2023年考研英语一真题及答案汇总

2０23年考研英语一真题及答案汇总ＳecｔioｎIUsｅofＥngｌｉshDｉrｅｃｔions:Reaｄthｅfｏlloｗｉｎgtext．Choosｅｔｈebeｓｔｗord(s)foreachnumbｅrｅdblaｎkandmarkA],B],C］ｏrＤ］ｏｎＡNSWEＲSＨEET1.(10pｏints)AｎciｅntGrｅeｋphｉlosoｐherAｒｉstoｔleviewｅdlaｕghtｅrａｓ“aｂｏdilｙeｘerｃisepreciｏustohｅaｌth.”Ｂｕt＿＿1＿__someclaｉmstothｅcontrary，ｌaughingpｒobａblｙｈaslittleｉnｆluenceonphysｉcalfｉtnessLａughtｅｒｄoes＿＿2＿__ｓhort-ｔermchangeｓinthefuncｔionoftｈｅheartanditsbｌoodveｓsels,__＿３_hearｔrateａndoxyｇｅｎconsumptionＢutｂｅcausehardlaugｈterｉsdｉfficuｌtto__４_＿,ａgoodlaughisunlｉkelytohａve＿_5＿__ｂeneｆｉｔsthewａｙ,ｓay,walkｉｎgｏrjｏggingdｏes.＿＿6__,instｅadofstｒainingmuscｌesｔobuildtｈem，asexerciｓedoeｓ,laugｈterapparｅnｔlyaccomplisheｓthｅ＿＿7__,stuｄiesdaｔingbａcktｏtｈe193０’sindｉcatethatlaugｈter__8___ｍuscleｓ，ｄｅcｒeasiｎgmuscletoneｆｏruptｏ45mｉnutesａfteｒthｅlａugｈdiesdｏｗn.Sｕchｂｏdilｙrｅａctionmighｔcoｎcｅiｖablyｈelp_9__ｔheeffeｃｔsoｆpsychｏloｇｉｃaｌstress．Anyｗay,tｈeacｔｏｆlaｕghiｎgprobａblｙdoesproｄuceotｈertyｐｅsof___１0_＿_feedbaｃk,thａtiｍproｖeanindividual’ｓｅmｏｔionaｌｓｔate.__11____oneclassicａltheｏryｏfemotion,oｕrfeｅｌiｎgsａreｐａrｔiallyroｏted_＿__12___phｙｓｉcalｒeaｃtｉonｓ．Itwasaｒguedattheendoｆtｈe19thcentuｒytｈaｔhumａｎｓdonotcrｙ_＿_13___theyaresａｄbuttｈeybecomesａｄwhentｈetｅarsbegiｎtoflow．Aｌtｈoughsadneｓsalｓo____14___ｔｅaｒｓ,ｅvｉdeｎｃeｓｕggeｓtｓｔｈatemotiｏnscａnfｌｏw_＿15＿__muscuｌarresponses.Iｎaneｘperimentpublishedｉn1988,soｃialｐsychoｌogistFｒｉtｚStrａckoftheUniｖersｉtyｏｆwüｒzburｇinGermａnｙaskeｄｖolunteｅrｓｔo__１６＿__apeneiｔheｒwiththeirｔeetｈ-thｅrebｙcｒeａｔiｎganartｉfiｃiａlsｍile–orwiththeirlipｓ,ｗhｉchwouｌｄｐroducｅａ(n)__17＿_＿ｅxpressｉon.Thoｓeｆorcedtｏeｘｅrciｓetheireｎthusｉastiｃａllytｏｆuｎnycatoｏｎsthandidｔhosｅwhoｓeｍonthsｗｅｒecontrａｃｔeｄinafｒoｗn,＿___１9＿＿_thatｅxpressionｓｍａｙinfluenceemoｔionｓrathertｈａnjustｔｈeotheｒwａｙaround__20__,thｅｐｈｙsｉｃａlactｏｆlａuｇｈterｃoｕlｄimproveｍood.1.Ａ]amonｇB]excｅptC]deｓpiteＤ］likｅ2．Ａ]rｅｆlectB]deｍaｎdＣ］indicaｔeD]ｐrｏdｕcｅ3．A]stabｉｌizｉngB]boostingＣ］ｉmpａｉriｎgＤ]ｄeｔeｒminiｎｇ４.A]tｒansｍitB]sｕsｔainC]evaluａteD］ｏｂseｒve5.A]measurableB]ｍａnaｇｅableC]ａffoｒdaｂlｅＤ］renewaｂｌｅ6.A]IｎturｎB]ＩnfacｔC］IｎaddiｔiｏnD]Inbrｉef7.A］oppositeＢ]imposｓiｂleC]ａvｅrａgeD]expecｔed8.A]haｒdensB］weakeｎsC]tigｈｔｅnsD]reｌａxｅs９.Ａ]ａgｇｒavatｅB］genｅｒateC]ｍodeｒateＤ］enhancｅ1０.A]ｐｈｙｓicａlB]mentalC]ｓubcｏnscｉoｕsD]inｔerｎal11.Ａ]ＥxceｐtforB]AcｃoｒdiｎgｔoC]DuｅtｏD]Aｓfｏr12.A]ｗithB］onC]inD]at1３.A]unleｓsB]untilC]ifD]ｂecause14．A]exｈaｕｓtｓB］ｆｏllowsC］precｅｄesD］ｓuppｒesseｓ１5．A］ｉｎtｏB］fromC］towaｒｄsD］beyoｎｄ16．A］ｆetｃhB]biteC]ｐicｋD]hold17.A]disappoiｎtedB］excitｅdC]joｙfｕlD］indifｆｅrenｔ18.A]adａpｔｅdB]ｃatｅredC]ｔurnｅｄＤ］ｒｅaｃtｅｄ1９.A]sugｇestinｇＢ]ｒequirｉngC]ｍｅntｉoningＤ]sｕｐpoｓing20.A]ＥveｎtuaｌｌyB］ＣｏnｓequentｌyＣ]SiｍilaｒlｙD]ConverseｌySeｃtioｎIＩＲeadinｇCｏｍpreｈenｓionＰartＡDireｃtiｏns:Reaｄｔhｅｆｏllowingfouｒtｅxtｓ.AｎｓwerthequeｓtionsbeloｗｅachtｅxtbyｃhoosinｇA],B]，C]oｒD]．MａrｋyouraｎsｗersｏｎANSWERSHEET1.(40points）Ｔeｘｔ1ＴheｄｅｃiｓionoftｈｅNewYorkPhilharmoｎictohｉrｅAlａnGiｌbｅrtasiｔsｎextmusiｃdiｒecｔorhasbeｅnthetaｌkoｆｔheclassical－mｕsicworldeversiｎceｔhesuｄｄeｎannounｃemenｔoｆhisaｐpｏiｎtmentin2０23.Forthemｏsｔpart,theresponsehasbｅenfavorable,toｓaytheｌｅａst.“Hoｏｒay!Ａtlast！”ｗrotｅAｎthｏnyTommasini,asoｂｅr-siｄedｃｌassｉcａl-muｓｉccriｔic．Oneｏｆtｈerｅasonsｗhytheappointmentcamｅａssuchasｕrpｒｉse，howｅvｅｒ，ｉsthatGilｂeｒtiscompａｒaｔivelylｉｔtｌeknowｎ.EvenTomｍａsiｎｉ,whohadadｖｏｃａtedＧilbeｒt’sappｏintmenｔｉnｔhｅTimes,caｌlshim“aｎunpreｔentiousmusiｃｉaｎwitｈnｏairofｔheｆoｒmidableconｄｕcｔoraboｕｔhｉm.”AｓadｅsｃｒiptｉonoｆtｈenｅｘtmusiｃdirｅctorｏｆanorcｈestratｈathaｓhitheｒｔobeenledbyｍusｉcｉansｌｉｋｅGusｔavMahlerａｎdPｉeｒreBoulez,tｈａtseeｍslikｅlytohaｖeｓtｒuckａtｌeaｓtsoｍeTｉmesrｅａｄerｓasfaiｎｔpraisｅ.Ｆoｒmyｐart,IｈaveｎｏideaｗhetheｒＧilbertisagrｅatcｏndｕctororｅvenａgoodone．Ｔobｅsｕｒe,ｈepeｒfoｒmsaniｍpresｓｉｖeｖarietyeｒesｔingcｏｍpositions,butitisnotｎecessａｒyｆｏrmeｔｏvisｉｔAveryFｉsherHall,ｏrａｎywｈerｅeｌse,tohｅａrinterｅstingorchesｔralmｕsic.AllIhａvetoｄoｉstogｏtomyCDshｅlｆ，ｏｒbootｕｐｍycomputeranddoｗｎloadstｉｌlmorerecorｄedmｕsicｆromiＴunes.Deｖotｅdｃｏncerｔgｏersｗhorｅｐlythａtrecｏrdingｓarｅnｏｓuｂｓtituｔeｆｏrlivepeｒfoｒmａnｃｅaremｉsｓiｎgtｈepｏiｎｔ．Ｆortheｔime，attention,aｎdmoｎeyｏfthｅarｔ-lｏvｉngpｕblic,clａｓsiｃaｌinsｔrumeｎｔalistsmustcomｐetｅnotonlｙwiｔｈoｐerahoｕses,dancetrｏuｐes,theateｒcompaｎies,andmuseums,ｂutalsowiththerecoｒdedpｅrfoｒｍａncesofthegrｅatｃlａssiｃalmuｓicｉaｎsofｔｈe20thceｎtuｒy.Ｔｈererecoｒdｉngsａｒeｃｈeaｐ,ａｖailａbｌeeverywhere,ａndｖeryoftenmuchhighｅrｉnarｔｉｓticquａlｉtythanｔoｄaｙ’ｓlivｅpｅｒformaｎceｓ;ｍorｅover,tｈeycaｎｂe“coｎｓumed”aｔatｉmｅaｎdplaceoftheｌｉsteｎeｒ’ｓchｏosing.Ｔhewiｄesｐreａdavａilabiｌityofｓucｈrecordｉnｇshaｓthusbｒoughtaｂouｔａcrｉsisintheiｎstiｔｕtｉonｏftｈｅtraditionalclaｓsｉcａlconcｅrt.Ｏnepossiblereｓponｓeisｆorclａssicalpｅrfｏrmerｓtｏprｏgramattracｔiｖenｅwｍusiｃtｈaｔisｎotyetaｖａilableonrｅcｏrd.Giｌbert’sowｎinｔeｒestinnewmｕsｉchasbｅｅnwｉｄeｌyｎotｅｄ:ＡｌexRoss,acｌassicaｌ-ｍusiccritｉc,ｈａsdescribeｄhimasａｍanｗhoｉscapableoｆturningｔhePhilharmonｉcinｔｏ“aｍarkedlydifferent,morevibranｔorgａnｉzatiｏn.”Buｔｗhatwilｌbｅtｈenaｔureｏfthaｔｄｉfference?Meｒelyexpanｄｉｎgtｈeorｃｈestｒa’sｒepｅrｔｏirewillnｏtｂｅeｎoｕｇh．IｆGilbertaｎdｔhePhｉｌhaｒmoｎicaretosucceed,theymustfirｓｔchangeｔherｅｌatiｏnshｉpbｅｔweｅnAmｅｒica’sｏlｄestoｒchｅstraanｄｔheｎewａudienceithｏpstoattrａct．21.WelearｎfromPaｒa．１tｈatGｉlｂeｒt’ｓapｐoｉntｍeｎthasA]iｎcurredcriticiｓｍ.B］raiｓedsｕspicioｎ.C]receiveｄacclaim.D］aroｕsedcuriｏsｉｔｙ.22．TommasiｎiregaｒdsGilｂertasaｎartｉstwhoiｓA]inｆlｕentiａｌ.B]mｏdｅst.C]respectable．D］ｔａlented.２3.ＴheａuthorｂelievesthatthｅdevotedｃｏｎｃｅｒtgoersA]ignorｅtheexpｅｎsesoｆlivｅpeｒfｏｒmances.B]rejｅｃtmoｓｔｋiｎdsofrecoｒdedpeｒｆormances．C]eｘaggeｒａｔｅthevaｒietyｏflivepｅrfoｒmanｃeｓ．Ｄ]ovｅrestimatetheｖalｕeｏｆlivepｅrformances．24.Ａcｃordingｔotｈetext，whichｏftheｆollｏｗiｎgisｔｒueｏfreｃoｒdｉngs?A]Theyareofteninｆerｉｏｒtolｉveｃoｎceｒtsiｎｑuaｌiｔy.B]Theyａreeasilyａccｅssiblｅｔｏthegenｅrａｌpuｂlic.C]Thｅyｈelpimｐrｏvetheｑualityofmusｉc．D]Ｔheｙｈavｅoｎlycoｖeredmａｓterpieces.25.RegaｒdingGiｌbｅrt’ｓroｌeinrevｉtａlizinｇｔｈePhilharmｏnｉc,theaｕthorfｅｅlsＡ]dｏｕｂtｆul.B]enthuｓiaｓtic．C]confｉｄeｎt.D]puｚzｌed．Ｔext２ＷhｅnＬｉａmMcGeｅdｅｐartedasｐresｉdentofBankｏfAmeｒicainAugusｔ,ｈisexplａnａtiｏnwassurprisiｎglystｒaightup.Ｒatｈerthaｎcloakingｈiｓeｘitiｎtheuｓuａlvaguｅexcｕses,hｅｃamerightｏutａndｓaidhewａslｅaving“topursuemygoalofrｕnnｉngａｃoｍpany.”Broａdcａstiｎgｈｉsａmｂitioｎwas“veryｍｕchmydeｃisｉｏn,”McGeｅsaｙs．Wiｔｈintwoweeｋｓ,heｗasｔalｋiｎgforthefｉrsttimewｉththeboarｄｏfHartforｄFｉｎancialSerｖｉceｓGroup,ｗhｉcｈnamedhimCEＯandchairmanoｎSeptember2９.MｃGeesaｙｓleavinｇwｉtｈoutapｏsitionlineｄupgavehｉmtiｍｅtｏｒefｌectonwhａtkindoｆcｏmpａnyheｗaｎtedｔoruｎ.Ｉｔalsoｓｅnｔaclｅarmeｓsageｔoｔhｅoｕtsideｗoｒldabouｔhｉsaｓpiｒaｔｉｏns．AｎdＭcGeｅｉｓｎ’tａｌｏne．InrecｅnｔweeksthｅNｏ.2eｘecｕtｉｖesａtAvoｎandＡmｅｒicaｎＥxpreｓsquｉtwitｈtheｅxｐlａnatiｏnthａtｔheyｗeｒelｏokingfｏraCEＯpｏst．Asboardｓｓｃrｕtｉnizeｓuｃceｓsionplaｎsinresponsetoｓhａｒeｈｏlｄｅrprｅｓsure,ｅｘeｃｕｔｉｖeswhodon’ｔgetthenｏdａlsｏｍaywｉsｈtomoveｏn.Atuｒbuleｎtbuｓinesseｎviｒｏｎmenｔalsohaｓsｅnioｒmanagerscautｉoｕsoｆleｔtingvaｇuｅpronouｎcemｅnｔｓclｏudthｅirreputatiｏns.Astheｆiｒstｓiｇnｓofrecoｖerｙbegintoｔakehold,deｐutｙｃhiefsmａybeｍｏrewilｌingｔomaｋethejumpwithoutanet.Iｎtheｔhirｄquaｒter,CEＯturnｏverwaｓdown2３%froｍａyeaｒagoａｓneｒvoｕsbｏaｒｄsstuｃｋｗiththeleadersthｅyhａd,ａccｏｒｄｉngｔoLiberumReｓｅａrｃh.Aｓthｅeｃｏｎoｍypｉcｋsｕp,ｏpｐortｕｎitiｅswiｌｌaboｕndforａspiriｎｇleadｅrｓ.Thedecisioｎｔｏquitａｓeniｏrpｏｓitioｎtoｌookfｏrabｅtteroｎｅｉsuncｏｎventionａl.FｏrｙearｓexecuｔiｖesaｎｄｈｅadhuｎｔeｒsｈａveadherｅdtotherｕｌeｔｈaｔthｅmoｓｔａttｒaｃtiｖeCEＯｃandidatｅsaretheoｎeswhomｕstbepoacｈed.SaysＫorn/FerryseｎiｏrpａrtｎerDennｉsＣareｙ:”Ｉｃan’ttｈiｎｋoｆasiｎglesearｃhＩ’veｄonewｈeｒeａｂｏardｈasｎoｔｉnstｒｕｃtｅｄmeｔｏｌoｏkaｔsittingCEOsfiｒsｔ.”Thosｅwhoｊumpedwiｔhouｔajoｂhaｖｅn’talwayｓｌanｄeｄｉntoppｏsiｔionｓquiｃkｌｙ．ElleｎＭａrramｑuｉｔaschiefofTropicaｎａadｅcadeage，ｓayinｇshｅwantｅdtｏｂeａCEO.ItwasayeaｒbeforｅshebeｃamｅhｅadoｆａｔinｙInterｎeｔ-ｂaｓeｄcommoｄitieseｘcｈange．RｏbertWillumstaｄlｅftCiｔｉgroｕpin２0２3withaｍbitionstobeaCEＯ.Ｈefinallytookthatpostatａmajｏrfinａncｉａｌｉnstitｕtionｔhreeｙearslａtｅr．Manyreｃruiteｒssaytheolｄdiｓgraｃeisfaｄｉｎgforｔopｐeｒformers.Thｅｆinancialcrｉsishａsmadeitmoreａcceｐtａbleｔｏbeｂetweenjobsortolｅａｖeabadone.“Tｈetｒａditionａlｒulewaｓit’sｓaｆertosｔaｙｗhｅｒｅyｏuare，butthaｔ’sbeenfunｄaｍentaｌlｙiｎverteｄ,”ｓaysoneｈeaｄhunｔeｒ.“Thｅｐｅopleｗhｏ’veｂeenhurtthewｏrstarethosewho’vestaｙｅｄtoolｏnｇ.”26.WhｅnMｃＧeeａnnｏunｃedhiｓdeｐａｒｔure,hismａnｎｅrcanｂestbedｅｓcrｉbｅdaｓbｅiｎgA]arrogant．B］fraｎk.C]self-ｃenterｅd.D］ｉmpulsｉve.27.AccorｄinｇtoPａrａgraｐh２,seniorexｅｃｕｔｉvｅs’quittｉngmaｙbespurreｄbyＡ］tｈeirexpｅｃtatioｎoｆbｅtterfinancialｓtａtuｓ.Ｂ]tｈeｉｒｎeedtｏrefleｃtontheirprivaｔelｉfe.C]tｈeirstraiｎｅdrelationｓwiｔhｔhｅbｏarｄs．D]thｅiｒpｕrsｕiｔｏfｎewcareergoals.２８.Thewoｒd“poａcｈed”（Ｌiｎe3，Paraｇrａph4)mｏｓtｐrｏbaｂlｙmeanｓA]apｐroveｄｏｆ.B]aｔteｎdedｔo.C]hｕｎteｄfｏｒ.D]gｕardeｄaｇainst．29.ItcanｂeinfｅｒrｅｄｆroｍｔhelastｐａraｇraphthaｔA]toppｅrforｍerｓuｓedtoclingtoｔhｅirpｏsｔs.Ｂ]loyaltｙｏftoppｅrfｏｒｍersisgettiｎgoｕt-dａted．C]topｐerfｏrｍｅrsｃaremoｒeabouｔｒeputaｔｉｏnｓ.D]iｔ’sｓafｅrtｏstiｃktｏtｈetｒadｉtiｏｎalrules．３0．Whｉchoftｈeｆollowinｇｉsthｅbesttiｔleｆｏrthetext？A]CEOs:ＷｈeretoGo？Ｂ]CＥOs:AlｌｔheWayＵｐ?Ｃ]ＴｏpMaｎagersJｕmpwｉthoutaNetD］TheOｎlyＷayＯｕtｆｏrTopPerformｅｒsText3Theroughguidetomarkｅtinｇｓuccessuｓeｄtoｂｅthaｔｙｏugotwhatyouｐaiｄｆoｒ.Ｎolonger.Wｈiｌetｒaditｉoｎal“paid”media–suchasteｌｅvisionｃommeｒｃiａlsａndprintａdveｒtｉsemeｎtｓ–stillplａyａmajｏrrole,ｃompanieｓtodaycａnexｐloiｔmanyaltｅrnatiｖｅfoｒｍsofmｅdｉa.Coｎｓｕmerspaｓsioｎaｔdｕｃｔmaｙｃreatｅ“owned”ｍｅdiａbysenｄinge－maiｌalertsａbｏuｔprｏdｕcｔｓanｄsaｌesｔocｕstomersｒｅgistｅredwithitsWebsｉｔe.Thｅｗaycｏnsｕmerｓnowaｐpｒoaｃhtｈeｂｒoadrａｎgｅｏｆfaｃtorｓbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Pａiｄａｎdoｗnedmｅdiａarｅcontrolledｂymarｋｅterspromotｉnｇｔheirownproduｃts.Foreaｒnedｍedｉa,suchmarkｅteｒsａｃtａｓthｅinｉtiａtorforusｅrs’respｏnses.Butinsomecaｓｅs,onemarkeｔer’sowｎｅdmeｄiaｂecomｅａnothｅrｍarketer’sｐａidmedia–foriｎｓtance,wheｎane-coｍmeｒceretaｉlｅrｓellsａｄｓpaceoｎｉtｓWebsite.Wｅdefineｓuchｓoldmｅdiａaｓowｎedmediaｗhoseｔraｆficissostrongthatanizatｉｏnsplaｃetheirconｔeｎtorｅ-coｍmerceenｇｉｎeswｉthinthａtenviroｎmenｔ.Thistｒend,whiｃhｗｅbｅlieveiｓstillｉｎitsｉnfancｙ,eｆfectiｖelybeganwithretailｅrｓaｎｄtraveｌｐrovideｒsｓｕchaｓaｉrliｎesaｎｄｈotｅlsandwｉllnodouｂtgofurtｈer.Johnｓon&Johnson,forｅxａmｐle,hａscrｅatedＢａｂyCｅntｅr，ａsｔanｄ－aｌoneｍediaproｐertytｈaｔpromotesｃomplemeｎtaryaｎｄevencｏmpeｔiｔivepｒoducｔs．Bｅsidｅsgenｅｒatingiｎcｏme,tｈeprｅseｎceｏfoｔhermarketｅｒｓｍakestｈesiｔｅseemobjeｃtiｖe,givｅsｃompanｉesopｐoｒtｕnｉtiｅstolｅａｒnvaｌuａbｌeinformatｉｏnaboｕｔｔｈeappealofｏthercompaｎｉeｓ’ｍａrkｅｔiｎｇ，andｍayhelpexpandｕseｒｔraffｉcforａｌlｃoｍpanｉｅsconceｒｎｅd.Tｈesameｄｒamａtiｃtechnolｏgｉcａlcｈangesｔhatｈaveｐｒoｖidｅｄｍarkｅterｓwiｔhmoｒe(aｎｄmoｒeｄｉverｓe)cｏmmuｎicationschoiｃｅshaｖeaｌsoinｃreasｅdtheriskthatｐａsｓｉｏnateconsumerswillvoiceｔｈeirｏpｉnionｓiｎquickｅｒ,moｒevisｉble,andmｕｃhmｏredamagｉngways.Sｕchhｉｊaｃkｅｄmed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ｈeｆollowｉｎgparagrａpｈａｒegiveninawｒｏngｏｒdｅr.FoｒＱuｅstioｎs41-4５,yｏuareｒeｑuiredtoreorｇanizeｔheｓeｐarａgｒａｐhｓiｎｔoaｃoheｒenｔtextbychoosingｆｒomtｈelisｔA-Gｔｏｆilｌiｎｇthemintothｅｎumberedbｏxes.ＰａragrａpｈsEaｎdGhaｖebeencｏrreｃtｌyplacｅｄ.MaｒkｙｏuraｎsｗersoｎＡNSＷEＲＳHEET1.(10poｉnts）A]Nodiｓcipliｎｅsｈaveｓeizedonprofｅssiｏｎaｌismwithasmuｃhentｈｕｓiasmａsthehｕｍａnitｉes.Ｙoucaｎ,ＭrＭｅnandpoｉnｔsouｔ,ｂecameaｌawyerinｔhｒｅeｙearsandamediｃａldoctorinｆour．Buｔthｅｒegulartｉmeiｔtaｋestｏgｅtadoctoraldeｇreeinｔｈｅhuｍaｎｉｔｉesｉsｎiｎｅyears.Notsurprisinｇly,ｕptｏhalｆofalｌdoctｏrａlstuｄｅnｔsinＥnglｉshdｒoｐouｔbefoｒegｅttingｔｈeirdｅgrees.B]Hisｃoncernｉsｍainlｙｗｉtｈthehumanities：Ｌｉteraｔure,lａnｇuagｅｓ,philosｏphyandsｏon．Ｔhｅseａredｉsciｐlｉneｓｔhataｒegoingoutｏfsｔyle:22%ofAmeriｃancoｌlegegraduatesｎoｗmaｊｏｒinｂusinesscomｐaｒedｗithｏnly2％inhｉstｏryaｎd4%inEnｇlish．Howevｅｒ,mａnｙleadｉnｇAmｅｒicanunivｅrsｉtieswａｎttheiｒundergraduatｅstohaｖeagroundingｉnthｅbasiｃcａnonｏfiｄｅasｔｈatｅvｅryｅducateｄpersoｎｓhoｕldｐoｓseｓ.Butｍostfinditdiffｉcuｌttoagreeoｎｗｈatａ“ｇenerａleducatioｎ”shouldｌoｏklikｅ.ＡtHａrvaｒｄ,MrMenaｎdｎｏteｓ,“thｅgreatboｏkｓarereadbecａusetheｙhaveｂｅeｎread”-theyｆormasortoｆsociａｌgluｅ.C]Equallyuｎsurprisｉnｇly,ｏｎｌｙaboutｈａlfenduｐwitｈpｒofessｏrshipsforwhicｈｔheｙｅｎteredgrａｄｕaｔeschool.Thereaｒesiｍplytoofewｐｏsts．ThｉsｉspartlybecauｓeｕｎiversitieｓcoｎtinuｅtoprｏduｃeevｅｒｍｏｒeＰhDｓ.Bｕtfeｗersｔｕdｅntswantｔostｕdｙhuｍａniｔieｓｓｕｂjｅcts:Enｇliｓhdepartmentsawardeｄmorebacｈeｌor’ｓｄegreesin1９70-71thaｎthｅyｄｉｄ20ｙearｓｌaｔer．Fｅwｅrstuｄeｎｔsrequｉreｓfeweｒｔeaｃhｅrｓ.So，ａtｔhｅｅnｄｏfadeｃaｄｅoｆtheses-wｒiｔinｇ,manyｈumanitｉeｓstuｄenｔslｅaveｔｈeprｏfessiｏntｏdｏsoｍethingforｗhiｃhtｈeyhａｖｅnｏtbeenｔrained.Ｄ]OnereasonwhyiｔisｈardtodesｉgnaｎｄtｅachｓuｃhcourｓesｉsthattheｙｃａｎｃutaｃroｓstｈeinsistencｅbytopAｍｅｒiｃａｎuniｖeｒsiｔiｅｓｔｈatlibeｒal－aｒtsｅdｕcａtionsandｐrofesｓionaleｄuｃatioｎshoulｄbｅkepｔseｐarａte,taughtｉnｄｉｆｆerentｓｃhools.Ｍanyｓtｕdentsexpeｒｉencebothvarｉeties.AlthoughmｏrethanｈａlfoｆＨarvaｒdundergrａdｕatesendupinlａw，mediｃiｎｅｏrｂusiness,fｕturedoctｏrｓandｌaｗｙersｍuｓｔstudyａnoｎ-ｓpｅciａlistliberal-aｒtｓdegrｅｅbeforeeｍｂarkｉｎgｏnaprofeｓｓｉoｎalqualｉficａtion.E］Besｉdespｒoｆessionalｉziｎｇthepｒofｅssionsbythisｓeｐａrａtiｏn,topAｍｅricanunｉｖersｉtｉeshaveprofesｓiｏnalisｅdthepｒofesｓor.Tｈｅｇrowthiｎｐubｌiｃmoneｙforａｃaｄeｍicresearchhaｓspｅｅdｅｄcｅss:fｅderalresearchｇraｎtsrosｅfoｕrfolｄbetween19６0and1990,butfaｃultyteachingｈouｒsfｅｌlｂｙｈalｆａsresearｃｈtookitsｔoll.Ｐroｆessionalismhasｔuｒnedｔheaｃquisitionｏfａdoctoｒａldegreeintoaｐrerｅquisitｅforasuccessfulacadｅmｉccareｅr:ａslaｔeａｓ196９ａthiｒdｏｆAmericanprofessoｒｓｄｉdnoｔｐossessoｎe.Ｂuttheｋeyideabehｉｆessiｏnalisａtioｎ，ａrgｕesMrMeｎａnd,ｉsthat“tｈekｎowｌedgｅaｎdｓkｉlｌsｎeeｄｅｄforａpaｒticｕｌarｓpeciａlizａtionaｒetransmissiblebｕtnoｔtｒanｓferaｂle.”Soｄiscｉｐlinｅｓaｃquirｅamonopｏlynｏtjustoｖｅｒtheprｏductionofknｏwledge,buｔalｓooveｒthｅｐrｏｄｕｃtｉonoｆtheprodｕcersofkｎｏwｌｅdｇe.Ｆ］Thekeｙtoreforminghigｈeｒeｄｕcation,conclｕdesMｒMeｎanｄ,isｔoaltertｈewayinwｈich“tｈeprｏdｕｃersoｆknｏｗledgｅareｐｒoｄucｅd.”Ｏthｅｒwise,acadeｍiｃsｗilｌcｏｎtinuetotｈinkdanｇｅｒｏｕsｌyaｌｉｋe,iｎcreasiｎglydｅｔachｅdｆｒｏmtｈesｏcietiｅsｗｈicｈｔhｅyｓtudy,investｉgａteanｄcｒｉticize.”Acadｅmｉcinｑｕｉrｙ，atleaｓtinsomefieｌds,maｙｎeｅdtoｂecomeｌessｅｘclusionaｒyandｍｏreｈolistｉc.”Yetquitｅhowｔhaｔhａppeｎｓ,MrMｅｎanddosenoｔsay.G]ThesuｂtleandinｔeｌligｅntlitｔleｂookTheＭarkeｔｐlacｅｏfIdeas:RｅｆormandResistancｅｉnthｅAｍericanUｎiverｓitｙshoｕｌｄberｅaｄbｙeveｒｙstudenｔtｈiｎkinｇoｆappｌyingtotakeadoctoraldeｇreｅ．Theｙmayｔheｎdecｉdeｔｏgoelｓewhｅｒe．ＦorsometｈingcuｒiousｈasbeeｎｈappｅnｉnｇinAｍericaｎＵｎｉvｅrｓitｉes，andＬouisＭｅnanｄ,aｐrofessorofEngliｓhatHaｒvardUnｉversｉty,captｕredｉtskiｌlfulｌy.Ｇ→41.→42．→Ｅ→43.→44.→45.ＰartCＤｉrectiｏｎs:ＲeａdthefolloｗｉｎgtextcaｒefｕlｌｙandthｅntraｎslateｔhｅuｎderlinedsｅgmenｔsiｎｔoChinese.YｏuｒtranslatiｏｎshoｕldｂeｗrｉttencareｆｕllyonANSWERSHEET2.（10pｏinｔs)Witｈitstｈeｍｅthat“Minｄｉstheｍastｅrweaver，”cｒｅaｔiｎｇourinnercｈａraｃterandｏuterｃiｒｃuｍｓtａｎcｅｓ,thｅbｏoｋAsａManThinkｉngbyJamesＡlｌenisanin-ｄｅpｔｈexｐｌorationoftheｃｅｎｔralidｅaofself-hｅｌpwｒiting.(46)Allen’scontｒｉbｕｔiｏｎwaｓtotakｅanasｓumｐtｉonwｅaｌlshaｒe－thaｔbecauseweaｒｅnoｔｒobotswetherefｏreｃontroloｕrtｈｏughts－aｎdreveaｌiｔserroneouｓnatｕre.Becausemｏstofuｓbeｌｉｅｖeｔhａtｍindisseparatefrommatteｒ,wetｈｉnktｈatthougｈtscaｎbｅｈｉｄdenａｎdｍaｄｅpoｗeｒless;thisaｌlowsustｏｔｈｉnｋonewayanｄactaｎother.Hｏweｖｅr,Allenbｅlieｖedthaｔthｅｕncoｎｓcioｕsｍｉｎdgeneratesａｓｍucｈactｉonaｓthecｏnsciousmｉnｄ,and(47)ｗhilｅwemayｂeabletoｓustaintheillusioｎｏｆcoｎtroltｈrｏｕｇｈtheｃoｎsciousmindalone,inreａlitｙweaｒecoｎtinuallｙfａcedwｉthａquesｔioｎ:“WhｙcａnnotImakeｍｙselｆｄothisoｒａchieveｔhaｔ？”Sincｅdesireaｎdｗillaredamagedbytheprｅsenceoftｈoughtstｈatｄｏｎotacｃordｗitｈdeｓirｅ，Allｅｎcoｎｃlｕｄed：“Ｗedonotattｒaｃtwｈatweｗanｔ，bｕtwhatｗeare.”Achｉｅvemenｔｈａppｅnsbeｃａuseyouａｓaｐersｏnembodｙｔheeｘterｎalachieｖｅmeｎt；yoｕdon’t“get”ｓuｃcesｓbutbecｏｍｅit.Tｈereｉsｎｏgａpbetｗeenminｄandmａｔter．\PaｒtofｔhefaｍｅofAｌlｅn’sｂooｋisitｓcoｎtｅnｔionｔhａt“Cｉrcuｍｓtancesｄonotmａｋeaｐerson,theyｒeｖｅaｌhim.”(48）Ｔhissｅｅmｓajｕsｔｉficationfornｅgｌeｃtｏfｔhoseinneed,anｄaratiｏnalｉzａtiｏnoｆexploitatｉｏｎ,ｏfｔhesｕpｅrioｒitｙｏftｈｏｓeattheｔｏpandtheiｎｆeｒioritｙoｆｔhoseatthebottom.Ｔhiｓ,howeveｒ,woｕldbeaｋｎｅe－jerkreａctｉoｎｔｏaｓubtlｅargumenｔ．Eａchｓｅtｏfcｉrｃumstaｎces，ｈowｅveｒｂad,oｆfersauniqｕeopportunｉtyｆorgｒｏwth.Ｉｆciｒｃuｍsｔａncesａlwaｙsdeterｍinedｔｈelifｅandprｏsｐectsofpeｏpｌｅ,thｅnhumanityｗouldneｖerhａｖｅpｒogressed.Infat，(49)circumｓtanｃessｅeｍｔobedeｓignedtobriｎｇouｔtｈebｅstinusanｄｉfweｆｅeltｈaｔwehａvｅbeen“wrongｅd”ｔheｎweａreunlikelytobｅｇinａｃｏnｓciousefforｔtoeｓｃapefromourｓituａｔion.Neverthelesｓ,ａsａnｙbiｏgrapherkｎｏwｓ，aｐｅｒsoｎ’seaｒlylifeaｎdｉtscoｎditｉoｎｓarｅofteｎｔhegrｅatｅsｔgiｆttoanｉnｄividｕal.ＴhesoberinｇaspectofAlｌen’sboｏkｉsthａｔwehaｖenoｏｎｅeｌｓeｔoｂlamefｏrｏurpreｓenｔcｏnditionｅｘceptｏursｅｌvｅs.(50）Tｈeupｓideｉｓthｅpoｓsiｂiliｔｉｅscｏntaiｎｅdiｎkｎowiｎgtｈａtevｅrｙtｈｉnｇｉsuptｏuｓ;wherebeforewewｅreexｐｅrtsinthearrayｏｆｌimｉｔationｓ,nowｗebecomeautｈoritiesoｆｗhatispｏssible．SｅｃtioｎⅢＷritingPａrtＡ５1.Ｄｉｒectｉoｎｓ:Wｒiｔealetｔｅrtoafriendｏfyoｕrｓtｏ１)reｃommeｎdoｎeoｆyourfavｏriｔemoｖiｅｓand2）giｖereaｓoｎsｆoryourｒecoｍｍｅｎdatｉonYｏurｓhouｌｄwｒｉteabｏut1０0ｗordsonANSWERSＨＥET２Donｏtsｉｇｎｙouｒoｗnnaｍｅａttheendoｆtheleｔer.User“ＬIMＩNG”instｅad．Donotｗｒiteｒthｅaddreｓs.(１０points）PａrtB５2.Dｉｒections:Ｗriｔeanｅsｓａｙoｆ１60---200worｄsbaｓedontｈefoｌloｗiｎgdｒａwｉng.Ｉnｙoｕressａy,ｙｏusｈould1)dｅscribｅtｈedraｗｉｎｇbｒieｆly,2)explainit’ｓｉntendedmeaning,and３)ｇiｖeｙourｃommenｔs．YourｓhouldｗriteneatlｙonAＮSWＥRSHEET2.(20pointｓ）2０２3年考研英语一真题参照答案客观题SｅctiｏnIUseofEｎgliｓｈＣDＢBＡＢADCAＢCDCBDAＤACSecｔｉｏnIIＲｅadiｎgCｏｍprｅhensioｎPａｒtADBDBABDＣAＣDＣBAACCDDBParｔＢ41.Ｂ42.D４3.Ａ４４.C45.F翻译题：４6、艾