovertinthefamily,opinionated,talkativeandpassionateaboutpolitics.苏在他们家性格是外向的，她固执己见、能说会道，而且对政治非常热衷。2.Agoodsalesmanisusuallyanextrovert,wholikestominglewithpeople.一个好的推销员通常很外向，喜欢和人打交道。Words&Phrases2021/5/9492.a.

(orextroverted)confident,lively,andhappyinsocialsituations性格外向的e.g.1.TomisveryextrovertandconfidentwhileKaty’sshyandquiet.汤姆性格外向，充满自信；而凯蒂却害羞又文静。2.VenusinAriesindicatesanimpulsive,passionate,extrovertandboldromanticnature.金星在白羊座象征着冲动、热情、外向和大胆浪漫的天性。Words&Phrases2021/5/950introvert

1.n.[C]sb.whotendstoconcentrateontheirownthoughtsandfeelingsratherthancommunicatingwithotherpeople性格内向的人；不爱交际的人e.g.1.IsympathizewiththeintrovertasIwouldwiththesickly,butbotharemissingalotoflife.我会像体谅孱弱之人那样，体谅内向之人，两者都缺失了许多人生体验。2.Howdoyouthinktheintrovertandtheextrovertwillbehaveinsuchanenvironment?在那种环境下，你认为内向的人和外向的人会如何表现呢？

Words&Phrases2021/5/9512.a.(orintroverted)alittleshyandtendingtoconcentrateonyourownthoughtsandfeelings性格内向的；不爱交际的e.g.1.Introvertedpeoplearelesslikelytorespondtohappyfaces.内向的人对开心的表情比较不容易产生反应。2.Althoughheseemsheartyandoutgoinginpublic,heisawithdrawnandintrovertedman.虽然在公众场合他看起来热情开朗，但其实他是一个孤僻内向的人。Words&Phrases2021/5/952dichotomy

n.[C](fml)adifferencebetweentwooppositethingsorideas一分为二；二分法e.g.

1.Theysetupafalsedichotomybetweenworkandraisingafamily.他们错误地把工作与养家对立起来。2.Thereisadichotomybetweentheacademicworldandtheindustrialworld.学术界与工业界有着天壤之别。3.Suchadichotomycannotsimplybeattributedtocoincidence.这样一种分歧不能简单归之于巧合。

Words&Phrases2021/5/953equally

ad.1.tothesamedegree

（程度）相当地e.g.

1.Eachteammemberisequallyimportanttome.每一位团队成员对我来说都是同样重要的。2.Sheisequallyathomeonthesinglesordoublescourt.她单打和双打都得心应手。2.inawaythatisfairandthesameforeveryone平等地；公平地e.g.Theycametoanaccordthatprofitsshouldbesharedequally.

他们达成协议，收益由大家均分。

Words&Phrases2021/5/954conviction

n.1.[C]astrongbelieforopinionaboutsth.坚定的信仰；信念e.g.1.Noamountofreasoningcouldshakehimoutofhisconviction.再怎样跟他讲道理都不能让他放弃自己认准的事。2.Theirreligiousconvictionspreventedthemfromtakinguparms.他们的宗教信仰使他们不会诉诸于武器。

Words&Phrases2021/5/9552.[U]thefeelingorappearanceofbeingconfidentorverycertainaboutsth.深信；确信e.g.1.Hisargumenthasbroughtconvictiontomanywaverers.他的论点使许多犹豫不决的人信服。2.“Weshall,sir,”saidJack,withconviction.“我们会的，先生，”杰克坚定地说。3.[C]

adecisionbyacourtoflawthatsomeoneisguiltyofacrime定罪；判罪e.g.Themanwasknowntothepolicebecauseofpreviousconvictions.因为有犯罪前科，警察们都认识这个人。Words&Phrases2021/5/956community

n.[C]thepeoplewholiveinanarea社区e.g.1.He’swelllikedbypeopleinthecommunity.社区的人都非常喜欢他。2.Thegrowthofcrimeratehasworriedcommunityleaders,policeandpoliticians.犯罪率的上升让社区领导、警察和政界人士十分担心。3.Hewasateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.他是一位教师，并且在社区颇受尊敬。

Words&Phrases2021/5/957ivorytower

n.[C]aplaceorsituationwhereyouareseparatedfromthedifficultiesofordinarylifeandsoareunabletounderstandthem,usedespeciallytodescribeacollegeoruniversity象牙塔（脱离现实生活的小天地，尤用于描述大学）e.g.

1.LivinginyourivorytoweratOxford,youcan’timaginewhatit’sliketogohungry.你生活在牛津的象牙塔之中，想像不到挨饿是什么滋味。2.Universitystudentsintheirivorytowersdon’tseemtoworryaboutit.生活在象牙塔里的大学生似乎对此漠不关心。

Words&Phrases2021/5/958numerous

a.

existinginlargenumbers许多的；大量的e.g.1.Thedoctorsgavenumerousexamplesofpatientsdyingofthisdisease.医生们列举了大量死于这种疾病的病例。2.Despitenumerousattemptstodiet,herweightsoared.尽管多次尝试节食，她的体重仍然在飙升。3.Hehasbeenlateonnumerousoccasions.他已经迟到过无数次了。

Words&Phrases2021/5/959option

n.[C]sth.thatyoucanchooseinaparticularsituation选择；供选择的东西e.g.1.Youhavetheoptionofwalkingthereorgoingbybus.你可以选择走过去或是坐公交过去。2.Americaanditsalliesareputtingtoomuchemphasisonthemilitaryoption.美国及其盟国过于强调军事手段。havenooptionbuttodosth.e.g.Ihadnooptionbuttoleavewithoutthem.我别无选择，只好留下他们独自离开。

Words&Phrases2021/5/960typically

ad.1.usually通常；一般e.g.

1.Ittypicallytakesthreetofiveyearstoturnaprofit.通常需要三到五年才会盈利。2.Identitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.(CET4-2007-06)身份盗窃和身份诈骗是专门的犯罪术语，用来指某人用诈骗或欺骗的方法不正当地使用他人的个人信息，通常的目的是为了获取经济所得。

Words&Phrases2021/5/9612.withthetypicalqualitiesorfeaturesofaparticulargroupofpeople典型地；有代表性地e.g.1.Thediseasetypicallymanifestsitselfinahighfeverandchestpains.这种疾病的典型症状是发高烧和胸痛。2.SarahhastypicallyBritishfairskin.莎拉有着典型英国人的白皙皮肤。

Words&Phrases2021/5/962entertain

vt.to

giveaperformancethatpeopleenjoy

（通过表演）使快乐，给…娱乐e.g.1.Wehiredamagiciantoentertainthechildrenattheparty.我们雇了一个魔术师在派对上逗孩子们开心。2.Wewereallentertainedbyhishumorousstories.他的幽默故事使我们大家都很开心。Wordfamily:entertainment

n.

Words&Phrases2021/5/963underprivileged

a.nothavingasmanyadvantagesoropportunitiesasmostotherpeople享有的权利（或机会）比大多数人少的；弱势的e.g.1.Theyarechildrenfromunderprivilegedhomes.他们是出身于贫苦人家的孩子。2.Theunderprivilegedneedspecialsupportfromthegovernment.那些弱势群体需要政府的特别支持。Antonym:

privilegeda.Wordfamily:privilege

n.Words&Phrases2021/5/964agricultural

a.

relatingtofarming农业的；与农业相关的e.g.1.Franceistheworld’ssecond-biggestexporterofagriculturalproducts.法国是世界第二大农产品出口国。2.Chemicalproductswereusedliberallyoveragriculturalland.化学产品曾被大量地用于农田。agriculturalresearch农业研究agriculturalresource农业资源agriculturalproducts农产品Wordfamily:agriculture

n.农业agriculturalist

n.农学家

Words&Phrases2021/5/965unnoticed

a.&ad.notseenornoticedbyanyone未被看见（的）；不被注意到（的）；不被觉察到（的）e.g.1.Elsastoodunnoticedattheedgeofthecrowd.没人注意到埃尔莎悄悄地站在了人群边上。2.Hisremarkwentunnoticedbyeveryoneexceptme.除了我之外，别人都没留意到他说的话。3.Herbirthdayhadjustpassed,unnoticedbyallbutherself.她的生日就这样过去了，除了她自己，无人知晓。

Words&Phrases2021/5/966bolster

vt.

tomakesth.strongerormoreeffective增强；加强；提高e.g.1.

Ididmybesttobolsterupmyconfidence.我尽一切力量增强我的信心。2.Bothsidesofferedstatisticstobolstertheirarguments.双方都拿出统计数字来支持他们的论点。

3.Thehighinterestrateshelpedtobolsteruptheeconomy.高利率使经济稳健。Words&Phrases2021/5/967play/work/singetc.sb.’sheartout:

toputalotofeffortintoplaying,working,singingetc.尽情地玩耍/工作/唱歌等e.g.1.Iwillplaymyheartoutforthisteam.我将为球队付出全部心力。2.Iamgratefultoourteacherswhoworkheartouttoteachandcultivateme.我感激呕心沥血教育我、培养我的老师。3.FortwohoursIstoodnexttoanoldmanattheconcertwhilehesincerelysanghisheartout.演唱会上，我在一个忘情地唱着的老头旁边站了整整两个小时。

Words&Phrases2021/5/968caterfor:(BrE)toprovidepeoplewitheverythingtheywantorneed为…提供服务；满足…的需要e.g.1.Iexpecthewillbeabletocaterforyourparticularneeds.我预计他能满足你的特殊需要。2.TVmustcaterformanydifferenttastes.电视节目必须迎合不同人的品味。3.Wecontinuedtocaterforimportantstateguestsuntilwereopenedin1989.我们继续为重要的国宾提供服务，直到1989年我们重新开张。

Words&Phrases2021/5/969dashoff:

towriteordrawsth.quicklybecauseyouareinahurry

（因着急而）迅速写，迅速画e.g.1.Hedashedofftwoarticlesbeforedinner.晚饭前他匆匆地写了两篇文章。2.Annietookoutherdrawingpadandpenciltodashoffasketchoftheoldman.安妮拿出画本和铅笔，迅速地画了一幅老人的素描。3.Shedashedoffaquickletterexcusinghimfromschoolthatday.

她匆匆写了一封信请求允许他当日离开学校。Words&Phrases2021/5/970lineup:toformarowortoputpeopleorthingsinarow（使）排列成行e.g.

1.Thesoldierslineduponthedrillinggroundforinspection.士兵们在训练场列队接受检阅。2.Shoesofvarioussizeswerelinedupontheshelves.货架上摆着各种尺码的鞋子。3.Lineupthesemenandseeifthewitnesscanrecognizethecriminal.让这些人站成一排，看看目击者能否从中把罪犯认出来。

Words&Phrases2021/5/971payoff:1.togivesb.allthemoneyyouhaveborrowedfromthemtobuysth.清偿；还清e.g.

1.Bytheendoftheyeartheyhadpaidoffallthedebts.年底的时候他们还清了所有的债务。2.Themanwaspressedtopayoffhisdebt.那人被逼着还清债务。3.Youmustpayoffyouroldloanbeforeyoucanobtainanewone.你必须还清以前的贷款，

然后才能再次借贷。Words&Phrases2021/5/9722.ifsth.that