虚拟语气讲解与练习学案（完整版） 高考英语一轮复习

虚拟语气导学案（一）一、条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是____________，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：Iftimepermits,we’llgofishingtogether.翻译：______________________________________________________。如果假设情况是不存在或不大可能发生的，则是____________。如：Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。二、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其主句与从句中谓语动词的形式列表如下：假设类型从句主句例句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反练习：1、IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI___________him.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.know2、IfBob___________withus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime.A.wouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.hadcomeD.came3、__________,Ishouldaskthemsomequestions.A.IftheyshouldcometousB.IftheycometousC.IftheywerecometousD.Iftheyhadcometous4、__________youwerebusy,Iwouldn'thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.A.IfIrealized B.IfIhadrealizedC.DidIhaverealizedthat D.AsIrealized三、虚拟语气的其他用法1、wish在宾语从句中的用法：动词_______或_______——与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语+动词____________式——与过去事实相反助动词过去式+_________——与将来事实相反IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger.)IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)Iwishtheywouldletusgetsomesleep.注意：that在宾语从句中常常____________；虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“____________”；wish&hope接宾语从句的区别：hope表示一般_______(可以/不大可能)实现的希望，从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或_______((可以/不大可能)实现的希望,从句用虚拟语气。试填写：（1）We___________(hope/wish)theywillcome.(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)（2）We___________(hope/wish)theycouldcome.(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)练习：1.Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI.A.canB.couldC.hadD.speak2.“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?”“Idon'tknow,butit'sabouttimeonsomething.”A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided3.Iwishyouinterruptinterruptinterrupt:v.打断A.willnotB.wouldnotC.donotD.didnot4.IwishI_______________herelastnight.A.wereB.hadbeen C.wouldbe D.was5.IwishI____________tothemoononeday.A.canflyB.flew C.couldfly D.hadflown四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1.省掉if的条件从句结构：(1)Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.（写回带if的条件句）=____________________________________________________IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.（写出省略if的条件句）=____________________________________________________表格：从句结构省略结构If+主语+had+过去分词Had+主语+过去分词If+主语+wereto+动词原形Were+主语+to+动词原形If+主语+should+动词原形Should+主语+动词原形练习：1.today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave2._____________Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.Have B.If C.Had D.Having【课后练习】1.IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.A.beB.wasC.wereD.am2.Idon’tthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't3.Iftheyhadknownhim,tohim?A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalkC.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk4.IfIlivedinthecity,Itravelincrowdedbuses,butItoseelotsof

films.A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amableC.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable5.Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifItime.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad6.Ididn'tgotothefootballmatch,butIdowishIthere.A.wentB.wasC.wereD.hadbeen虚拟语气导学案（二）（06.08）【课前回顾】1．Shewishesshe_______________tothecinemalastnight．A．went B．wouldgo C．hadgone D．weregoing2．Thereporturgedthatallthechildren_________toswim.A.aretaught B.betaught C.tobetaught D.beingtaught3．IshouldnothavelaughedifI___________youwereserious.A．thought Bwouldthink C．hadthought D．havethought4.Mymomsuggeststhatwe___________eatoutforachangethisweekend.A．should B．might C．could D．would5．Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe________there，shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A．lives B．wouldlive C．haslived D．weretolive6.Iamnotgoingtosithereandletherabuseme.Idemandthatsheimmediately________forwhatshejustsaid.A．apologize B．wouldapologize C．apologized D．mustapologize【课堂新授】一、虚拟语气的特殊用法1、wouldrather在宾语从句中的用法：条件从句谓语动词现在或者将来的虚拟过去式（be动词用were）过去的虚拟haddone（过去完成时）例句：①Iwouldratheryouhadn’tsaidit.（与_______事实相反）②Iwouldratherwehadarestnow.（与_______事实相反）③Iwouldratheryoumetherattheairporttomorrowmorning.（与_______事实相反）含蓄虚拟条件句：含义：有些句子不含条件从句，而是通过介词或介词短语(butfor，without)、上下文、连词(but，or,otherwise等)或其他方式表现出来，意思和条件句差不多。Withoutelectricity，theworld______________(be)dark.如果没有电，世界将会一片黑暗。Butforyouradvice,I________________________(make)suchgreatprogress.要是没有你的建议，我就不会取得如此大的进步了。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseI________________(go)therewithyou.我那天很忙，否则我就和你一起去那儿了。【练一练】1．I______________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A．couldn'thavegone B．didn'tgoC．wouldn'tgo D．hadn'tgone2.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey______________toourhelp.A．couldn'thavecame B．didn'tcomeC．wouldcome D．wouldhavecame混合时间/错综时间虚拟条件句含义：r当虚拟条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整,称为混合时间/错综时间虚拟条件句。E.g.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.要是你听医生的话，你现在就已经好了。（前半句为________，后半句为现在时）IfIwereyou,I____________________(send)himtohospitalyesterday.我要是你，我昨天就已经送他去医院了。虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用：句型1：Itbe+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形E.g.Itissurprisingthatyou(should)notunderstandme!你竟然不理解我，真是令人吃惊！句型2：Itbe+n.+that+(should)+动词原形E.g.Itwasasurprisethathe(should)comesoearly.真奇怪他竟来得如此早。句型3：Itbe+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形g.Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildren.人们建议父母花更多的时间和孩子相处。【试一试】It'sstrangethattourists_________________thisplace.shouldvisited B.wouldvisit C.hadvisited D.shouldnotvisitItisnecessarythatyou______________everypossiblechance.shouldnotseize B.wouldseize C.hadseized D.shouldseizeItisproposedthatthey____________________(leave)thefollowingweek.虚拟语气在表语从句中的运用：suggestion，proposal，order，request，advice等名词（表建议、命令要求）后的表语从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词构成是“(should)+动词原形”。E.g.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)gotoLhasaforsightseeing.他的建议是让我们去拉萨光。虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用虚拟语气可用于定语从句中。这种从句常用在Itis(high)time(that)句型中,从句中谓语动词一般用过去式或“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构。注：should在Itis(high)time(that)句型____________(可以/不可以)省略。例：It＇stimethatthepublic_________(raise)theirawarenessofusingsharedbikesreasonably.公众应该提高合理使用共享单车的意识。例：Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathe_____________(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.杰克是一个大空谈家，到他该做事情而不是空谈的时候了。虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用asif/asthough引导的虚拟语气有时也用虚拟语气对事实的假设表语从句中的谓语动词与现在事实相反did/were(一般过去时)与过去事实相反haddone(过去完成时)与将来事实相反would/might/could+动词原形（过去将来时）E.g.Itseemsasif/thoughthemeetingwouldneverend.会议似乎永远不会结束。注：当asif表真实事实或者极大可能性，用陈述语气！incase，forfearthat，inorderthat，sothat引导的目的状语从句中，谓语用“should/could/would+动词原形”。E.g.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincase/forfearthattheyshouldbecaughtintherain.他随身带了雨衣，以免遭雨淋。ifonly句型ifonly后跟虚拟语气表示“要是…...就好了”。用_______________(过去式/had+过去分词/would+动词原形)表示与现在事实相反；用“________________”(过去式/had+过去分词/would+动词原形)表示与过去事实相反；用“________________”(过去式/had+过去分词/would+动词原形)表示与将来事实相反。E.g.IfonlyIhadacar，Icouldgetoutofthisplace.要是我有辆车，我就能离开这儿了。（与___________事实相反）巩固练习1.Ididn'tgotothefootballmatch,butIdowishIthere.A.wentB.wasC.wereD.hadbeen2.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe__________agoodtimetogether.A.hadB.willhaveC.wouldhavehadD.hadhad3.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________thetaskinhalfthetime.A.finishedB.hadfinishedC.wouldfinishD.wouldhavefinished4.It’s

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