人教版八年级英语下册现在完成时态讲解和练习

现在完成时态讲解和练习一、结构现在完成时态由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成陈述句Ihavelostmypen.否定句Ihaven’t（havenot）lostmypen.一般疑问句Haveyoulostyourpen?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.特殊疑问句Ihavelostmypen.(提问)Whathaveyoulost?选择疑问句Haveyoulostyourpenorpencil?过去分词变化：(1)与过去式一样：直去双改(2)不规则：AAAABBABAABCAABbuy-bought-boughtmake-made-maderead-read-readwrite-wrote-writtenbeat-beat-beatenbecome-became-become二、基本用法：（一）表示过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。如：（1）Hehascome他来了（他现在在这儿）（2）Hehasturnedonthelight他已经把灯打开了（房间是亮的）Shehaslearnedtoskate她学过滑冰（她现在会滑冰）（4）HehasbeentoArmenia他去过美国（他现在不在那里，但知道那里的情况）考点探究：1、对这种用法的考查，主要考查学生对现在完成时态的判断。这种用法强调过去动作对现在造成的影响，因此，在题干中常用一般现在时态或一般将来时态的句子来说明这种影响或结果。（口诀：前后两句呈因果，必用现在完成时）如：（1）I___________(spend)allthemoney,soIhavetowalkhome.答案为havespent.花光钱是过去的动作，但对现在造成了影响，“我现在必须得步行回家”。（2）—Willyougotoseethemovie,KingKongthisevening?—No,Iwon’t,I___________it.(see)答案为haveseen。正是由于“我看过了的”，所对对现在的影响是“我今晚不去看”。2、常用的时间状语：just刚刚,already已经（只用于肯定句助后实前）,yet还、仍然（用于疑问句和否定句句末）,never从来没有,ever曾经,before以前,once一次,twice两次,manytimes许多次,sofar迄今为止,in(during)thepast(last)fewyears最近几年来等等（二）现在完成时态表示过去开始的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在或将来，常接for或since短语表示时间段或sofar,inthelastfewyears,allday等时间短语。考点探究：1、对for和since的考查。for接时间数量，since后接过去时间点或一般过去时态的从句。如：(1)Ihavebeenhereforthreeyears.(2)Ihavebeenheresincethreeyearsago.(3)IhavebeenheresinceIcameherethreeyearsago.2、这种用法强调过去开始的动作延续到现在，因此就要求谓语动作是可延续性动词。在考查中就较为注重非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换。如：（1）Icameherethreeyearsago→Ihavebeenhereforthreeyears.（2）Shelefthometwoweeksago→Shehasbeenawayfromhomefortwoweeks.注意：非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换有以下几种情况：1）转换成“be+介词短语”结构come→bein/atcomeback→bebackjoin→bein/beamemberofbegin/start→beongetup→beup2)转换成“be+形容词”结构die→bedeadleave→beaway(from)getmarried→bemarriedfinish→beoverfallasleep→beasleepclose→beclosedopen→beopenfallill→beill3)转换成相应的可延续性的动词buy→haveborrow→keepputon→wearcatch(get)acold→haveacoldbecome——be三、重点句型：Itis\hasbeen+时间数量+since+从句（一般过去时态）如：It’stwoyearssincehedied.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsago.Hediedtwoyearsago.四、have/hasbeento与have/hasgoneto的比较。1、have/hasbeento“去过某地”，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。如Once,twice等2、have/hasgoneto“去了某地”，表示已经去了或在途中，还没有返回。五、一般过去时态与现在完成时态的比较。一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。注意：一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,justnow,etc.Isawthisfilmyesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.我看过这部电影了。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）六、巩固练习将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词1)Hehasbecomeadoctor.→Hehas ________ adoctorfor2years.2)Hehasjoinedtheparty.→Hehas ________________ thepartyfor3hours.3)Theshopopened3yearsago.→Theshop since3yearsago.4)Ihaveborrowedthebook.→Ihave___thebookfor2weeks.5)Shehasboughtthepen.→Shehas____thepenforoneyear.6)Shehasdied.→Shefor3years.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I________already________(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2.--_________he________(finish)hisworktoday?

--Notyet.3.Myfather________just_________(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.--Where’sLiMing?--He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI__________(move)herein1999.6.SofarI____________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.--Howlong________theWangs___________(stay)here?

--Fortwoweeks.8.I________just________(finish)myhomework.9.He___________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.________you_________(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit_________(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents_________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.

13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother___________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen.__________you___________(see)itanywhere?用since和for填空

1.HehaslivedinNanjing_______theyearbeforelast.

2.I’veknownhim___________wewerechildren.

3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese___________threeyears.

4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.

5.It’sabouttenyears____________sheleftthecity.

用“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”填空。1.Ihave___________seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.

2.Jackhas____________finishedhishomework.

3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool____________tenyears.

4.-Haveyou______________seenthefilm?-No,Ihave____________seenit.5.-Hasthebusleft_____________?-Yes,ithas___________left.用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisTom?He_______________hiscountry.2)Lucy______________theparkjustnow.3)John_____________Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong___________they____________thisvillage?5)TheSmiths________________Beijingforyears.6)________youever________America?--Yes,I__________________theremanytimes.7)I_______________thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He__________________thefarm.9)____________theyoften_____________skatinginwinter?10)Wouldyouliketo_____________tothezoowithme?---Yes,butI____________________therebefore.单项选择()1.Myfather_______onbusinessfortwoweeks.He’llreturnin3days.A.leftB.hasleftC.hasgoneD.hasbeenaway()2.—Theysaythere’sanewrestaurantnearby.—Yes,andit______fornomorethanaweek.A.hasbeenopenB.opensC.isopeningD.isopened()3.—Excuseme,lookatthesignNOPHOTOS!—Sorry,I_______it.A.don’tseeB.didn’tseeC.haven’tseenD.won’tsee()4.Theoldmanhaslivedinthatsmallhouse_________.twentyyearsagoB.sincetwentyyearsC.twentyyearsagoD.fortwentyyearsago()5.Jimhasmademanyfriendssincehe____________toChina.A.cameB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome()6.They____________alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.A.spendB.spentC.havespentD.willspend()7.Myauntisn’there.She______Shanghaionbusiness.Shewillbebackinthreedays.wentB.hasgonetoC.hasbeentoD.willgoto()8.JackhasneverbeentoDisneylandbefore,buthe_____therethissummer.A.hasbeenB.isgoingC.wentD.goes()9.—I’msorry,John.I__yourdictionaryforsuchalongtime.—Nevermind.Youcanstill_italittlelongerifyoulike.A.haveborrowed;keepB.havelent;keptC.havekept;keepD.havereturned;kept()10.—Whyareyousolate?Thetrainhas_____fortenminutes.—Sorry.Iforgotthetime.A.leftB.beenawayC.beenleft()11.--WhereisMike,doyouknow?--He's______thehistorymuseumwithhisfamily.A.goingtoB.gonetoC.beentoD.wentto()12.--_______thetwins______theirhouseworkyet?--Yes.They______itfiveminutesago.A.Have,done,finishedB.Have,done,havefinishedC.Did,do,finishedD.Have,do,finished()13.ThebookAliceInWonderlandisveryinteresting.I____ittwicealready.A.readB.havereadC.amreadingD.willread()14.-No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming()15.Hisgrandmafortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendead()16.Judy________thistoybearin2017.She________itforthreeyears.,hashad,hasboughtbought,hashadbought,had()17.—Sam,whendidyourmother______yourfather?—In2012,nowthey______for10years.marryto;gotmarriedB.getmarriedto;havegotmarriedC.marrywith;havegotmarriedD.marry;havebeenmarried()18.—Yournewbikeissonice!Whendidyoubuyit?

—InJuly.I_____itfortwoweeks.

B.havehad

C.havebought

D.bought()19.Itistwelve.They____lunch. A.have B.arehaving C.had D.has()20.We'llgotoplaywithsnowifittomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.willsnow D.snowed()21.He________inthreedays.

A.comingback

B.cameback

C.willcomeback

D.isgoingtocomingback()22.Theboy

offthehorsetwominuteago.A.fall

B.falls

C.fell

D.felt()23.Thesun___intheeastand___inthewest.A.raise;set

B.rise