英语考前速记清单68条语法要点

英语考前速记清单68条语法要点1．建议advice

建议，忠告（不可数）;

suggestion建议（可数）________usefuladviceyougaveme!

(What)________valuablesuggestionyouhaveofferedme!(Whata)2.room/space/place:room“房间”（可数）;“空间”（不可数）Couldyoumakesomeroom

forme?

你能为我让一下空间吗？space“太空;空间”（不可数）

in

space在宇宙太空

Isthereanyspace

formeinthecar?

车里有给我留的空间吗？(此处和room的含义相当)

place“地方”（可数），指某一具体地点。

I

wanttoliveinaplace

whichiswarminwinter.

我想住在冬季温暖的一个地方。

Itisawonderfulplace

togo(to).3.

news/

information/

messagenews新闻，消息（不可数）;

information信息（不可数）;message音信，口信（可数）：CanItakeamessageforyou?MayIleaveamessage?4.job/work

job,可数：Ihaveajobasateacher.

work,不可数：I

cannotfindworkinthistown.

5.声音voice/

noise/

sound

voice指人的声音或嗓音;

noise指难听刺耳的噪音，吵闹声;

sound指声音的总称。6.数量

number/

amount

number指可数名词的数量;

amount指不可数名词的数量7.the/a

numberofthenumberof“…的数量”；

anumberof:

“许多的”,都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。Thenumberof

thetrees______

twothousand.

（用单数谓语is.另注意trees前有限定词）

A

numberof

trees________

beencutdown.

（用复数谓语have.另注意trees前无限定词）8.

other;elseother修饰名词，放于名词前。else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，放在后面。Whatelse

canyouseeinthepicture?

Doyouhaveanythingelse

tosay?

Whereelse

canyouseeit?Jimistallerthanany_____boyinhisclass.(other)9.well/goodwell:1)adj指身体健康状况好：Youlookwelltoday.2)adv修饰动词或形容词:sellwell畅销，dowellin;bewellworthdoing很值得做

good：adj.修饰人或物begoodat;smellgood

Theclotheslook_______andtheysell_______onthemarket.(good;well)10.

already/yetalready用于肯定句;yet用于否定句和疑问句11.also;too;aswell;either“也”：either,用于否定句的末尾。also,通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。too,通常在句尾，前常有逗号。aswell,只用于句尾,前无逗号。

注意：后三个词都不用于否定句。12.before;agoago“…时间前”结构：时间段+ago,用于一般过去时。TheGreensmoved

toShanghaifourweeksago.

I

saw

ittenminutesago.

(若有since+时间段+ago，常用现在完成时：Mr.Lihasworkedheresince5yearsago.)

before单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前”IhavebeentoLondonbefore.

(若是时间段+before,常用过去完成时，“…前”：Ihadseenthefilmtwoweeksbefore.)

13.almost;nearly;hardlyalmost几乎，差不多，后接肯定或否定词；nearly几乎，差不多，后接肯定意义的词。hardly几乎不，表否定。

14.toomuch,toomany与muchtoo:

muchtoo“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。muchtoohot/slowly等。

toomuch“太多的”，加不可数名词。toomuchwork/rain等。

toomany“太多的”，加可数复数。toomanybooks/people等。15.abit/alittle区别：都可作副词，后直接加形容词或副词。

I’mabit/alittle

hungry.

Shefeelsabit/alittle

tired.

也都可作代词（或形容词），后接不可数名词，但有所不同：Sheatealittle

breadandwentout.

(alittle直接加不可数名词)

Sheateabitofbread.（abit先加of，再跟名词）16.

everyday与everyday:

everyday是形容词，后接名词，“日常的”。Heispracticingeveryday

English.

everyday是副词，作时间状语，“每天”。WespeakEnglish

everyday.17．wish;hope①

wish既可接todosth.

也可接sb+todosth.

也可接that从句.I

wishtospend

mysummerholidayinQingdao.

I

wishyou

tojoin

mypartythisSunday.Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.（注：接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气。）wish还用来接祝愿语：wishsbagreatsuccess;wishyouahappyjourney;wishyougoodluck等。②

hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.I

hopetoreceive

aletterfromyousomeday.

I

hopeyouwillgetwellsoon.18.spend;take;cost;pay①It+take+sb+sometime+todosth：

Ittookus

halfanhour

tocut

downthetree.②物+cost+sb+钱：

Thebagcostme

thirtyyuan.

若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是”：

Thebagcosts30Yuan.③人+pay+sb+钱+forsth：

Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike.④人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.

Thegirlspenttwohours

(in)searching

theInternet.

Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoney

on

herclothes.

spend有时可指“度过”：spendholiday/weekends/winter19.puton;wear;dress；in①puton,“穿上”后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。Youshouldputon

yourcoat

whenyouleave.②wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。Healwayswears

theyellowsweater

inwinter.

③dress,“给…穿衣”后接人。Lucyisdressing

herlittlebrother

now.bedressedin后常接具有某种特征的衣物。也可直接加表示颜色的词。Theladyisdressedin

awhiteskirt.

Thestudentsare

alldressedin

yellow.getdressed“穿好衣服”，常不接宾语:

Hewentoutassoonashegotdressed.dressup(as)...“装扮（成）”Hedressedup

asaclown.

他装扮成小丑。④in,“穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词，不可作谓语，可作状语。也可以直接加表示颜色的词。

Thewomaninawhiteskirt

ismyteacher.

I

wanttotalktotheboyinblack.

(我想找那个穿着黑衣服的男孩谈谈。)20.reach;arrive;get到达：①getto+地点

gettoShanghai/London/China

接地点副词时，不带to.

getthere/home/here.②arrivein+大地点(如Beijing/Zhengzhou)，arriveat+小地点(如school/hospital)arrive只作不及物动词，所以也可单独用：Pleaseringmeupwhenyouarrive.③reach只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reachBeijing/England

但常不说reachhome/there/here.21.

talk,tell,say,speak:

①talk只作不及物动词。Don’ttalk

inclass.

Shallwetalkabout

ourEnglish

study?Heistalkingwith

histeacher.

MayI

talkto

you?(注意talk接人和接物时介词搭配不同：talkwith/tosb;

talkaboutsth)②tell只作及物动词,“告诉；讲”。常接双宾结构（tellsbsth.）,常用短语有：tellalie;tellthetruth;tellthedifferencebetween;tellsbastory;tellajoke③say必须接有内容，或逻辑上有内容作宾语。

见以下划线部分）Pleasesayit

inEnglish.

Howdoyousay

that

inEnglish?

Pleaseshowmewhat

tosay..Doyouhaveanything

tosay?

I

mustsaysorryto

you.④speak●“说话”不及物动词。●接人时先加介词to.

MayI

speakto

Mr.Smith?

●也可译为“说”，作及物动词，后接语言。DoyouspeakEnglish/Chinese?22.win与beat区别：都有“赢”的意思。win后加物：而beat后加的是人，也可译为“打败”：I’mafraidtheywillbeat

us.23.leave;forget①leave可指“离开”

leave

ZhengzhouforWuhan离开郑州到武汉②leave留下；忘记

I

left

mybookathome.

leave后接地点，而forget后无地点。如：Sorry,I

forgotthemoney.24.

take,bring,fetch与carry:

都译为“拿”。◆take“拿走”，从说话人处带到另一处。Couldyoutaketherubbishoutwhenyouleave?◆bring“带来”，从另一处带到说话人处。Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworkheretomorrow.◆get“去拿来”，先到另一地拿东西，然后再返回到说话人处。

如：Whenyougobacktotheclassroom,pleasegetmemypen.◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，没有特定方向。Timiscarryingabox.25.receive;acceptreceive指收到，但不一定接受；accept指接受，收下I________agiftfromoneofmyfriends,butIdon’twantto_________it.(receive;accept)26.put短语puton(穿上)

putoff(推迟)

putaway(把…整理好)

putup(举起，搭起，挂起，张贴)

putdown(放下)

putout(扑灭);27.turn短语turnon

打开

turnoff

关闭

turnup

调大

turndown

关小

turnout

结果是turntosb

向某人求助28.give

短语giveaway

赠送

giveout

发放giveup

放弃giveback

归还givein

屈服，让步29.take短语takeoff

脱下，起飞takeaway

拿走takeout

拿出

takein

吸收

takeup

从事30.look短语

lookup

查找

lookover

仔细查看lookafter

照看lookout

当心lookthrough

浏览31.used短语usedtodosth过去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用来做某事32．keep,make,get,have用法：①keep+sb/sthdoing

sth“让…一直做…”

I’msorryforkeepingyouwaiting

solong.

(区别：keep+doingsth“坚持做某事，一直做某事”)②make+sb/sthdosth让…做某事(接动原）

I’lltrytomakeyouunderstand

whatI

mean.

make若用于被动语态，原有后接动词原形要改为带to不定式：Imade

himwaitforlong.

→Hewasmade

towaitforlong.③get+sb/sthtodosth.让…做某事。HegotPetertobuy

himapen.④have+宾语+动词原形

/ing/过去分词Havehimdo

it,please.让他做它吧。（him和do逻辑上形成主谓关系，do用原形。）Wehadthemachineworking.我们让机器一直工作着。（让某物一直在进行着某事。）Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们让人修理了那台机器（让机器被修理了，表被动。）⑤也都可接形容词：keepsafe/busy,

keepthedoorclosed/open,makeushappy,

getthedoorclosed,

haveeverythingready.

33.in/after+一段时间in+一段时间，用于将来时，用howsoon提问。after+一段时间，用于过去时34.through

/past/across区别:

都可作介词，“穿过”，前常有位移动词(以下黑体部分)。Heclimbed

through

thewindowandsawwhathecouldtakeaway.

（从内部穿过）Hewent

past

mewithoutsayinganywords.

（从旁边经过）

Heswam

across

theriver.

（从表面经过）【through,内部;past,旁边;across,表面】

位移动词

+past相当于动词pass;位移动词

+across相当于动词cross.35.

since/for+时间since+过去某时间（点）for+一段时间（段），常用于完成时，强调动作的延续性，用howlong提问。36.

infrontof/

inthefrontofinfrontof在物体外部的前面;inthefrontof在物体内部的前面37.

乘交通工具之表达:①by

bike/car/sea(ship)/air(plane)

(前无冠词，且不用复数)②on

ahorseback/hisbike/theplane/aship

(有冠词或限定词)③in

his/acar

(car前用in)

④on

foot

⑤动词短语:rideabike/ahorse;

driveacar;

walk;

takeaplane/taxi/bus;

fly等。38.常见带介词to的短语：prefer…to…(与相比较更喜欢)；

lookforwardto…(期待；渴望)；

payattentionto…(注意)；

be\getusedto…(习惯于)；devote…to…(致力于)

putone’seffortinto…把某人的精力投身到……makegreatcontributionto对……做出贡献(以上短语可接名词或代词，若接动词，需用ing形式)

thekeyto…(…的钥匙),

theanswerto（…的答案)；

replyto(….的答复)；leadto…(引起…);

theclueto（的线索）;

thewitnessto（的证人）39．连词if/whetherif如果(引导条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时)/是否(引导宾语从句，根据时间确定时态)：

Doyouknowifhewillgo

tothepostoffice?

Ifhegoes

there,I

willaskhimtobuymesomestamps.

两个if,前者“是否”；后者“如果”，观察其后时态的不同。whether“是否”引导宾语从句（相当于if），whether可接or（not）,也可接带to不定式。而if则不可。另外，if从句中用any，常不用some。40．howlong/howoften/howsoon/howfar:①howlong是对长度或时间段提问。②howoften是对频率提问，如：never,sometimes,often,usually,always,onceaweek,twiceaday,

threetimesayear,

everyday/everyfouryears等。若只有次数，则用howmanytimes提问：HowmanytimesdoyouwatchTVaweek?

-Twice./onlyonce.】③howsoon是对“in+时间段”提问：④howfar是对以下三种表达法的提问：

—Howfarisitfromyourhometotheschool?

有以下三种回答：▲—It’sfiveminutes’

walk

/anhour’sride

/thirteenminutes’

busride.▲—It’sabout20kilometersaway.(注意回答时不再用far,而用away)▲—It’s15minutesbybus/onfoot/bytrain/bybike.41.主谓一致：

One/Neitherofyouis

right.

（单数谓语）

Tom,withhisfriends,has

gone.

(主语是Tom,单数谓语)

Thispair

ofshoeslooks

beautiful.wouldyouliketotrythem

on?

（主语是pair,谓语用单数,但代词用复数）

Every

boyandevery

girlhas

achancetodoit.

（此结构中用单数谓语）

Weeachhave

acar.(主语是we,用复数)

Eachofushasacar.(主语是

each,单数谓语)

Theold

need

tobelookedaftercarefully.

Theyoung

are

energetic.(the加形容词表一类人或物，谓语用复数)

Mr.andMrs.Green

are

fromAmerica.

指格林夫妇

(复数谓语)

Theteacherandwriterisanableman.

指教师兼作家,一个人，单数谓语。

BothyouandI

are

excitedaboutthenews.

（both…..and…做主语，谓语用复数）

NotonlyyoubutalsoI

am

astudent.

(notonly--,butalso;neithernor;eitheror;therebe有就近原则)

Tenyearshaspassedsincehecamehere.

(时间、金钱以及表度量衡的词做主语表单数)42.therebe用法：●常有以下结构:

there

maybe（可能有）/mustbe(一定有)

/usedto

be(曾经有)●therebe在不同时态中的形式：Thereis/are/was/were/willbe/is(are)goingtobe/have(has)been。

●therebe后接的是表示泛指的名词，单数名词前用不定冠词。Thereisadogunderthedesk.●Thereisonly

a

student

takingnotes

now.(划线部分逻辑上是主谓关系，动词加ing)43.

常见后接动词原形的词或短语:使役动词（letmakehave）情态动词（canmaymust...）助动词（dodoesdid）whynot

hadbetter

wouldrather

wouldyouplease

【注意否定形式：hadbetter/wouldrather/wouldyouplease直接加not+动原】44.常见后接动词ing的词或短语：finish、enjoy、practice、imagine、suggest、spend、consider、miss(错过)、keep、mind、

feellike、prefer…to…、can’thelp（禁不住）、

bebusy、beworth（值得）、giveup、havefun、haveagoodtime、havetrouble(in)、haveproblems(in)、havedifficulty(in)/+doing45.

havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin:①havegoneto+地点“已去了…（还未回来）”

-Ican’tfindthosechildren,wherearethey?

-Theyhavegoneto

thefarm.(去了农场，不在这儿)②havebeento+地点“去过…（原来去过，现在已回）”句尾常接次数或地点。

Shehasbeento

Qingdaothreetimes.

I

have

neverbeen

therebefore.

Wherehaveyoubeen?你去哪儿了？(Where后省略to)③havebeenin+地点，“已在…（多久了）”句尾常接for+时间段，或since+过去时间点。

Peterhasbeenin

Chinaforalongtime.46.be+形+ofsb与forsb的区别：①It’skindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真好。解释：kind,nice,good,clever,foolish，lazy等词表示的是人的特点或性格。此句相当于在说Youarekindtohelpme.形容词在描述人而不是事，此情况下介词用的是of.

②It’seasyforyoutodothework.对你来说做这事是容易的。解释：easy，difficult,necessary,important,dangerous,interesting等词不是说人，而是说事，相当于Todotheworkiseasy。此情况下介词用的是for.又如：It’sdangerousforustoclimbthemountain.是说“爬山”这件事是危险的。故用for.47.

条件与祈使:

有时条件句可以与祈使句相互转换。注意以下句子结构有何不同。①Ifyouworkhard,youwillachieveyourdream.含条件句，相当于：

Workhard,andyouwillachieveyourdream.

含祈使句，用and连接后一句子。②Ifyoudon’tlistencarefully,youwon’tunderstandit.相当于：Listentomecarefully,oryouwon’tunderstandit.用or(否则）连接后一句子。Youwon’tunderstanditunlessyoulistentomecarefully.48.动词seem的常用句型：①Itseemsthat+从句Itseemsthat

hefeelsverysad.②seems+adj……看起来好像…Heseemsverysad.③sb.seemtodosth.

Heseemstofeel

verysad.49.要某人做某事的常用句型：asksb.todo

叫…做某事;

asksb.nottodosth.叫…不要做某事tellsb.

todo

告诉…做某事;

tellsb.nottodo

sth.告诉…不要做某事如：Theteacheraskedmetocleantheclassroom.Iwasaskedtocleantheclassroombytheteacher.“Don’tcleantheclassroom.”Theteachersaid.

(改为间接引语)Theteachertoldmenottoclean

theclassroom.50.表达“更喜欢……”的常用句型：①prefersth.更喜欢某事IpreferEnglish.我更喜欢英语。②preferAtoB.

同…相比更喜欢A.

I

preferdogs

tocats.③preferdoingAtodoingB.宁愿做A而不愿干B。④likeAbetterthanB.同B相比更喜欢A⑤prefertodoAratherthandoB.同B相比更喜欢A.⑥wouldratherdoA

thandoB.

同B相比更喜欢A.

51．“该到某人做某事的时间了”句型：①It’stime(forsb)todosth②It’stimefor+n/doing.③It’sone’sturntodosth.52．“自从……已多久”的句型①It’s+时间段+

since+过去时态的从句.②Ithasbeen+时间段+

since+过去时态的从句.③时间段+

haspassed

since+过去时态的从句.It’sthreemonthssincehelefthishometown.

=Helefthishometownthreemonthsago.=Threemonthshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.53．“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”“越……，越……”句型Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouare.你吃得越多，就越胖。54．“比较级+

and+比较级”“越来越”的句型;moreandmore+多音节形容词Hebecomesstrongerandstronger.他越来越健壮。

Ourschollisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.55.

比较级前+the（特例）Heisthe

tallerofthetwo.

(他是两个当中较高的那个，the表特指)56．＂你最好做．．．．．＂句型hadbetter+dosth＂你最好．．．．＂

hadbetternot+dosth“你最好不．．．＂57．“问路”的句型①thewaytothe……?②Can\Could

youtellme

howIcangettothe

……?③howtogettothe

……?④whichisthewaytothe

……?⑤wheretheis?58.“……出毛病了，怎么了”的句型,句中的what为主语。①What’swrongwithsb\sth

?②What’sthematterwithsb\sth

?③What’sthetroublewithsth\sb

?④Thereissomethingwrongwithsb\sth.=Somethingiswrongwithsb/sth.=sthisbroken.=sthdoesn’twork.59．“对事物看法如何”的句型①Whatdoyouthinkofsb\sth

?

②Howdoyoulike

sb\sth?=Howdoyoufindsb\sth?

60．“问天气如何”的句型①What’sthewe