高考英语二轮复习-专题八-定语从句课件

专题八定语从句-2-词汇复习8(根据汉语提示填入以d开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以d开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】Noonecandenythatwiththe

(发展)ofeconomicsinthepastdecades,thestandardofpeople’slifehasbeenincreasingrapidly.However,thequalityofairandwaterisdeclining,people’shealthlevelisdropping,andsomegoodlandhasbeendestroyed/damagedaswell.Peoplewhotakeexerciseatdawn

darenotgooutwithoutadefense.Theyfeelit

(危险的)totheirhealth,andtheirfeelingofhappinessis

(减少)agreatdeal.They

demand/desirethegovernmentmakea

(决定)andtakemeasureswithout

(耽误)toimprovethepresentsituationwhichwillmakeagreatdifference.

development

dangerous

decreasing

decision

delay-3-译文:不可否认,随着数十年经济的发展,人们的生活水平迅速提高。然而,空气和水的质量却在降低,人们的健康水平却在下降,一些好的耕地也被破坏。黎明晨练的人们不戴防护不敢出去。他们感到对健康有危险,他们的幸福感也下降了很多。他们要求政府做出决定并采取措施来改善目前的局面,这将产生巨大的影响。-4-语言表达要流畅,定语从句来帮忙;引导词语确定好,前后关系最重要。1.(2015·安徽卷改编)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon

schooleducationdepends.

答案解析解析关闭考查“介词+which”引导的定语从句。本题的主句是“Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskill”,“upon

schooleducationdepends”是定语从句。在这类从句中,先行词指人时用whom,指物时则用which。在本句中先行词为thefundamentalskill,且前面有upon,因此填which。句意:一些专家认为,阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。答案解析关闭which-5-2.(2015·重庆卷改编)Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof

werepublishedinthe1990s.

答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句的引导词。句意:他写了很多本儿童读物,其中将近一半是于20世纪90年代出版的。此处考查“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为books,指物,故填which。答案解析关闭which-6-3.(2015·北京卷改编)OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,

youcanhearsomelovelymusic.

答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句。句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你可以听到一些动听的音乐。分析句意及句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,修饰St.Paul’s

Church;St.Paul’sChurch是一个表示地点的名词,且从句中缺少状语,故填where。答案解析关闭where-7-4.(2015·湖南卷改编)Itisatrulydelightfulplace,

looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.

答案解析解析关闭考查非限制性定语从句。根据句意及句子结构可知,所填词在句中引导非限制性定语从句,并做主语;又因先行词place指物,故填which。句意:它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。答案解析关闭which-8-5.(2015·江苏卷改编)Thenumberofsmokers,

isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句。句意:正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。分析句子结构可知,

isreported位于句子中间且前后有逗号隔开,此处不能填it;结合句意分析,此处应填as,引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,意为“正如……,正像……”。

答案解析关闭as-9-6.(2015·浙江卷改编)Creatinganatmosphere

employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.

答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句。句意:创造一种员工们感觉自己是团队里的一分子的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,空格处所填词引导定语从句,修饰atmosphere;atmosphere是一个表示地点的抽象名词且从句中结构完整,所以填inwhich或where。答案解析关闭inwhich/where-10-7.(2015·四川卷改编)Thebooksonthedesk,

coversareshiny,areprizesforus.

答案解析解析关闭考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,这是一个含有定语从句的复合句,定语从句的引导词在从句中做定语,修饰covers,意为“……的”,故填whose。whosecovers也可以表示为thecoversofwhich或ofwhichthecovers。句意:桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。答案解析关闭whose-11-8.(2015·陕西卷改编)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime

heshouldbeabletobeindependent.

答案解析解析关闭考查定语从句。分析句子可知,

heshouldbeabletobeindependent为定语从句,修饰先行词thetime。因为先行词为时间名词,并且从句中不缺主语和表语,所以用关系副词,在从句中做时间状语。故空格处填when。句意:作为家中最小的孩子,阿莱克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。答案解析关闭when-12-一二-13-一二二、考点(一)定语从句只能用that引导的情况:1.当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的一本书。2.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThesecondforeigncountrythatIexpecttovisitisGreek.我想去参观的第二个国家是希腊。3.当先行词是all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,something等不定代词时。Hedidn’trefertoanythingthathadhappenedtohimtheseyearsinhisletter.在信中他没有提及这些年发生在他身上的任何事情。-14-一二4.当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?5.当先行词被theonly,the

every,the

right,thesame等修饰时。①Hewastheonlypersonthatwitnessedtheaccident.他是唯一一个见证这次事故的人。②ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的那本好词典。6.在以which,who,whom引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用that。①Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?站在那边的那个人是谁?②WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?最适合我的T恤衫是哪一件?-15-一二7.在therebe句型中。Therearefewbooksinthelibrarythatarehelpfulformyexperiment.图书馆里没有对我的实验有帮助的书。(二)定语从句只能用which引导的情况:1.关系代词指物,做介词宾语的时候。Chinahas56nationalities,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristics,formingthevariousandcolorfulChineseculture.中国有56个民族,每个民族都有自己的特点,它们形成了丰富多彩的中国文化。2.关系代词指前面的整个句子,引导非限制性定语从句时。Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他考试不及格,这使他父亲很生气。-16-一二-17-一二Thisisthescientistwhose

nameisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistthe

name

of

whomisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistof

whom

the

nameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Theclassroom,whose

doorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,the

door

of

whichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,of

which

the

doorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。-18-一二(四)关系代词as的应用范围1.as和which一样可以引导非限制性定语从句,这两个关系代词都指整个主句内容(as通常译为“正如”),且在定语从句中都可以做主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:①as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,as/whichisknowntoeverybody.众所周知,月亮每月围绕地球转一周。-19-一二②as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为实义动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,aswasmorethanwecouldexpect.天气变得非常好了,这超出了我们的预料。Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.昨天雨下得很大,这使我没能去公园。-20-一二2.当先行词被thesame,such修饰时,定语从句需用as引导。①Iboughtthesamebookasyouhave.我买了一本跟你的一样的书。②Thisissuchaneasymathproblemaseveryonecanworkout.(比较:Thisissuchaneasymathproblemthateveryonecanworkitout.)这是一道如此简单的数学题,每个人都能解决。③He’llmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.他将与他能找到的最漂亮的女孩结婚。注意:当先行词被thesame修饰时,that也可引导定语从句,但意义有所不同。thesame...as(指同样或同类的),thesame...that(指同一个)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.这支钢笔与我丢的那支一样。ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.这就是我丢的那支钢笔。-21-一二(五)定语从句关系词的判断方法1.方法一:观察从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。①ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.=Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.这是我去年待过的小山村。②I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.=I’llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentwithyou.我永远不会忘记过和你在一起工作的日子。-22-一二2.方法二:判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。Thismuseumistheonethatyouvisitedafewdaysago.

这座博物馆是你前几天参观的那个。Thisisthemuseumwhere/inwhichtheexhibitionwasheld.

这是在其中举办展览的那座博物馆。-23-一二(六)“介词+关系词”中介词的确定1.根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。①Thisisnotthebookofwhichtheteacherspokeinclass.(speakof意为“谈及”,相当于talkof)这不是那本老师在课堂上谈及的那本书。②ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.(be/feelproudof为固定短语,意为“以……自豪”。)他们感到自豪的两样东西分别是吉姆的金表和戴拉的头发。-24-一二2.根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择。①I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.(表示具体的某一天,用介词on)我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。②Theboypointedtothedirectioninwhichhewouldrun.(“朝……方向”,用介词in)那个男孩指着他要跑去的方向。③Hecametoafarm,onwhichhefinallysettled.(“在农场上”,用介词on)他来到了一个农场,并在那里最终定居了下来。-25-一二(七)定语从句的几个特别之处1.“介词+where”引导的定语从句。有时我们可以见到“介词+where”引导的定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。①Hestoodatthewindow,fromwhereshecouldseenothingbutablankwall.他站在窗边,从那里除了一面白墙外他什么也看不到。(fromwhere=fromatthewindow,而不是fromthewindow)②Iwasthrownintoaprisonfromwhichnoonecouldescape.我被投入了一座监狱中,没人能从那儿逃走。(fromwhich=fromtheprison)-26-一二2.分隔式定语从句。定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。Theonlybridgeacrosstheriverfelldownintheflood,whichhadbeentherefordecades.那座在河上存在了数十年的唯一一座桥在洪水中垮塌了。3.抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句。当先行词为stage,situation,point,case等词且关系词在从句中做状语,这时用where引导定语从句;occasion之后用when引导定语从句,theway(表示“方式”)后的定语从句用“that/inwhich/省去关系词”三种结构引导。①Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。-27-一二②IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcan’twriteagoodessay.我能想出许多这样的场合,很显然学生知道许多英语词汇但是却写不出一篇好文章。③Inthepastfiveyears,therehavebeenfewoccasionswhenthewholefamilycangettogether.在过去的五年中,很少有全家能聚在一起的时候。④Idon’tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayin

whichhelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayhelaughedatme.我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。-28-一二4.what,whatever,whoever,whomever等引导的名词性从句,有时可转换为“先行词+关系词”引导的定语从句。①Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.=Anyone

whospitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.任何在公共场合吐痰的人在这儿都将受到惩罚。②Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontothebestuniversity.=Theparentswilluseall

thattheyhavetosendtheirsontothebestuniversity.父母们将会倾其所有送他们的孩子去上最好的大学。-29-一二三四一、根据句意,用适当的关系词填空1.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities

theycangainexperienceforgrowth.

2.Amongthemanydangers

sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.

3.Pleasesendusalltheinformation

youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.

4.Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,

isquiteunexpected.

5.Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,

Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.

6.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth

wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.

wherewhich/that

that

which

whenwhich/that

-30-一二三四7.WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse

Iwouldbestaying.

8.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,

heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.

9.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose

liveswereaffected.

10.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks

animalsandplantscanbeprotected.

where

which

whose

where-31-一二三四二、用定语从句完成下列句子1.Thisisthebestfilm

(我看过的)inthepastfewyears.(see)

2.Theresultmusthavebeendisappointing,

(从……可以看出)thedisappointinglookonhisface.(see)

3.You’dbetteraskyourteachersandparentsforadvice,

(通过这种方式)youwillmakeawiserdecision.(means)

4.Nowadaysalmosteveryonepreferstouseasmartmobilephone

(它的功能更加实用).(function)

5.Thisisthereason

(他为什么现在离开).(leave)

6.MaryBrownmovedtoaplace

(靠近大海),soshecouldgoswimmingeveryday.(lie)

thatIhaveseen

as/whichcouldbeseenfrombywhichmeanswhosefunctionsaremorepracticalwhyheisleavingnowwhichliesnearthesea-32-一二三四7.Hegothimselfintoadifficultsituation

(在这种情形下他必须完全靠自己做出最终决定).(makeadecision)

8.It’sthesameperson

(我们昨天要找的)yesterday.(find)

9.Learningstrategies,

importance(老师们认为重要的),havenotyetdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.(attach)

10.

(凡是想展示个人才华的人)cangoinfortheCCTVprogramme“AmazingChinese”.

wherehemustmakeafinaldecisionallbyhimselfaswewantedtofind

towhich(the)teachersattach/haveattachedAnyonewhowantstoshowhispersonaltalent-33-一二三四三、语法填空HelloKitty,oneofthemostfamousimaginary1.

(character)intheworld,greetsuseverywhere.Sinceshewasborn,she2.

(gain)impressivepopularity—sheis3.

internationalfashionqueen.

2014wasthecharacter’s40thbirthday.Fansfromaroundtheworldgathered4.

(cheerful)tocelebratetheirloveofHelloKitty.

HelloKittywas5.

(design)asacharactertoattractpre-teenagegirls.T