2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编 话题九 Book 1　Unit 4 Earthquakes含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题九Book1Unit4Earthquakes含解析话题九灾害防范[对应教材]Book1Unit4EarthquakesBook6Unit5Thepowerofnature(一）核心素养下的话题解读“灾害防范”是高中课程标准中“人与自然"主题语境内容要求之一,该内容包括“自然灾害与防范、安全常识与自我保护”等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关。高考英语通过这些话题让学生对自然灾害有所了解，从而提高对自然灾害的防范意识、了解相关安全常识，了解在自然灾害来临时采用适当的防范措施、做好自我保护。[高考探究]“灾害防范"这个话题在近几年高考中并无涉及。(二)构建思维导图，提升思维品质图一Book1Unit4Earthquakes图二Book6Unit5Thepowerofnature（三)根据思维导图，完成概要写作图一:概要写作①StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei，includingwellwater'srisingandfalling,chickensandpigs'failingtoeat，mice'srunningandfish'sjumping.Unfortunately，peoplethoughtlittleofthat。Instead，theysleptsoundlythatnight.②At3：42ameverythingbegantoshake,asiftheworldwasatanend！Inaflash，thecitylayinruins，causingmorethan400,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.Tomakemattersworse，thefollowingearthquakeleftsomeoftherescueworkersanddoctorstrappedundertheruins.③Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped。Shelterswerebuiltandfoodandwaterweresent,makingthecitybegintobreatheagain。图二：概要写作①Asanvolcanologist，Ihavethegreatestjobintheworld。②Althoughmyjobisoccasionallydangerous,Idon’tmindbecauseitcanwarnpeoplewhenthevolcanoisgoingtoeruptandsavemanypeople.③TwentyyearsagoIwasappointedtocollectinformationforadatabaseaboutMount③Today,Iamjustenthusiasticaboutmyjob。Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.

Book1Unit4Earthquakes1．AweekbeforeEarthDay，posterswereputuparoundourschool，callingon/uponustojoinintheactionsforagreenerearth.地球日前一周,学校到处张贴了海报，号召我们加入绿色地球活动当中。2．TheInternationalHighSchoolStudentPhotographyShowwassuccessfullyheldasscheduled,raisingpeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection。国际中学生摄影大赛如期成功举办，提高了人们的环保意识.3．Onlyifwemakeconsiderableeffortstoprotecttheenvironmentcanweenjoyitsgloriouscivilization。只有我们付出大量努力保护环境，才能享受到它带来的灿烂文明.4．Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.只有这样我们才能生活在更舒适、更美妙的环境中。自主排查夯基固本Ⅰ核心单词（1）burst(vi。)爆裂；爆发(n.)突然破裂；爆发→burst（过去式/过去分词）(2）ruin（n。)废墟;毁灭(vt。（3）injure（vt。）损害；伤害→injury（n。)伤害；损害→injured（adj（4）destroy（vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭→destruction（n(5）shock（vt.&vi。）（使）震惊；震动（n.）休克；打击；震惊→shocking(adj.）令人震惊的→shocked(adj(6）rescue（n。&vt.(7)trap(vt。)使陷入困境（n。)陷阱；困境→trapped（8)bury（vt。）埋葬;掩埋；隐藏→buried（9)frighten(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬→frightened（adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening(adj(10）congratulation（n。）祝贺；（复数）贺词→congratulate（vt.(11)judge（n。）裁判员；法官（vt。）断定；判断；判决→judgement（n（12)express(vt。)表示；表达(n.)快车；速递→expression（nⅡ阅读单词（1)nation(n.)民族；国家；国民（2）suffering（n.)苦难；痛苦（3）extreme(adj。)极度的（4）useless(adj.)无用的；无效的；无益的(5）electricity（n。）电；电流；电学(6）disaster(n.)灾难;灾祸(7)shelter(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处(8)damage(n。&vt.）(9)sincerely(adv。)真诚地；真挚地[单句语法填空]1．LarrytoldLindathatsheshouldnotmoveincaseshe________（injure)herneck。答案：injured2．WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin________（ruin)．答案：ruins3．Asuddenstopcanbeavery________（frighten）experience，especiallyifyouaretravellingatahighspeed。答案:frightening4．Waterhadgoneintothemobilephone,anditwascompletely________（use）．答案：useless5．Theartworldgavemeachance________(express)myselfwithoutwords.答案：toexpress6．Natalie’sschoolwasso________（damage）thatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.答案:damaged7．I________(sincere）hopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation。答案：sincerely8．Deathfinallybroughtanendtoher________（suffer）．答案：suffering9．Accordingtohis________(judge),thiscalligraphybyWangXizhiispriceless。答案:judgment/judgement10．Itwasnotlongbeforeahelicopterarrivedonthescene________（rescue）thesurvivorsoftheplanecrash。答案：torescue联想积累1．“自然灾害”单词荟萃①disastern。灾难；不幸②earthquaken.地震③droughtn.旱灾;干旱④floodn.洪水；水灾⑤eruptionn。（火山)喷发⑥hurricanen.飓风⑦tsunamin。海啸2．“A→A→A”式不规则变化动词①burst-burst-burst爆发②cast-cast—cast投；抛③cost—cost—cost值；花费④cut—cut—cut割⑤hit-hit—hit打中⑥hurt—hurt—hurt损伤⑦let-let—let让⑧put—put—put放；放下⑨read—read—read读；阅读⑩rid-rid—rid去掉⑪set—set-set安放⑫shut—shut-shut关闭⑬split—split—split分裂⑭spread—spread-spread展开；传播1．dig_out掘出；发现2．judging_from/by从……判断3．right_away立刻；马上4．think_little_of轻视；认为……没什么了不起5．a_（great）_number_of许多;大量的6．as_if/though仿佛；好像7．beproudof以……为自豪8．atanend结束;终结9．inruins严重受损；破败不堪10．betrappedin陷入11．beburiedin埋头于(学习、工作等）12．burstout爆发[选词填空]eq\x（rightaway，judgingfrom，burstout，agreatnumberof，atanend，asif)1．WhenyouareexposedtothebeautifulsceneryinZhangjiajie,itseems________youwereinadreamland.答案：asif2．________thestyleofthispainting,itmustbepaintedbyQiBaishi.答案：Judgingfrom3．HardlyhadtheyheardtheerhuplayTheMoonOveraFountain(《二泉映月》）whentheaudience________cheering.答案：burstout4．Everymonth,________Chineseknotsaresoldallovertheworldonline。答案：agreatnumberof5．Hersongraduatedfromcollege,andherworryandsorrowwas________.答案：atanend6．Afterhegraduatedfromcollegewithexcellentacademicperformance，helandedagoodjob________.答案：rightaway联想积累1．表示“立刻；马上"的词语荟萃①rightaway②atonce③immediately④rightnow⑤innotime⑥instantly2．“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达①beburiedin②beoccupiedwith③bedevotedto④belostin⑤beabsorbedin⑥applyoneselfto

课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.Inthefarmyards，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat。在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。too。。.to。。.“太……而不能……”Hewas____________（病得太重而不能出行)。2。Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed。人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切几乎都被摧毁了.everywhere“无论在哪里”，可以引导地点状语从句,此时，相当于wherever或者nomatterwhere。Thebookyousenttomeonmybirthdaykeptmecompany____________________（无论在哪里）Iwentatcollege。答案：1。tooilltotravel2。everywhere/wherever/nomatterwhere直击重点突破考点①burstvi。爆裂;爆发n。突然破裂；爆发（P26）单句写作①AssoonasIappearedonstage，wearingHanfumadebyourselves,theaudience________________.当我身着我们自己制作的汉服出现在舞台上，观众爆发出热烈的欢呼声。②IwasteachingforeignerstolearnBeijingOperawhenagroupofpupils______________。我正在教外国友人学京剧，这时，一群小学生闯了进来。③WhenIwasawarded，myclassmatesgaveout________________。当我领奖的时候，同学们热烈鼓掌。答案：①burstoutcheering/burstintocheers②burstin③aburstofapplause（1)burstin突然闯进;突然出现burstinto.。。闯入……；突然……起来burstout突然迸发；爆发;突然激动地喊叫burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing突然大笑起来burstintotears＝burstoutcrying突然大哭起来(2)aburstof一阵……aburstoflaughter一阵大笑burstinto与burstout都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况"的意思,但burstinto后面接名词，burstout后面接动名词.②ruinn.废墟；毁灭vt。毁灭;使破产(P26）单句写作①Inthepastthetemplewas____________，butnowithasturnedintoanentertainmentcenter。以前，这座寺庙是一座废墟，现在变成了休闲娱乐中心。②Theinvestmentfromthegovernmentstoppedthevineyardsfrom________________.政府的投资，阻止了葡萄园的衰败.答案:①inruins②fallingintoruin(1）inruins严重受损;破败不堪bring.。。toruin使……毁灭；使……没落fallin/intoruin成为废墟（2）ruinoneself自取灭亡ruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/声誉③injurevt.损害；伤害（P26)单句写作①Whendoingexercise,dobecarefulnotto____________。锻炼时一定要小心，以免受伤。②Withthehelpofthevolunteers，____________weresavedintime.在志愿者的帮助下，受伤人员及时得到了救助.答案：①getinjured②theinjured（1)be/getinjured受伤（2）injuredadj。受伤的theinjured伤者；伤员（作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）（3）injuryn。伤；伤口;伤害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人④shockvt.&vi。（使）震惊;震动n．休克；打击;震惊(P26)单句语法填空①WhenItoldthemthewholething，theywereall________shock,andtheycouldn’tbelieveit。②Shewastakentohospital,apparently________(shock）．③Thereasonforthis________(shock）attackseemedtoberacialhatred.答案：①in②shocked③shocking(1）inshock吃惊地；震惊地（2）shockedadj.(主语多为人)吃惊的；震惊的beshockedby因……震惊/受到……打击（3）shockingadj.（主语多为物)令人震惊的；惊人的⑤judgen.法官;裁判员vt.判断；断定；判决（P30）单句语法填空①Neverjudgeabook________itscover。②________(judge)fromwhathesaid，hewasconfidenttowinthefirstprizeintheChineseCharacterDictationContest(汉字听写大赛)．③Itwasduetoluckratherthan________（judge）thatthedriversucceededinavoidingtheaccident.答案：①by②Judging③judgement(1)judgingfrom/by。..根据……来判断(2）judgesb。/sth。from/by...以……来判断某人/某物judgesb。/sth。（tobe）。。.判定某人/某物为……(3)judgementn.判断;审判；判断力judgingfrom/by.。。置于句首作状语.v。.ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分.类似用法的词或短语还有：generallyspeaking“一般来说"，franklyspeaking“坦白地说”,considering。。。“考虑到……”。①atanend结束;终结(P26)单句写作①Whentheexamwas____________，asatisfactorysmilespreadacrosshisface.考试结束时,他脸上露出满意的笑容。②Hetravelledabroadaftergraduation，and________________T’aiChitothelocalpeople.毕业后他出国旅游，结果给当地人当了太极教练。③Gostraightandyou'llfindthehospital______________________.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到那家医院。④Thestudytour________________，butitsinfluencerooteddeepinmyheart。游学结束了,但是它的影响深深扎根在我心里。答案：①atanend②endedupteaching③attheendoftheroad④cametoanend（1）attheendof在……尽头；在……末端bytheendof到……结束时；到……时候为止（常与完成时连用）intheend最后;终于(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}（\a\vs4\al\co1（put/bring。.。toanend，putanendto.。。））使……结束cometoanend完成;结束（3）make(both）endsmeet使收支相抵；量入为出（4)endupwith以……结束endupdoingsth。以……而告终②a（great)numberof许多;大量的(P27)（1）单句语法填空①AsChinadevelopsfastandsteadily，anumberofforeigners________(learn)Chineseasasecondlanguage.②Agreatdealofmoney________(donate）toauniversitybyanordinaryworker,whicharousedpublicattention。③Learningthefactsthatlargequantitiesofsoil______________(wash）away，thevillagerstookactiontostopit.答案:①arelearning②wasdonated③werebeingwashed（2）单句改错Thenumberofrichpeoplehaveadmittedthatdespitetheirsuccess,theyaren’thappy.________________________________________________________________答案：The→Aeq\b\lc\\rc\｝（\a\vs4\al\co1(1agreat/largenumberof,agreat/goodmany,quiteafew））eq\a\vs4\al（＋可数名词复数形式＋,复数谓语动词）（2)thenumberof＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语动词eq\b\lc\\rc\｝（\a\vs4\al\co1（3agreatdealof，agreat/largeamountof,largeamountsof)）＋不可数名词eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1（4alotof/lotsof,agreat/largequantityof/quantitiesof，massesof,plentyof）)＋eq\a\vs4\al（可数名,词复数，形式或，不可数,名词)①［教材原句]Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！（P26)世界似乎到了末日！（1）单句语法填空①Whenachopstickispartlyinwater,itseemsasifit________（be）broken。②Idon'tfeelmyselftoday。Iseem________(catch）acold。答案：①were②tohavecaught（2)单句写作________________allthemiddleschoolstudentsarelongingtoknowabouttheirzodiacsigns.好像所有的中学生都渴望了解自己的星座.答案：Itseemsasif(1)Itseems/seemedasif。。.看样子好像……①It＋seems/seemed(＋tosb。)＋that。。。（对某人来说）好像……;似乎……②seem（tobe)＋adj./现在分词/过去分词/介词短语好像……③seemtodo/bedoing/havedone好像要做/在做/已经做了……④Thereseems/seemedtobe。.。好像有……（2)此处asif引导表语从句。（3)asif也可以引导状语从句.如果asif引导的从句表示真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气.（4）当从句中说话人所陈述的是不真实的或者极少可能发生或者存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词的形式如下表：与现在事实相反从句时态用一般过去时(be动词常用were)与过去事实相反从句时态用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形②［教材原句］Allhopewasnotlost。(P26)不是所有的希望都破灭了。(1)单句写作①________theeffortswillbeharvested,butalltheharvestmustbepaid.不是所有的付出都会有所收获，但所有的收获都必须有付出。②Whenitcametoplantingtreesthatweekend，________________failedtosignournames。谈到那周末的植树活动,没有人不签名。答案：①Notall②noneofus(2)单句改错①Iloverunning，butnoeverybodyisborntobearunner。________________________________________________________________②Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewithsomething.________________________________________________________________答案：①no→not②something→everythingall.。.not＝notall.。。表示部分否定,也称半否定。具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody,everything，all,both等)、形容词（complete,whole等)和副词（completely,always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都;并非都"。而no,none，never,nobody，neither，nothing，nomore,nolonger等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成全部否定。③[教材原句］Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.(P30)评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的.单句语法填空①About100peopleattendedthemeeting，mostof________Iwasnotfamiliarwith.②Thereisasaying________says，“Thereadingofallgoodbooksislikeaconversationwiththefinestmenofpastcenturies.”③What'smore，Igetalongwithotherseasily，________isespeciallyusefulforavolunteer.④LuXun,________realnameisZhouShuren,wrotemanynovelsandessays。答案：①whom②that/which③which④whose(1)这是一个含有两个从句的复合句，allofwhom引导一个非限制性定语从句,其中whom指代fivejudges;而agreed后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句。在定语从句中，eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(allofwhom。。。＝andallofthem.。。,whom指人，allofwhich。.。＝andallofthem。。.，which指物）)（2）在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that,which，who，whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等）两类。关系词通常有三个作用:①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分.关系代词的基本用法：指代对象指代人指代物使用情况主语who，thatwhich，that从句中缺少主语宾语whom,thatwhich,that从句中缺少宾语定语whosewhose先行词与关系代词后的名词有所属关系课文回练升华运用AterribleearthquakehitthecityofTangshanonJuly28，1976，in__1__thousandsofpeoplediedandmanywereinjured.Manyhousesfelldownandsand__2__(fill)thewellsinsteadofwater。Peoplewere__3__(great)shocked。Alltheelectricityinthecitywascut__4__andpeoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thewholecitywascompletely__5__(destroy）anditseemedasiftheworldwasatan__6__.ThepeopleofTangshandidn’tlosehope，because150，000soldiersweresent__7__（help)therescueworkers。Thesoldierstriedtheirbesttodigoutthosewho__8__（trap）.Workersalsobuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybyeverymeans。__9__（slow)，thecitybegantocomebacktolife。__10__wassaidthatbeforethequake，strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside。Thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell。Fishjumpedoutoftheponds。Strangenoiseswereheardinthesky，butpeoplethoughtlittleofthem.1．________2。________3。________4.________5。________6.________7.________8。________9.________10.________答案：1.which2。filled3。greatly4。off5。destroyed6．end7.tohelp8.weretrapped9.Slowly10.It基础达标自主训练Ⅰ。单句语法填空1．When________（trap)intheforest，staywhereyouare，waitingfortherescue。答案:trappedbetrappedin“被困在……”.此处用的是省略句式。相当于Whenyouaretrapped。2．Aftersheheardthenews，therewasanexcited________(express）onherface.答案：expression由空格前的“anexcited”可知,应填名词expression“表情".3．WhenafirebrokeoutattheNationalExhibitioninLondon，atleasttenpricelesspaintings________（destroy）．答案:weredestroyed动词destroy“毁灭；毁掉”，此处表被动，且指过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态.4．Whenmywintervacationcameto________end，Iwasrecognizedasthe“OutstandingVolunteer”becauseofthetimeandeffortsIhadputin.答案：etoanend“结束"。5．Don'tforgettopraisehim________(sincere）whensomeonedoessomethinggood。答案:sincerely副词sincerely“真诚地”,在此处修饰动词praise。6．Fortunately,thetwopassengersescapedwithoutany________(injure）．答案：injury前面是介词without，介词后用名词作宾语.7．Thankyouforyourletterconveying________(congratulate）onmyappointment。答案:congratulations由空格前的现在分词conveying可知，应填名词。congratulation“祝贺”，且常用复数形式。8．I'mgreatly________(shock）tolearnthat,absorbedinyouriPhone,youwereknockeddownbyacaronyourwayhome。答案:shockedshocked“震惊的”.9．Thegovernmentthinks________(high)ofhisinventionbecauseitwillbenefitthewholecountry.答案：highlythinkhighlyof“高度评价……”，是固定搭配。10．Inahurry,wearrivedatacabininthemountaintoshelter________therain。答案：fromshelterfromtherain“躲雨”。Ⅱ。单句写作1．Theweatherwasfine，so____________________(许多）peoplewenttoclimbtheGreatWall.答案：alargenumberof2．____________（埋头于）reading，hefailedtogetoffthebusattherightstop.答案:Buriedin3．Nightfell,accompaniedbythestrongwind.________________itwasgoingtorain。夜幕降临，大风随之而来，看起来要下雨.答案：Itlookedasif4．_______________________________________________________________操场上的学生们对我们的飞机模型评价很高。（thinkhighlyof)答案：Thestudentsontheplaygroundthoughthighlyofourmodelplane。5．_______________________________________________________________从他的书写来判断,他汉语一定学得好。答案:Judgingfromhishandwriting,hemustbegoodatChinese。Ⅲ.语法填空（2019·湖北名校联盟三模押题第三套)Earthquakescanbedestructive.Unfortunately，wedon'thavea__1__（rely)waytopredict.Buttechnologiescanstillhelpusundersuchadesperatesituation.Chinaisbuildingtheworld’slargestearthquakealertsystemandit’s__2__（possible)themostadvanced。Engineers__3__（set）upover15，000sensors（传感器)nationwideandwiringthemintoaweb.__4__anearthquakehappens，thesensorscansendelectricalpulsestothecontrolcenterandthenordinarypeople'ssmartphones。Thesignaltravelsatalmostlightspeedandfasterthantheearthquakeshaking,__5__（give)localpeoplealittletimetoprepare,andthesystemcanusuallysendmessagestopeoplethinlessthantwoseconds。It'slife.saving。Thesystem,__6__canbethemostadvancedinmanyways，willbethelargestearthquakeobservationnetworkintheworld，notonlydetectingthe__7__(move)ofthecontinentsbutalsocalculatingthepossibleimpact__8__anearthquake.Itwillautomaticallywarnlocalpeople，making__9__(it）muchfasterthanhumanobservation。Thesystem,overseenbyChina’sMinistryofEmergencyManagement,isset__10__(complete)in2022.1．________2。________3.________4.________5．________6。________7。________8.________9．________10。________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国正在建造世界上最大的地震预警系统，该系统将可能是世界最先进的预警系统。1．reliable考查词性转换.修饰名词way，用形容词形式。故填reliable.2．possibly考查副词。用副词作状语,修饰themostadvanced。故填possibly。3．aresetting考查动词的时态。根据后面and并列的动词wiring及句意可知,这里用现在进行时。故填aresetting。4．When/If/Once/After考查状语从句的连接词。这几个词均符合上下文语境。句意:当/如果/一旦/地震发生时(地震发生后)，传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲。故填When/If/Once/After.5．giving考查非谓语动词。现在分词作状语，表示补充说明或伴随.故选giving.6．which考查定语从句的引导词。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代指先行词thesystem，故填which。7．movement/move考查名词。根据语境可知此处应填名词,move的名词有两种，即movement或move。故填movement/move.8．of考查介词。这里表示所属关系，表示“地震造成的影响"。故填of.9．itself考查代词。making的逻辑主语为句子的主语it，即thesystem.it作主语时,用反身代词itself作宾语，代替语境