2023学年完整公开课版DiscoveringUsefulStructuresRestrictiverelat

CULTURALHERITAGEUNIT1

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—Restrictiverelativeclauses(3)达标检测当堂检测基础达标演练语法导学感悟规律重点难点剖析内容索引语法感知语法导学感悟规律重点难点剖析感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1.Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew，anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.2.WaterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthatwereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.3.Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem，andcitizenswholivednearthedam，thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.4.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece，andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.5.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.6.PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO，whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.1.句1－6加颜色部分都是

从句。2.句2,3,5,6中，先行词都是表示人或物的名词，所以其后的定语从句用关系代词

或者

来引导；先行词在从句中作的都是

，关系代词不能省略。3.句1,4中，先行词分别是表示时间和地点的名词，且在后面的从句中作状语，所以用关系

when和where来引导。4.句6中，which引导的是一个

从句，修饰先行词UNESCO。限制性定语whothat副词非限制性定语主语语法精析限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义，在讲话时不需停顿，书写时不用逗号，通常由关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why引导。一、基本概念1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词(有时是短语或句子)叫做先行词。如下列句中加黑部分就是先行词。Shehasfoundthenecklacethatshelosttwoweeksago.她找到了她两周前丢失的项链。Asageneralrule，themostsuccessfulmaninlifeisthemanwhohasthebestinformation.一般说来，生活中最成功的人是获得最佳信息的人。Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天？2.关系词：用来引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。它包括关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。关系词在从句中都担任一定句子成分。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。We’regoingtodosomethingthathasneverbeendonebefore.(作主语)我们打算尝试一下以前从来没有做过的事情。Heisamanwhomweshouldalllearnfrom.(作宾语)我们都应该向他学习。Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.(作定语)他住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.(作表语)他不再是过去的样子了。AtthetimewhenIsawhim，hewaswell.(作时间状语)我见他的时候，他身体很棒。Theystillliveinthesamehousewheretheylivedtenyearsago.(作地点状语)他们仍然居住在十年前的那所房子里。Thatisthereasonwhytheysufferedsuchgreatloss.(作原因状语)这就是他们遭受那么大损失的原因。[温馨提示](1)作宾语的关系代词常可省去。如：Therearesomefilms(that)I’dliketosee.(2)因为关系词在从句中已经担任了某一成分，所以关系词所代指的先行词在从句中不要再出现。下面的句子都有错误：MrsSmithwhomyoumetheryesterdayisafriendofmine.(去掉her)Guilinisacitywhichithasahistoryof2,000years.(去掉it)Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasbornthere.(去掉there)TherearemomentswhenIforgotallaboutitthen.(去掉then)二、关系词的种类和功能

种

类功能(在从句中所担任的成分)关系代词that主语、宾语(代替人或物)which主语、宾语(代替物)who主语、宾语(代替人)whom宾语(代替人)whose定语(代替人或物)as主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)关系副词when时间状语(代替表时间的先行词)where地点状语(代替表地点的先行词)why原因状语(先行词是reason)1.that用作关系代词，既可指人也可指物，可作主语、宾语或表语。Ishethemanthatsellseggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？(作主语，指人)Waterthatisimpureoftencausesseriousillness.不洁净的水常会引起严重的疾病。(作主语，指物)2.which用作关系代词时一般指物，可作主语、宾语。Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(作主语)Thisisthebookwhichyouwanted.这就是你想要的那本书。(作宾语)3.who只指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.医生是关照人们健康的人。(作主语)ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(作宾语)4.whom用作关系词，只指人，在从句中一般作宾语。Thegentlemanwhomsheencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。(作宾语)5.whose在从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。You’retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只有你的话他可能会听。(指人)I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。(指物)6.when的先行词须是表时间的词，在从句中作时间状语。JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天气很热的月份。7.where的先行词须是表地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。She’sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.她要回家休息了。[温馨提示]关系副词where的先行词也可以是有地点含义的抽象名词(如point，case，situation，condition等)。Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.他已到了需要改变的地步。(point在此是抽象名词)8.why的先行词只有reason，在从句中作原因状语。DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?你知道我为什么早走吗？三、that和which引导定语从句的区别1.which可引导非限制性定语从句，that不可以。Hehadfailedthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试不及格，这让他父亲很生气。2.which之前可有介词，that之前不能有介词。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.这是鲁迅过去住过的房子。3.当先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时，常用that。ThatisallthatIwanttosay.那就是我想说的一切。Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他这样做。4.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用that。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。5.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，多用that。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。6.先行词被thevery，theonly，just等修饰时，多用that。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我想买的字典。MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。7.先行词既包括人又包括物时，用that。Thepassengersandthesuitcasesthatwerestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。[温馨提示](1)way作先行词，若从句中缺少状语，则用that或inwhich引导定语从句，也可省略关系词。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.我不喜欢他跟他父母讲话的方式。(2)关系副词可由“介词＋关系代词”代替。Iwillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIworkedthere.我将永远记住我在那儿工作的那一天。MyfavoritecityisBeijingwhere/inwhichIcanvisittheGreatWall.我最喜欢的城市是北京，在那里我可以参观长城。(3)表“时间”，“地点”和“原因”的先行词如果在从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词引导定语从句；如果在从句中作状语，则选用关系副词。Thisisthemuseumthat/whichIvisitedlastyear.这就是我去年参观的那座博物馆。Thisisthemuseumwherehisfatherworkedtwentyyearsago.这就是他父亲20年前工作过的那个博物馆。Thereasonthat/whichhegaveisunbelievable.他给出的理由让人无法相信。Thereasonwhyheconductedsowellwasthathehadmadefullpreparations.他发挥的这么好的原因是他做了充分的准备。返回达标检测当堂检测基础达标演练Ⅰ.用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来1.Doyouremembertheplace?Weallusedtomeetthere.__________________________________________________2.Sheisanartist.Iamquitefamiliarwithherworks._________________________________________________3.Thereareanumberofprotests.Weareconsideringthem._________________________________________________________Doyouremembertheplacewhereweallusedtomeet?SheisanartistwhoseworksIamquitefamiliarwith.Thereareanumberofproteststhat/whichweareconsidering.4.Aplanecrashedintothesea.Itmayhavebeenaterroristtarget.________________________________________________________________5.Youwereplayingsomemusic，anditsoundedveryfamiliar._______________________________________________________________Aplanethat/whichcrashedintotheseamayhavebeenaterroristtarget.Themusicthat/whichyouwereplayingsoundedveryfamiliar.Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空，完成下列短文。Therewasatime6.

IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason7.

myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,8.

Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguideteacher9.

namewasLiYang，communicatedwithmefacetoface，from10.

Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner，