2023年中级职称外语考试试卷

20２3年中级职称英语考试试卷（120分钟内完毕）题号一二三总分得分一、阅读理解(阅读下列短文并用英语回答问题，共3０分）短文一（15分）Iｎoneｙｅartheworldusesasmｕｃhenergyａsthatcｏntaiｎeｄin2１ｂillionbａｒｒelｓofoiｌ．Andtheaｍouｎtofｆuelｎeｅdｅｄisgｒowｉｎｇｒaｐｉdly.Tｈesuppｌiesoｆfｏｓsilfueｌs---coal,oｉｌ,ａndgas－--areliｍｉted.Theymaynotlasｔａcentury.Thｅｎwhaｔwｉｌｌｔａｋetheｉrplａce?Fortｈeanswer,let’slooktotheｓｋy．Eａcｈdaythｅｓunshｏｗeｒsthｅworldwithseｖeralｔｈouｓａndｔimesasmuchenｅrｇyasｍanuses.Hｅre，ｉnasense,enerｇyisｕnlimitｅd．Tｈesun’seｎergyｉsｆreeｆoｒtheｔakｉng.Iｆmａncoulｄcaｐｔuｒeevenaｓmaｌｌpartofｔｈｅsuｎ’sｅneｒgyatｌowcoｓｔ,ｎoonewouldwｏrｒｙaｂoｕtrｕｎnｉｎgoutofnonreｎewablefuels.Ifｓｃｉentｉstｓsｕｃcｅｅdinｍakｉngｕｓeoftheｐoｗeroftｈesun,thｉsnewenｅrgywｉlｌhavemaｎydifｆerentuses.Thesun’seｎｅrgｙｃaｎbeusｅdinyoｕrownhousefｏｒheaｔingandｃoｏｋiｎg.Tｈeｎｔhｅsuncanalｓobeusｅdaｓaｓourcｅoffuｅlforpoweｒplaｎts．Ｓｏlareｎｅrgycaｎｂeusedintｅleｐhonecomｍunicaｔiｏｎ，inｓｐaceｔravel,ａndiｎfarｍing.Ｏneｏｆｔhｅｐraｃticalpｒｏbｌemｓincoｎtｒollingsoｌａreneｒｇyismakiｎｇｉtcontｉnuous.Wｈatｃaｎbｅdonewｈｅｎthesｕnｉsnｏtｓhiniｎgoｎtheｈｅａtingsystｅm?Ｉｆyoｕwereｕsingasolａｒｐumpforｉrｒigatiｏn，theinｔｅrruｐtｉonwouｌdｎｏtmatｔer,sinceplaｎtｓｄonotnｅedacoｎtiｎuousｓupplyofwateｒintheｎighttimｅ.Buｔsupposeyouｗereheatｉｎｇyourhoｕｓｅbysoｌａreneｒｇy.Anｕmｂerofexpｅriｍenｔalｈouｓeｓtｈatarｅhｅatｅdｉntｈiswａyusestoｒagetａｎkstoholdtｈeｈeatｆornigｈtｔiｍeａｎdrａｉｎysｐells,ｏrtheymusthavesuｐplementarｙheatingsupplｉｅdｂyｏrdinａｒｙfueｌs.Onceｔheｓun’sｅｎｅrgyiscapｔｕred，thesupplｙｏｆeｎerｇywilｌbeenｄless．Nｏwonｄertｈoseｗholooktotheskｙｓｅｅtherewｉlｌｂeｇreatcｈangesinｏｕｒfutuｒewaｙofｌiｆe.Ｑuestioｎs：Whａｔｉsthisｐassａgemａｉnｌyabouｔ?Whaｔwillrepｌacefossilfueｌｓｉntheｆuture？Whａtｐroblｅmｍａyariｓｅwhensolaｒｅnｅrgyｉsuｓｅdtoheatthehouｓe?Howcanｓｏlareｎerｇybesｔｏredｆｏrcontinuoｕsusｅ5.Whaｔcａｎｂｅexpｅctedofouｒlｉfeｉｎtheｆuｔuｒeiｆtｈｅsuｎ’senergyiswideｌyｕsed?短文二(1５分)Iｎrecenｔyearsｗehavｅcometoreａlizeｔhatsevｅralthreatsｔotｈeenｖｉroｎmｅntａrefｕndameｎtal．Onｅｉｓacidrａｉn,whichｉscreateｄbytheｍｉｌlioｎｓoftｏnｓｏｆｓulｐhｕrdioｘiｄe(二氧化硫）andｎｉｔrogenoxiｄes(氧化氮）speｗｅdoｕtofｓmoｋesｔaｃｋｓaｎｄautｏmoｂileｅxｈausｔpｉｐes．Theoxideｓmixwithwateｒvａporintheairtoforｍweaksulpｈuriｃanｄnitricaｃｉｄ,ｗhｉｃhｌaｔerｆallｓasaciｄraｉn.Ｔhｅrｅｓｕltｉsinｃｒeａsedacｉｄｉty（酸性)ｉnlａkes,whｉchhascurtailedthｅaｂiｌｉtyｏfmａnyfiｓhtｏreprodｕｃｅ，andｉnthesｏｉl,whichhaｓsｌowedthｅgｒoｗthoｆtrｅeｓ.Ｗｉtheverynewｓreporｔ,thｅexternality(外延性)ｏｆenvirｏnmｅntaｌproｂｌeｍssｅeｍstobｅｃomeclearｅr.Fｏrｅｘａｍple，itｗasrecentlyreｐortｅｄtｈaｔLａppvｉllagersiｎnoｒtｈｅrnSｗedenandNorwaywｅreｆorbiｄｄeｎtｏeａtlocaｌdeeｒmeatafteｒｔheirdeeｒbecａmepollutedbyｆallouｔfromtｈeｎuｃlｅaｒａcｃidentatCheｒｎoｂyl(切尔诺贝利).Butsomepｏｌlutiｏnｐroblemsinvolvesｕｃhgｒeａｔexｔeｒnａlｉtｉesthａtｔｈeｗｈｏleｗorldisaffecｔed.Oneeｘamｐleｉｓｔheｇreenhoｕseeffecｔ．Ｔhｅsteadｉlyrｉsingoｆcarbondｉoxideinｔheｅarth’sａtmosphereｃausesittｏtrapｉｎcrｅasingamｏuntsoftｈeｈeatｒadｉａtedbｙtｈｅplａnet.Thegenerａlwarｍｉｎgｔrｅｎdｉseｘｐectedtohａveｄiｓａstrouseｆｆeｃts,ｉncludｉnｇｍaｓsstａrvaｔioninｓomelesｓdｅｖelopedcountries,flｏoｄingｏfentirｅｃoastaｌaｒeas,ａndｓeｖeredroughtsｏntｈeＣaｎａdianPｒaｉrｉes，ｐeｒhapｓwｉtｈiｎｔhｅｎeｘｔfiftyyears.Imｐroｐerlyｄiｓｐosedｗaｓtessｕcｈasthoseｆｒｏmnuclｅaｒplants，inｄusｔrialmaｎuｆactｕring,laboraｔｏrｉeｓ,anｄｍｅdｉcalinstｉｔutionbecｏmesaｎotｈerｃriticalenｖiｒonmentaｌpｒoblem；tｈeyｃanthｒｅａtenａllformsoforgaｎiｃｌife.Uｎfortunately,liｔｔlｅhasbeｅndonesｏｆaｒtosolveｔhiｓproblｅm．Iｎdeedthｅrｅaremanyexampｌesinwhichiｎdustrializｅdcｏunｔriｅｓhavelitｅrａlｌｙjｕｓtｓhippｅｄtｈeｐroblemｏfftｏtheｐoｏrｅｓｔofthｅlessｄeveｌｏpedcountｒｉes–countrieｓuｎeqｕipｐedwｉｔｈthｅneceｓｓarystorageaｎdtreaｔmｅntfaｃｉlｉｔiｅs，ａndｃertainｌyｔｏopoortodealwｉththeseriｏuｓenvｉronmenｔalproblemｓthatwｉｌlｆolｌow.Foｒexamｐle,in19８８thｅgoveｒnmentofGuineasｉgnｅdacｏｎtraｃtｗithtwoBrｉtiｓhfirmｓtoｒeceivefiｆteenmilｌiontonsofphａｒｍａceｕticaｌwastesｏvｅｒａfｉve－ｙeａrｐeｒiod.Whilethisarｒａngementwasveryiｎexpensｉvefromｔhefiｒms’poiｎｔofvｉew,thepaｙｍentｓtｏGuｉneaｔoｔalｅdｍｏrｅthａnfourtimestｈatｃouｎtry’snatｉonalpｒoｄuct.Iｔmakesitdｉffｉcｕltｔosolvｅtｈｅproblemwhｅｎparｔｓofthewｏrldarｅsopoorｔhattｈeyareｆorcｅdtoregardｓｕｃhtｒaｎsacｔｉonsas“gｏoｄｄeals”.Theuｓerｓofthｅworld’sreｓourceｓsiｍplｙmｕｓtｂemadetotaketheｅｘｔｅrｎalcｏstsoftｈeiractionsintocoｎsiｄerationwhｅnｍａkinｇｔheirdｅcisｉonｓ.Ｔhepeoplｅｗhoarehackingｄowntheworld’srainｆoreｓtsattherateof12０0hectａresanhoｕrarelitｅｒallyｃuｔtingａwayｔheluｎgsoｆtheeａrth,sｉncerａinｆｏrestｓcoｎtriｂutｅalargepercentageoftｈeoxygeｎintｈeeaｒth’ｓatmosｐherｅ.Butthesｅiｎdiviｄualｓａｒenｏtneｃessarilｙevil:inｍanｙcasｅs,theyarefoｒcedtｏoverｕsetheenvironｍｅntforｔｈｅirｏｗnｏrtｈeｉrcoｕntｒy’siｍｍedｉａtｅsuｒvival.Ｆorexaｍplｅ,somedevelopｉngｃoｕntriｅs’needsfｏrｆoreignexchanｇeｔopａｙfｏrimporｔscompelthemtocutwｏｏdｆasｔeｒthaｎitcａｎbeｒｅgenerated．Thｅysimplycan’taｆfｏrdtoworryaｂoｕttｈefｕture．Qｕestｉonｓ:１.Ｗhaｔcaｕsesaｃiｄraiｎ?２．Whycan’ｔdeｅrmeatbeeateｎｉｎnoｒthernSwedenａnｄＮorｗay?3．4．Wｈatcaｎimproperｌydｉsposedｗaｓtesthreateｎ？5.Whｙｄoesｈackingｄoｗｎtheworlｄ’srainforeｓtsmeａnｃｕtｔingaｗaｙthelungsoftheｅaｒth？二、英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，每题1０分，共50分)1.Aｌｏokａheadｇｉｖespｅｔｒoleumanexciｔingroleｉntheｗｏｒldoftｏmｏrroｗ.Twｏgeｎerationsagopetｒoleｕmbecameaｒevｏlutionａryｅnergysｏurceｕsedｔｏｔranspｏrtｍａｎfroｍplaｃｅtｏpｌａcｅ．Neｘｔ,ｉｔwａsuｓeｄｔoｈeaｔhomｅs．Morerｅcｅnｔly,peopleｈａvebeｇunusinｇiｔtoｍａkecｌotｈiｎg,wasｈdiｓheｓａndｓoon.Tｏｍｏrrｏwthisversaｔilesｕｂstａncemaｙbｅcaｌledｉnｔohelｐfeeｄmａn.2.Genｅｔiｃstｅchｎoｌogyaｓｗelｌａseneｒgyａnｄｅnｖiroｎmenttechnologｉesｃｏuｌdholdｔｈispotenｔial．Buｔlookingaheadtｏwarｄｓtｈenexｔtenyｅaｒsoｒｓo,tｈemaiｎdrivingforｃｅforｅｃoｎｏmiｃａndsoｃｉａlｃｈangeｗilｌbｅiｎｆormatｉonteｃhnolｏｇy.Aｄｅcadeｆromnｏw，informaｔiontechnoloｇywｉlｌｈavepenetraｔeｄｅｖeryaspeｃtofhumａnacｔｉvｉty.Onceaｇain，tｈｅintｅractionbetwｅenｔheevolｕｔioｎoｆtecｈnologyandtheｄevelopmenｔofｅconｏmｙａndsｏｃｉetywｉlｌhavefoundchanges.3.ManｙreporｔsoｎＣhiｎabythemeｄiaoｆthｅWｅstarｅｎoｔaccuｒatｅ,andsoｍetｉmｅsveｒyunobjectiｖeandverｙunfaiｒ．ＲeｐｏrtｓｏnChina’sdｅvelopmentareｒarelyseeninWesｔeｒnnewsｐapers.ＴｈｅyshowlitｔleconｃernｆorＣｈｉnａ’srapｉdprｏｇress,butcａreonlyａbｏｕtthｅdｉｆfｉcultiesａnｄproblems.IｆoｎerelｉｅｄonlyoｎｔhoserｅｐortsaｎdignｏｒedtｈｅrealityoｆChina,ｔhepｉctｕrｅｏfCｈinaｉnonｅ’sｍiｎdｗouldｂｅasoｃietysooｎtｏｃoｌｌａpｓe.Butqｕiteonｔhecoｎtraｒy,Cｈiｎainfａctisapoliｔicallｙveryｓｔablｅsｏｃiｅtyａndeconｏmicaｌlyrａpｉdgrｏwingcountrｙ.４．Advertiｓｉngisawayofｂrｉrmationtothepublicｆorｔhepurposeoｆselliｎgaｐroｄｕct,pｒｏvidiｎgaｓｅrｖice,givingａniｄea.Ｔheiｎformａtiｏnistransmittedbyｍeaｎｓoftheｐrintedworｄsorｏvertｈｅair.Itmaybyprｅseｎtｅdａsasimplｅsｔａtemeｎtoｆfact,asismoreｆrｅquentlytｈecaｓe,itmａybeｏfｆｅrｅdinｃoｌorfuloreｖenemotｉonallaｎguaｇe.Aｌladveｒtｉsiｎgisiｎtｅndedtostimｕlaｔeｐeopｌeｔodｏsｏmespｅcificｔｈings,suｃhasbｕyaｐｒoducｔ,oｒderａserviｃe,joinanｏｒｇａnizatiｏn，ａttendａmeetinｇorthinkｓympatheｔicallyａｂoｕｔａsiｔuatｉon.5.Innoｖationisｎotjuｓｔaｂｏuｔtechnology;itｉｓａboutｈoｗyouusetｅchnｏｌogy.Itｉsnｏｔaboutthe“nｅw”ｅcｏnomy;ｉｔisabｏut