动词定义与分类

7.动词的定义与分类The

Definition

andClassification

of

Verbs主讲教师：祁颖大学英语词法微课北京城市学院

公共英语教研室Everybody

uses

water

every

day.我们经常这么说。We

often

says

it.We

often

say

it.每个人每天都得用水。Everybody

use

water

every

day.主谓不一致！别靠近那个长相奇怪的人。Don’t

approach

to

that

odd-looking

man.Don’t

approach

that

odd-looking

man.孩子们在听音乐。The

children

are

listeningmusic.The

children

are

listening

tomusic.动词的及物性！我离开家已经三个月了。It’s

three

months

since

I

leave

home.It’s

three

months

since

I

left

home.她设定了一个目标。She

sets

agoal.She

seta

goal.动词的时态！主谓不一致（约30%）动词及物性（约20%）动词时态（约16%）动词错误！

(Mistakes

ofVERB

Use)什么是动词WhatisaVerb动词的分类C

las

si

ficati

o

no

fVerb

s中

英

动

词

差

异Differences

between

Chinese

and

English

Verbs什么是动词WhatisaVerb表示动作行为发展变化心理活动的词workreadjumpgrowturnchangethinkupsetexcite动词的分类Classi

ficat

i

ono

fVerb

s动词（verbs）系动词(link)助动词(auxiliary)实义动词(notional)情态动词(modal)系动词(link)*

就是起到连接、连结作用的动词*用来帮助说明主语的状态主语表语系动词IMyclassmateThemanamlooksseemedastudent.pretty.to

be

ill.系动词(link)状态系动词表象系动词be

(is,

are,

was,

were…)持续系动词keep,

remain,

stayseem,

appear,

look变化系动词e,grow,

turn感官系动词feel,

smell,

taste终止系动词prove,

turn

out系

动

词

可

分

为

六

大

类Myfather

wasaworker.My

father

keeps

silent.My

father

looked

tired.My

father

is

growing

old.The

cloth

feels

soft.The

story

provestrue.动词的分类Classi

ficat

i

ono

fVerb

s动词（verbs）系动词(link)助动词(auxiliary)实义动词(notional)情态动词(modal)*

帮助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词*不可单独使用，不具有实际意义助动词(auxiliary)常见助动词behave,

haswill,

shalldo,

does,

didshould,

wouldDo

you

likeEnglish?No.

I

don’t

likeEnglish.助动词的功能(Functions)My

father

is

dancing.帮助“dancing”表达时态My

father

was

sent

toEurope.帮助“sent”表达语态Does

my

father

like

English?帮助“like”构成疑问句My

father

doesn’t

like

English.与not结合，构成否定句My

father

did

like

English.帮助加强“like”的语气，表示“的确”动词的分类Classi

ficat

i

ono

fVerb

s动词（verbs）系动词(link)助动词(auxiliary)实义动词(notional)情态动词(modal)实义动词(notional)*

具有实实在在意义的词*与“助动词”形成相对概念Myfather

is

dancing.My

father

wassent

to

Europe.Does

my

father

like

English?My

father

doesn’t

like

English.My

father

didlike

English.实义动词及物(transitive)不及物(intransitive)必须跟宾语意义才完整不需要搭配介词意义完整不需跟宾语需要搭配介词I

like

English.I

hear

you.I

dance.I

listento

you.The

little

girl

often

plays

piano.（及物）The

little

girl

often

plays

with

her

toy

panda.（不及物）动词的分类Classi

ficat

i

ono

fVerb

s动词（verbs）系动词(link)助动词(auxiliary)实义动词(notional)情态动词(modal)为谓语动词增加“感情色彩”的词常表达“可能、应该、必须”等后跟动词原形情态动词(modal)1.

我爸会/能跳舞。My

father

can/could

dance.2.

也许我爸跳舞。My

father

may/might

dance.3.

我爸应当跳舞。My

father

shall/should

dance.4.

我爸必须跳舞。My

father

must

dance.常见情态动词can,

couldmay,

mightshall,

shouldwill,

wouldmust,

need,

ought

to中文动词分类（按语义）判断动词是、为Link

verb

“be”

in

English能愿动词能、会、愿Modal

verbs

in

English趋向动词来、去、回Notional

verbs

in

English使令动词

使、派、请求Notional

verbs

in

English动作动词走、看、说Notional

verbs

in

English中

英

动

词

差

异Diff

erences

b

etween

Chines

e

a

nd

Englis

h

V

erbsNotional

verbs

in

English心理动词

想、爱、担心差异一：1. A.

我学习。Istudy.B.我同桌学习。My

desk

matestudies.2. A.

我是名学生。I

amastudent.B.她是名学生。She

is

astudent.C.他们是学生。They

are

students.英

文

动

词

看

主

语中

文

动

词

很

独

立差异二：英文动词有时态中文时态用词汇A.I

am

watching

TV.B.

我正看电视。A.I

did

myhomework.B.

我作业做完了。A.

I

have

given

him

a

book.B.我已经给了他一本书。差异三：英文被动很严谨中文被动用词汇A.

Historyis

made

by

people.B.

历史是由人民创造的。A.

Iwas

impressed

bythe

movie.B.我为这部电影所打动了。A.

New

factories

are

being

built

all

over

the

country.B.全国到处在兴建工厂。差异四：英文动词常谓语中文动词多功能实现理想境界要靠辛勤劳动。（主语、宾语）To

translate

ideals

into

realityneeds

hard

work.解决问题的最好方法是进行调查研究。（定语、表语）The

best

way

to

solve

the

problem

is

to

conduct

investigations.差异五：英文动词说—遍中文动词总重叠来的来，去的去。Some

come,

and

others

leave.说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快。Talking

and

laughing,

running

and

jumping,

the

children

had

a

good

time.学问，学问，要学要问；边学边问，才有学问。Acquisitions

of

knowledge

entails

learning

and

seeking

for

explanation.小

结(Summary)什么是动词（What

Is

a

Verb）表示动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等意义的词。英语动词的分类（Classification

of

Verbs

in

English)实义动词(notional)：make,

go,

walk,